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Crash
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Paul Haggis
Screenplay by	Paul Haggis Bobby Moresco
Story by	Paul Haggis
Produced by	Don Cheadle Paul Haggis Mark R. Harris Bobby Moresco Cathy Schulman Bob Yari
Starring	Sandra Bullock Don Cheadle Matt Dillon Jennifer Esposito William Fichtner Brendan Fraser Terrence Howard Chris "Ludacris" Bridges Thandiwe Newton Michael Peña Ryan Phillippe Larenz Tate
Cinematography	J. Michael Muro
Edited by	Hughes Winborne
Music by	Mark Isham
Production companies	Bob Yari Productions DEJ Productions Blackfriars Bridge Harris Company ApolloProScreen Productions Bull's Eye Entertainment
Distributed by	Lions Gate Films (United States) Universum Film (Germany)
Release dates	September 10, 2004 (2004-09-10) (TIFF) May 6, 2005 (2005-05-06) (United States)
Running time	112 minutes
Countries	United States Germany
Language	English
Budget	$6.5 million
Box office	$101.2 million

Crash is a 2004 crime drama film produced, directed, and co-written by Paul Haggis. A self-described "passion piece" for Haggis, the film features racial and social tensions in Los Angeles and was inspired by a real-life incident in which his Porsche was carjacked in 1991 outside a video store on Wilshire Boulevard. The film features an ensemble cast, including Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle (who also produced the film), Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito, William Fichtner, Brendan Fraser, Terrence Howard, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Thandiwe Newton, Michael Peña, and Ryan Phillippe.

Crash first premiered at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2004 before it was released in theaters on May 6, 2005 by Lions Gate Films. The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised the direction, screenplay, performances (particularly from Dillon), but earned polarized responses for what some saw as a simplistic and unsubtle depiction and portrayal of race relations. The film was a success at the box office, earning $98.4 million worldwide against its $6.5 million budget.

The film earned several accolades and nominations. Dillon was particularly praised for his performance and received nominations for Best Supporting Actor from the Academy Awards, BAFTA, Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award. Additionally, the cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. The film received six Academy Award nominations, and controversially won three for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing at the 78th Academy Awards. It was also nominated for nine BAFTA Awards and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Newton.

Plot

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African-American Detective Graham Waters and his Hispanic partner Ria are involved in a minor collision with a car being driven by Kim Lee, an Asian-American woman. A subsequent exchange of racially-charged insults occurs. Waters later arrives at a crime scene where the body of a "dead kid" has been discovered.

Earlier the previous day, Farhad, a Persian shop owner, and his daughter Dorri are having an argument in a gun shop. Dorri criticizes her father for having purchased a gun to protect his store from frequent vandals, whereas the father (who does not speak English) insists that Dorri translate for him so he can decide which cartridges to buy. The gun store owner grows impatient and degrades the two of them by referring to Farhad as "Osama". Farhad is forced to leave the store and Dorri becomes responsible for choosing the cartridges. When the store owner asks her if she really wants to buy the cartridges she selects, she nods in assent.

Later that night, two black men, Anthony and Peter, carjack District Attorney Rick Cabot and his wife Jean. As they drive away, they pass a liquor store where Waters and Ria are investigating the death of black man killed by a Detective Conklin, a white police officer. The detective claims he fired in self defense after the black man brandished a gun in a road rage incident. But, Waters and Ria discover that the black man he shot was, in fact, a fellow police officer.

Now back at his home, the DA rails at one of his assistants that his car-jacking incident could cost him re-election because, no matter whom he sides with, he will lose either the black vote or the law and order vote. Meanwhile, the Hispanic locksmith Daniel Ruiz, who is replacing the lock on one of the home's doors overhears Jean arguing with Rick, demanding that the locks be changed again as she suspects that Daniel is a gangster due to his tattoos and outfit. Daniel angrily places the keys of the new locks on the kitchen counter and leaves.

LAPD Sergeant John Ryan visits an African-American adjuster with his father's health insurance plan to report that his father has near-constant pain in his groin. He says that he believes his father's primary care physician is incompetent because he has diagnosed the father's problem as a urinary tract infection and refuses to refer him to a specialist to check for prostate problems despite the fact that the father's condition has not improved after weeks of treatment. He asks the adjuster to authorize a specialist visit. However, the adjuster refuses due to racially derogatory comments Ryan had made to her during an earlier phone call. After Ryan issues additional racist comments in response to her refusal, the adjuster has building security throw him out.

The next day, Sergeant Ryan and his partner, Officer Tom Hansen, pull over an SUV being driven by African-American director Cameron Thayer and his wife Christine, who was performing fellatio on him. After an intoxicated Christine remonstrates with Ryan, he subjects the couple to a body search. Ryan molests Christine in front of her husband and Hansen, who watches in disgust. Ryan releases them with a warning after Cameron apologizes.

Hansen goes to his superior (who is black) to report Ryan's conduct and request a transfer. His superior berates Hansen for his request as it will reflect negatively on the superior (who was previously Ryan's boss) and tarnish the career of a black man who made it to the high ranks of what he refers to as "a racist organization like the LAPD." He suggests that Hansen falsely claim he has uncontrollable flatulence and needs a solo police cruiser as he is ashamed to ride with anyone else. When Hansen says he's uncomfortable doing that, his superior tells him he has a choice between doing the morally right thing by reporting Ryan's misconduct and likely ending both of their careers as a result, or telling an embarrassing lie that will save them both.

In the carjacked SUV, Anthony and Peter hit a Korean man while passing a parked van. After arguing over what to do, they dump him in front of a hospital, and drive away. Meanwhile, Daniel's next call is to replace a lock at Farhad's shop. But when Daniel warns Farhad that the real problem is the door, Farhad accuses Daniel of trying to cheat him. The next day, Farhad finds that his store has been wrecked and defaced with graffiti. He blames Daniel for not having properly repaired the lock.

Waters, while having sex with Ria, gets a phone call from his mother, who has dementia, which leads to an argument about Ria's ethnicity. Waters later visits his mother, who asks him to find his missing younger brother. After noticing that his mother has virtually nothing in her refrigerator, Waters goes shopping and returns to surreptitiously re-stock the fridge while his mother is sleeping.

Ryan comes across a car accident and crawls into an overturned vehicle that is starting to burn. He finds Christine trapped in the now burning vehicle. Recognizing Ryan as the police officer who had molested her the previous night, she resists frantically. However, with the help of his partner and spectators, Ryan pulls the terrified Christine out just before the flames reach the car's gas tank and the car explodes.

Waters is summoned to a meeting with a detective Flanagan who works with the DA to smooth over problems in the police department that could jeopardize his re-election. Flanagan tells Waters that Internal Affairs has discovered that Conklin has two prior suspicious shootings of black men. He insinuates that he wants Waters to help him justify firing Conklin. Waters objects as he has no evidence of wrongdoing by Conklin. He also informs Flanagan that he and Ria have discovered that the black officer was driving someone else's car and that they found $300,000 hidden in it that Waters suspects were the proceeds of a drug deal. Flanagan responds by insinuating that, if Waters co-operates in helping to burn detective Conklin, the DA will appoint Waters as his chief investigator and also clear Waters' brother's criminal record. When Waters objects to being "bought" by the DA Flanagan insinuates that he has a choice between doing the morally right thing by refusing to implicate a possibly innocent fellow officer, and sending his brother to prison for the rest of his life as a result or framing a possibly racist police officer and giving his brother a new lease on life. At the ensuing press conference, Waters reluctantly agrees that, given the evidence, Conklin was likely a racist cop.

Kim Lee visits the Korean man Anthony and Peter had hit in the hospital. The man turns out to be her husband. The husband tells his wife to retrieve his wallet and immediately deposit a check he has in it. Kim Lee looks at the check with apparent surprise and alarm and immediately nods rapidly indicating her agreement to deposit the check.

Anthony and Peter carjack another Navigator, which happens to be Cameron's. Only after opening the door do they realize that Cameron is black. Police officers arrive on the scene and a chase ends with Cameron and Anthony in Cameron's car on a dead end residential street. Hansen is one of the pursuing officers and, out of guilt for his role in assaulting Cameron's wife, vouches for Cameron to be let off with a warning. Cameron expresses shame toward Anthony for his criminal lifestyle and drops him off near a bus stop.

Farhad locates Daniel's house and waits in ambush. He then confronts Daniel and shoots, but Daniel's daughter jumps into Daniel's arms, attempting to protect her father. Everyone watches in horror as Daniel clutches his daughter, but are then amazed to see that the daughter is unharmed and doesn't have a mark on her despite having been shot at point-blank range. Farhad retreats to his shop where Dorri confronts him. He tells her that he believes the little girl was his guardian angel, preventing him from committing a terrible crime. He gives the gun to his daughter who is then seen going over near the cash register to retrieve the box of gun cartridges, revealing that the cartridges she had purchased were actually blanks.

Hansen pulls over to pick up a hitchhiking Peter, who had fled from the carjacking that took place earlier. Throughout the drive, Hansen becomes increasingly suspicious of Peter's intentions. Peter offends Hansen by suddenly beginning to laugh, and when Peter reaches for his pocket to show him what he was laughing about, Hansen shoots. Peter collapses dead revealing that what he had in his hand is a statuette of Saint Christopher similar to the one on Hansen's dash. Horrified, Hansen hides the body in some nearby bushes and burns his car. Waters and Ria later arrive at the scene which is revealed to be the same one as that at the beginning of the film. Waters realizes that Peter is both his missing brother and the "dead kid". He visits his mother at the hospital where Peter's death is confirmed. The mother disowns Waters for having been too concerned with himself and others to find Peter alive as she had told him to. She tells Waters that the last thing Peter had done before his death was to re-stock her refrigerator with food, not realizing that it was Waters who had actually done that.

Anthony decides to steal the van of the Korean man he had accidentally hit. When he drops it off at a chop shop he frequents, he discovers a number of Cambodian immigrants chained in the back of the van, revealing the Korean man to be a human trafficker. The chop shop owner offers Anthony $500 per immigrant. But, despite his criminal past, Anthony refuses. He drives the Cambodians to Chinatown and frees them. As the Cambodians stare in awe at the window of a TV shop (which, clearly, none of them had ever seen before) Anthony passes by a fender-bender car crash. One driver turns out to be the insurance adjuster Sergeant Ryan had previously argued with. The other is an Asian man. Once again, an exchange of racially-charged insults occurs.

Cast

Main cast

• Sandra Bullock as Jean Cabot, Rick's wife
• Don Cheadle as Det. Graham Waters, an officer investigating recent murders based on racial tensions
• Matt Dillon as Sgt. John Ryan, a bigoted police officer
• Jennifer Esposito as Ria, Detective Waters' partner
• Brendan Fraser as D.A. Rick Cabot, Jean's husband
• Terrence Howard as Cameron Thayer, a television director and husband to Christine
• Ludacris as Anthony, a violent carjacker and Peter's partner
• Thandiwe Newton (credited as Thandie Newton) as Christine Thayer, Cameron's wife
• Michael Peña as Daniel Ruiz, a Hispanic locksmith
• Ryan Phillippe as Officer Tom Hansen, a rookie policeman and Ryan's partner
• Larenz Tate as Peter, a laid-back, good-natured carjacker and Anthony's partner

Supporting cast

• Shaun Toub as Farhad
• Bahar Soomekh as Dorri
• Ashlyn Sanchez as Lara Ruiz
• Karina Arroyave as Elizabeth Ruiz
• Loretta Devine as Shaniqua Johnson
• Beverly Todd as Mrs. Waters
• William Fichtner as Jake Flanagan
• Keith David as Lt. Dixon
• Jack McGee as Gun Store Owner
• Greg Joung Paik as Choi Chin Gui, the human trafficker
• Alexis Rhee as Kim Lee, the wife of Choi Chin Gui
• Daniel Dae Kim as Park
• Nona Gaye as Karen
• Bruce Kirby as 'Pop' Ryan
• Tony Danza as Fred
• Kathleen York as Officer Johnson
• Sylva Kelegian as Nurse Hodges
• Marina Sirtis as Shereen

Production

Writer and director Paul Haggis was inspired to make the film after being carjacked by two African-American men at a Blockbuster Video on Wilshire Boulevard while driving home from the premiere of The Silence of the Lambs in February 1991. Afterwards he began thinking more about the impact of race, ethnicity, and class in American society. He later stated in the Huffington Post that he wrote Crash not simply to criticize racists but to "bust liberals" for the idea that the United States had become a post-racial society.

In a 2020 interview with Vulture, Thandie Newton stated that Haggis didn't want her wearing any special protective underwear for the police sexual assault scene, wanting it to be real for Matt Dillon "to go there."

Reception

Box office

Crash had a wide release on May 6, 2005, and was a box office success in the late spring of 2005. The film had a budget of $6.5 million (plus $1 million in financing). Because of the financial constraints, director Haggis filmed in his own house, borrowed a set from the TV show Monk, used his car in parts of the film, and even used cars from other staff members. The film grossed $53.4 million domestically, making back more than seven times its budget. Despite its success in relation to its cost, Crash was the lowest-grossing film at the domestic box office to win Best Picture since The Last Emperor in 1987.

Critical response

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 74% based on 241 reviews, with an average score of 7.23/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A raw and unsettling morality piece on modern angst and urban disconnect, Crash examines the dangers of bigotry and xenophobia in the lives of interconnected Angelenos." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 69 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and described it as "a movie of intense fascination", listing it as the best film of 2005. The film also ranks at #460 in Empire's 2008 poll of the "500 Greatest Films of All Time".

Some later reviews of Crash have been less favorable. Cultural critic Ta-Nehisi Coates criticized the film as shallow and "unthinking," naming Crash "the worst film of the decade." The film has been critiqued for depicting the Persian shopkeeper as a "deranged, paranoid individual who is only redeemed by what he believes is a mystical act of God." The film has also been criticized for using multicultural and sentimentalist imagery to cover over material and "historically sedimented inequalities" that continue to affect different racial groups in Los Angeles.

In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected Crash as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.

The film can be used as an example of the so-called 'network narrative', a non-linear way of storytelling that highlights the contingency of life and values the structure of society over the individual. The disconnect and conflicts portrayed in the film are highlighted by its unusual structure and present the possibility of the portrayed racism and bigotry being a result of structural behaviour that partially neglects the individual perspective and creates an abstract scale.

Top ten lists

Crash was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

• 1st – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
• 1st – Steve Davis, Austin Chronicle
• 3rd – Kevin Thomas, Los Angeles Times
• 3rd – Richard Roeper, Ebert & Roeper
• 3rd – Ella Taylor, L.A. Weekly
• 4th – Stephen Hunter, The Washington Post
• 6th – Christy Lemire, Associated Press
• 7th – Claudia Puig, USA Today
• 8th – Richard Schickel, Time Magazine
• 8th – Lisa Schwarzbaum, Entertainment Weekly
• 9th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone

Oscar controversy

Crash won the Best Picture Oscar at the 78th Academy Awards, controversially beating the critically favored Brokeback Mountain and making it only the second film ever (the other being The Sting) to win the Academy Award for Best Picture without having been nominated for any of the three Golden Globe Awards for Best Motion Picture (Best Drama, Best Comedy/Musical and Best Foreign Film).

The film's use of moral quandary as a storytelling medium was widely reported as ironic, since many saw it as the "safe" alternative to Brokeback Mountain, the plot of which focused on LGBT issues. Critic Kenneth Turan suggested that Crash benefited from anti-gay discomfort among Academy members, while critic Roger Ebert was of a different opinion, arguing that the better film won that year.

Film Comment magazine placed Crash first on their list of "Worst Winners of Best Picture Oscars", followed by Slumdog Millionaire at #2, and Chicago at #3. Similarly, a 2014 survey of film critics by The Atlantic identified the film's victory as among the most glaring mistakes made by the Academy Awards.

In 2015, The Hollywood Reporter polled hundreds of Academy members, asking them to re-vote on past controversial decisions. For the 2006 Best Picture winner, Brokeback Mountain beat Crash and the other nominees.

In a 2015 interview, Paul Haggis commented: "Was the best film of the year? I don't think so. There were great films that year. Good Night, and Good Luck – amazing film. Capote – terrific film. Ang Lee's Brokeback Mountain, great film. And Spielberg's Munich. I mean please, what a year. Crash, for some reason, affected people, it touched people. And you can't judge these films like that. I'm very glad to have those Oscars. They're lovely things. But you shouldn't ask me what the best film of the year was because I wouldn't be voting for Crash, only because I saw the artistry that was in the other films. Now however, for some reason that's the film that touched people the most that year. So I guess that's what they voted for, something that really touched them. And I'm very proud of the fact that Crash does touch you. People still come up to me more than any of my films and say: 'That film just changed my life.' I've heard that dozens and dozens and dozens of times. So it did its job there. I mean, I knew it was the social experiment that I wanted, so I think it's a really good social experiment. Is it a great film? I don't know".

Accolades

Crash was nominated for six awards at the 78th Academy Awards and won three - Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing. It was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, one for Best Supporting Actor (Matt Dillon) and the other for Best Screenplay (Paul Haggis and Robert Moresco).

Other awards include Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 2005 Screen Actors Guild Awards; Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards 2005; Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress (Newton) at the 59th British Academy Film Awards; Best Writer at the Critics' Choice Awards; Outstanding Motion Picture and Outstanding Actor in a Leading Role (Howard) at the Black Movie Awards; Best First Feature and Best Supporting Male (Dillon) at the Independent Spirit Awards; Best Cast and Best Writer at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards; and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture (Howard) and Outstanding Motion Picture at the NAACP Image Awards.

Music

Score

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All songs were written and composed by Mark Isham, except where noted. The original score was released through labels Gut and Colosseum in 2005. The iTunes release is the complete score released through Yari Music Group, and has the cues isolated and in film order (unlike the commercial score CD which is edited, incomplete, in a different order, and in suite form).

iTunes version (complete score)

Soundtrack

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The soundtrack's title is Crash: Music from and Inspired by the Film.

Note: The country song playing during the carjacking scene is "Whiskey Town" by Moot Davis. Also, the song playing on the car radio when the hitchhiker is picked up is "Swinging Doors" by Merle Haggard.

Home media

Crash was released on DVD on September 6, 2005, in widescreen and fullscreen one-disc versions, with a number of bonus features, including a music video by KansasCali (now known as The Rocturnals) for the song "If I..." from the soundtrack. The director's cut of the film was released in a two-disc special edition DVD on April 4, 2006, with more bonus content than the one-disc set. The director's cut is three minutes longer than the theatrical cut. The scene where Daniel is talking with his daughter under her bed is extended and a new scene is added with officer Hansen in the police station locker room.

The film also was released in a limited edition VHS version. It was the last film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture to be released in VHS format. It was also the first Best Picture winner to be released on Blu-ray Disc in the US, on June 27, 2006.

Television series

A 13-episode series premiered on the Starz network on October 17, 2008. The series features Dennis Hopper as a record producer in Los Angeles, California, and how his life is connected to other characters in the city, including a police officer (Ross McCall) and his partner, actress-turned-police officer, Arlene Tur. The cast consists of a Brentwood mother (Clare Carey), her real-estate developer husband (D. B. Sweeney), a former gang member-turned-EMT (Brian Tee), a street-smart driver (Jocko Sims), an undocumented Guatemalan immigrant (Luis Chavez), and a detective (Nick Tarabay).

See also

• Grand Canyon (1991 film)
• Magnolia (1999 film)

References

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External links

• Crash at IMDb
• Crash at Box Office Mojo
• Crash at Rotten Tomatoes

• 2004 films
• American films
• BAFTA winners (films)
• Best Picture Academy Award winners
• English-language films
• Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
• Films about racism
• Films about race and ethnicity
• Films about hijackings
• Films adapted into television shows
• Films directed by Paul Haggis
• Films set in Los Angeles
• Films set in the San Fernando Valley
• Films shot in Los Angeles
• Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award
• Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award
• American independent films
• Films whose writer won the Best Original Screenplay BAFTA Award
• Films with screenplays by Paul Haggis
• Films scored by Mark Isham
• Hyperlink films