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*]|founder=]|final ruler=]|current head=]|country=]|founding year=15 December 1925|dissolution=|deposition=11 February 1979}} |
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*]|founder=]|final ruler=]|current head=]|country=]|founding year=15 December 1925|dissolution=|deposition=11 February 1979}} |
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The '''Pahlavi dynasty''' was the last Iranian royal dynasty, ruling for almost 54 years between 1925 and 1979. Although the dynasty was founded from a non-aristocratic ] family in modern times, they named themselves after the ] spoken in the pre-Islamic ] in order to strengthen their nationalist credentials.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=کوروش |first1=نوروز مرادی |last2=نوری |first2=مصطفی |title=سندی نویافته از نیای رضاشاه |journal=پیام بهارستان |date=1388 |volume=د۲،س ۱،ش۴ |url=http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20101205103251-0%20(51).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=معتضد |first1=خسرو |title=تاج های زنانه |date=1387 |publisher=نشر البرز |location=تهران |isbn=9789644425974 |pages=46 47 48 49 50 51 جلد اول |edition=چاپ اول}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=نیازمند |first1=رضا |title=رضاشاه از تولد تا سلطنت |date=1387 |publisher=حکایت قلم نوین |location=تهران |isbn=9645925460 |pages=15 16 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 39 40 43 44 45 |edition=چاپ ششم}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=زیباکلام |first1=صادق |title=رضاشاه |date=1398 |publisher=روزنه،لندن:اچ انداس |location=تهران |isbn=9781780837628 |pages=61, 62 |edition=اول}}</ref> |
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The '''Pahlavi dynasty''' is an Iranian royal dynasty of ] ethnicity. The Pahlavi dynasty originated in Iran's ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=کوروش |first1=نوروز مرادی |last2=نوری |first2=مصطفی |title=سندی نویافته از نیای رضاشاه |journal=پیام بهارستان |date=1388 |volume=د۲،س ۱،ش۴ |url=http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20101205103251-0%20(51).pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=معتضد |first1=خسرو |title=تاج های زنانه |date=1387 |publisher=نشر البرز |location=تهران |isbn=9789644425974 |pages=46 47 48 49 50 51 جلد اول |edition=چاپ اول}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=نیازمند |first1=رضا |title=رضاشاه از تولد تا سلطنت |date=1387 |publisher=حکایت قلم نوین |location=تهران |isbn=9645925460 |pages=15 16 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 39 40 43 44 45 |edition=چاپ ششم}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=زیباکلام |first1=صادق |title=رضاشاه |date=1398 |publisher=روزنه،لندن:اچ انداس |location=تهران |isbn=9781780837628 |pages=61, 62 |edition=اول}}</ref> In 1878, Reza Shah Pahlavi was born at the village of ] in ], Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou.<ref name="Afkhami2008">{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PP2|access-date=2 November 2012|date=27 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25328-5|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Zirinsky|first=Michael P.|title=Imperial power and dictatorship: Britain and the rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|year=1992|volume=24|issue=4|pages=639–663|url=http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=history_facpubs&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D20%26q%3Dlife%2Bof%2Bshah%2Bmohammed%2Breza%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22life%20shah%20mohammed%20reza%22|access-date=2 November 2012|doi=10.1017/s0020743800022388}}</ref> His mother was a Muslim immigrant from ] (then part of the ]),<ref>{{cite book |quote="(..) His mother, who was of Georgian origin, died not long after, leaving Reza in her brother's care in Tehran. (...)."|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|first1= Gholam Reza |last1=Afkhami |publisher= University of California Press | date = 2009 |page=4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote="(...) His mother, Nush Afarin, was a Georgian Muslim immigrant (...)."|title=The Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam |author= GholamAli Haddad Adel |publisher= EWI Press | date = 2012 |page=3 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> whose family had emigrated to mainland ] after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the ] following the ] several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth.<ref>Homa Katouzian. I.B.Tauris, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1845112721}} p 269</ref> His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th ] Regiment, and served in the ] in 1856. |
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The dynasty replaced the ] in the early 1920s, beginning on 14 January 1921 when 41-year-old soldier Reza Khan was promoted by British General ] to lead the British-run ].<ref name="GhaniGhanī2001">{{cite book|author1=Cyrus Ghani|author2=Sīrūs Ghanī|title=Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VGZItY9kL0AC&pg=PA147|date=6 January 2001|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-86064-629-4|pages=147–}}</ref> About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000-4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran in what became known as the ].<ref name=Zirinsky/><ref> Brysac, Shareen Blair. "A Very British Coup: How Reza Shah Won and Lost His Throne." <i>World Policy Journal</i> 24, no. 2 (2007): 90-103. Accessed August 8, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210096</ref> The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the ] agreed to depose and formally exile ]. The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as the new Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ajoudani.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=27|title=Mashallah Ajudani|work=Ajoudani|access-date=17 January 2013|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022170922/http://ajoudani.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=27|url-status=dead}}</ref> Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a ], as his contemporary Atatürk had done in Turkey, but abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Curtis|first1=Glenn E.|last2=Hooglund|first2=Eric|author-link2=Eric Hooglund|title=Iran: A Country Study: A Country Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPf_f7skJUYC&pg=PA27|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-8444-1187-3|page=27}}</ref> |
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The dynasty ruled Iran for 28 years as a form of ] from 1925 until 1953, and following ], for a further 26 years as a more autocratic monarchy until the dynasty was ]. |
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==Family background== |
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In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of ] in ], Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou.<ref name="Afkhami2008">{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PP2|access-date=2 November 2012|date=27 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25328-5|page=4}}</ref><ref name=Zirinsky>{{cite journal|last=Zirinsky|first=Michael P.|title=Imperial power and dictatorship: Britain and the rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|year=1992|volume=24|issue=4|pages=639–663|url=http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=history_facpubs&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D20%26q%3Dlife%2Bof%2Bshah%2Bmohammed%2Breza%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22life%20shah%20mohammed%20reza%22|access-date=2 November 2012|doi=10.1017/s0020743800022388}}</ref> His mother was a Muslim immigrant from ] (then part of the ]),<ref>{{cite book |quote="(..) His mother, who was of Georgian origin, died not long after, leaving Reza in her brother's care in Tehran. (...)."|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|first1= Gholam Reza |last1=Afkhami |publisher= University of California Press | date = 2009 |page=4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |quote="(...) His mother, Nush Afarin, was a Georgian Muslim immigrant (...)."|title=The Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam |author= GholamAli Haddad Adel |publisher= EWI Press | date = 2012 |page=3 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> whose family had emigrated to mainland ] after Iran was forced to cede all of its territories in the ] following the ] several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth.<ref>Homa Katouzian. I.B.Tauris, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1845112721}} p 269</ref> His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th ] Regiment, and served in the ] in 1856. |
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==Pahlavi Shahs of Iran== |
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==Pahlavi Shahs of Iran== |
