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Gian Maria Volonté
Gian Maria Volonté in his later years
Born	(1933-04-09)9 April 1933 Milan, Italy
Died	6 December 1994(1994-12-06) (aged 61) Florina, Greece
Other names	John Wells, Johnny Wels
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1957–1993
Spouse	Armenia Balducci
Partner(s)	Carla Gravina Angelica Ippolito (1977-his death)
Children	1
Relatives	Claudio Camaso (brother)
Website	http://www.gianmariavolonte.it/

Gian Maria Volonté (9 April 1933 – 6 December 1994) was an Italian actor, remembered for his versatility as an interpreter, his outspoken left-wing leanings and fiery temper on and off-screen. He is perhaps most famous outside Italy for his roles in four Spaghetti Western films: Ramón Rojo and El Indio in Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars (1964) and For a Few Dollars More (1965), El Chuncho Munoz in Damiano Damiani's A Bullet for the General (1966) and Professor Brad Fletcher in Sergio Sollima's Face to Face (1967).

In Italy and much of Europe, he was notable for his roles in high-profile social dramas depicting the political and social stirrings of Italian and European society in the 1960s and 1970s, including four films directed by Elio Petri – We Still Kill the Old Way (1967), Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970), The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1971) and Todo modo (1976). He is also recognized for his performances in Jean-Pierre Melville's Le Cercle Rouge (1970), Giuliano Montaldo's Sacco & Vanzetti (1971) and Francesco Rosi's Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979).

Early life

Volonté was born in Milan but grew up in Turin. His father Mario was a fascist officer from Saronno (province of Varese), who in 1944 was in command of the Brigata Nera of Chivasso, near Turin. His mother, Carolina Bianchi, belonged to a wealthy Milanese industrial family and his younger brother Claudio was an actor as well. He went to Rome to train for an acting career at the Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico, which he left in 1957. He had a brief career in television and acting in Shakespeare and Goldoni plays on the stage, before establishing his film career.

Career

Volonté made his debut in 1960 in Sotto dieci bandiere, directed by Duilio Coletti. Just four years later, he played "Ramón Rojo" in A Fistful of Dollars (1964), and "El Indio" in For a Few Dollars More (1965), both for cash reasons as he did not consider either role serious. Both films were directed by the then-unknown Sergio Leone, and Volonté's roles in them would bring him his greatest recognition from American audiences. He played Carlo Levi in Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979), which was based on Levi's autobiographical account of his years in internal-exile in Aliano, south Italy, in the 1930s. Volonté played the memorable role of the Bandito-turned-guerrilla, El Chuncho, in A Bullet for the General (1966).

Volonté's performances as memorable but neurotic characters, or as a gifted leader of brigands or revolutionaries, together with the unexpected, worldwide success of the films, gave him international fame. Volonté had already played comedies, including A cavallo della tigre (1961), by Luigi Comencini, and confirmed his versatility in L'armata Brancaleone (1966). However, he found his main dimension in dramatic roles for Banditi a Milano (1968), by Carlo Lizzani, Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina (1972) by Marco Bellocchio, La Classe operaia va in paradiso (1972) by his friend Elio Petri and Il sospetto (1975) by Francesco Maselli.

In 1968, Volonté won a Silver Ribbon as best actor for A ciascuno il suo, also directed by Elio Petri. Volonté received the same award for two other performances: Petri's Indagine su un cittadino al di sopra di ogni sospetto (1971, winner of an Academy Award as best foreign film), considered by many to be his finest; and in The Abyss (1989).

In 1983 he won the award for Best Actor at the 1983 Cannes Film Festival for La Mort de Mario Ricci. Four years later, at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor for Il caso Moro. 1988 Cannes Film Festival Official Selection, remarkable play as a Renaissance physician in The Abyss by André Delvaux from Marguerite Yourcenar's famous novel. In 1990, Volonté was named Best European Actor for Porte aperte. In 1991, at the Venice Film Festival, he won a Golden Lion for his career as a whole. Volonté played numerous roles outside Italy.

Personal life

Volonté was a strong political activist and known for his pro-Communist leanings. In 1981, he helped Oreste Scalzone to flee from capture in Italy to Denmark. He was the partner of Italian actress Carla Gravina for almost 10 years after they met when they played Romeo and Juliet in a theatre production in 1960. The two had a daughter Giovanna, born in the early 1960s. Actress Angelica Ippolito was his companion from 1977 until his death in 1994.

Death

Volonté died from a heart attack at the age of 61 in 1994 at Florina, Greece, during the filming of Ulysses' Gaze, directed by Theo Angelopoulos. Actor Erland Josephson replaced him in the role. Volonté's grave is in a small cemetery on the Sardinian island of La Maddalena, according his wishes.

Selected filmography

• Under Ten Flags (1960, directed by Duilio Coletti) as Samuel Braunstein
• Girl with a Suitcase (1961, directed by Valerio Zurlini) as Piero Benotti
• Journey Beneath the Desert (1961, directed by Edgar G. Ulmer) as Tarath
• Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis (1961, directed by Vittorio Cottafavi) as Re di Sparta
• On the Tiger's Back (1961, Luigi Comencini) as Papaleo
• A Man for Burning (1962, directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani and Valentino Orsini) as Salvatore
• The Four Days of Naples (1962, directed by Nanni Loy) as Stimolo (uncredited)
• Noche de verano (1963, directed by Jorge Grau) as Alberto Suárez
• Il terrorista (1963, directed by Gianfranco De Bosio) as Braschi, l'ingeniere
• A Fistful of Dollars (credited as "Johnny Wels") (1964, directed by Sergio Leone) as Ramón Rojo
• The Magnificent Cuckold (1965, directed by Antonio Pietrangeli) as The Councillor
• For a Few Dollars More (1965, directed by Sergio Leone) as El Indio (The Indian)
• Seasons of Our Love (1966, directed by Florestano Vancini) as Leonardo Varzi
• Wake Up and Die (1966, directed by Carlo Lizzani) as Inspector Moroni
• L'armata Brancaleone (1966, directed by Mario Monicelli) as Teofilatto dei Leonzi
• La strega in amore (1966, directed by Damiano Damiani) as Fabrizio
• A Gangstergirl (1966, directed by Frans Weisz)
• A Bullet for the General (1967, directed by Damiano Damiani) as El Chuncho Munoz
• We Still Kill the Old Way (1967, directed by Elio Petri) as Prof. Paolo Laurana
• Faccia a faccia (1967, directed by Sergio Sollima) as Professor Brad Fletcher
• The Seven Cervi Brothers (1968, directed by Gianni Puccini)
• Bandits in Milan (1968, directed by Carlo Lizzani) as Pietro 'Piero' Cavallero
• Summit [fr] (1968, directed by Giorgio Bontempi [fr])
• The Bandit (1969, directed by Carlo Lizzani) as Gramigna
• Under the Sign of Scorpio (1969, directed by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani) as Renno
• Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970, directed by Elio Petri) as Il Dottore – Former head of homicide squad
• Wind from the East (1970, directed by Jean-Luc Godard and the Dziga Vertov Group) as Le ranger nordiste
• Many Wars Ago (1970, directed by Francesco Rosi) as Lt. Ottolenghi
• Le Cercle Rouge (1970, directed by Jean-Pierre Melville) as Vogel
• Sacco e Vanzetti (1971, directed by Giuliano Montaldo) as Bartolomeo Vanzetti
• The Working Class Goes to Heaven (1977, directed by Elio Petri) as Lulù Massa
• The Mattei Affair (1972, directed by Francesco Rosi) as Enrico Mattei
• Plot (1972, directed by Yves Boisset) as Sadiel – un leader progresste maghrebin
• Sbatti il mostro in prima pagina (1972, directed by Marco Bellocchio) as Bizanti
• Lucky Luciano (1973, directed by Francesco Rosi) as Charles 'Lucky' Luciano
• Giordano Bruno (1973, directed by Giuliano Montaldo) as Giordano Bruno
• The Suspect (1975, directed by Francesco Maselli) as Emilio
• Letters from Marusia (1976, directed by Miguel Littín) as Gregorio
• Todo modo (1976, directed by Elio Petri) as M.
• Io ho paura (1977, directed by Damiano Damiani) as Brigadiere Ludovico Graziano
• Christ Stopped at Eboli (1979, directed by Francesco Rosi) as Carlo Levi
• Ogro (1979, directed by Gillo Pontecorvo) as Izarra
• Stark System (1980, directed by Armenia Balducci) as Stark
• The Lady of the Camellias (1981, directed by Mauro Bolognini) as Plessis
• La Certosa di Parma [it] (1982, TV miniseries, directed by Mauro Bolognini) as Count Mosca
• La Mort de Mario Ricci (1983, directed by Claude Goretta) as Bernard Fontana
• Il caso Moro (1986, directed by Giuseppe Ferrara) as Aldo Moro
• Chronicle of a Death Foretold (1987, directed by Francesco Rosi) as Dr. Cristo Bedoya
• Un ragazzo di Calabria (1987, directed by Luigi Comencini) as Felice
• The Abyss (1988, directed by André Delvaux) as Zénon
• Pestalozzi's Mountain (1989, directed by Peter von Gunten) as Pestalozzi
• Tre colonne in cronaca (1990, directed by Carlo Vanzina) as Alberto Landolfi
• Open Doors (1990, directed by Gianni Amelio) as Judge Vito Di Francesco
• Una storia semplice (1991, directed by Emidio Greco) as Carmelo Franzò
• Funes, a Great Love (1993, directed by Raúl de la Torre) as Bergama
• Tirano Banderas (1993, directed by José Luis García Sánchez) as Tirano Banderas (final film role) Cuba

References

1. "Berlinale: 1987 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
2. "SCALZONE: ' MI FECE SCAPPARE DALL' ITALIA'". La Repubblica. 7 December 1994. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
3. Tagliabue, John (7 December 1994). "Gian Maria Volonte Dies at 61; A Prize-Winning Italian Actor". The New York Times.

External links

• Official website
• Gian Maria Volonté at IMDb
• Giovanni Savastano: "Gian Maria Volonté. Recito dunque sono" Edizioni Clichy, 2018

• 1933 births
• 1994 deaths
• 20th-century Italian male actors
• Italian male film actors
• Male actors from Milan
• Male Spaghetti Western actors
• Male Western (genre) film actors
• Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico alumni
• Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
• European Film Awards winners (people)
• David di Donatello winners
• Nastro d'Argento winners
• Silver Bear for Best Actor winners
• Italian communists