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Revision as of 12:08, 2 October 2021 editMarcin 303 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users18,315 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 12:11, 2 October 2021 edit undoMarcin 303 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users18,315 editsNo edit summaryNext edit →
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| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|20|48|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|20|48|E|region:PL|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 11-200 | postal_code = 11-200
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| blank_info = NBA | blank_info = NBA
| blank_name_sec2 = ]
| blank_info_sec2 = ]
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| website = http://www.bartoszyce.pl }} | website = http://www.bartoszyce.pl }}


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Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from the Teutonic Grand Master ] in 1332.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/><ref name=EMA>{{cite web|url=http://www.emazury.com/index.php?JEZ=pl&LIS=miasta&MENU=bartoszyce&GL=bartoszyce1|title=Bartoszyce, eMazury|access-date=June 7, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> ] settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names ''Bartoszyce'' and ''Barsztyn''.<ref name=EMA/> The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: ''Komtur''), ] of Balga, began construction of a ] around the town in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from the Teutonic Grand Master ] in 1332.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/><ref name=EMA>{{cite web|url=http://www.emazury.com/index.php?JEZ=pl&LIS=miasta&MENU=bartoszyce&GL=bartoszyce1|title=Bartoszyce, eMazury|access-date=June 7, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> ] settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names ''Bartoszyce'' and ''Barsztyn''.<ref name=EMA/> The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: ''Komtur''), ] of Balga, began construction of a ] around the town in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


During the ] between the ], allied with the ], and the ] (1454–66), the town sided with Poland and the Confederation. The Teutonic castle was destroyed at the beginning of the war and was not rebuilt afterward.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the ] signed in ] (German: ''Thorn'') in 1466, the town came under Polish ] as a ], remaining part of the ]. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not ''the'' ]).<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic ], upon the request of which Polish King ] incorporated the region and town to the ] in 1454.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=]|language=pl|pages=XXXVII, 54}}</ref> At the beginning of the subsequent ], the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the ] signed in ] in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a ] held by the ].<ref>Górski, pp. 96-97, 214-215</ref> To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not ''the'' ]).<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


===Modern era=== ===Modern era===
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With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the ], established with the consent of the Polish king ], as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to ] in the same year during the ].<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the ], established with the consent of the Polish king ], as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to ] in the same year during the ].<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


Bartenstein became part of the secular ] in 1701 and the Prussian Province of ] in 1773. During the ], Prussia and the ] signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807,<ref name="GB" >''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> the ]. Administrative reform following the ] placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. Bartenstein became part of the secular ] in 1701 and the Prussian Province of ] in 1773. During the ], Prussia and the ] signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807,<ref name="GB">''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> the ]. Administrative reform following the ] placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818.
] ]
The ]-Bartenstein (]–Bartoscyze) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the ], Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in ] during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed ] in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> The ]-Bartenstein (]–Bartoscyze) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the ], Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in ] during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed ] in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


In January 1945 during ], the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the ] ]. As a result of border changes promulgated at the ] (July-August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland. Remaining German residents who had survived were either ] or later ], and the town was repopulated with ]. In January 1945 during ], the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the ] ]. As a result of border changes promulgated at the ] (July-August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime which stayed in power until the ] in the 1980s. Remaining German residents who had survived were either ] or later ], and the town was repopulated with ].


As part of the repressions against the ], the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of ].<ref name=pr>{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/15/Artykul/1262498,Popieluszko-zolnierz-z-Bartoszyc/|title="Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"|website=PolskieRadio.pl|access-date=2 October 2021|language=pl}}</ref> The future priest ] did his military service there in 1966–1968.<ref name=pr/> He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life.<ref name=pr/> There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.
⚫ The town, renamed Bartoszyce, was in ] from 1975–1998. It became part of the ] in 1999.

⚫ Bartoszyce was administratively located in ] from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the ] in 1999.


===Number of inhabitants by year=== ===Number of inhabitants by year===
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* {{in lang|de}} * {{in lang|de}}
*{{in lang|pl}} *{{in lang|pl}}
{{coord|54|15|N|20|49|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
<br /> <br />
{{Bartoszyce County}} {{Bartoszyce County}}

Revision as of 12:11, 2 October 2021

"Bartenstein" redirects here. For the German principality with a similar name, see Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Bartoszyce
Town panorama with the Saint John the Evangelist churchŁyna River in BartoszyceLidzbarska GateSaint Bruno churchConstitution of May 3 Square
  • From top, left to right: Town panorama with the Saint John the Evangelist church
  • Łyna River in Bartoszyce
  • Lidzbarska Gate
  • Saint Bruno church
  • Constitution of May 3 Square
Flag of BartoszyceFlagCoat of arms of BartoszyceCoat of arms
Bartoszyce is located in PolandBartoszyceBartoszyceShow map of PolandBartoszyce is located in Warmian-Masurian VoivodeshipBartoszyceBartoszyceShow map of Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Coordinates: 54°15′N 20°48′E / 54.250°N 20.800°E / 54.250; 20.800
Country Poland
Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian
CountyBartoszyce County
GminaBartoszyce (urban gmina)
Established1240
Town rights1326
Government
 • MayorPiotr Petrykowski
Area
 • Total11 km (4 sq mi)
Population
 • Total23,482
 • Density2,100/km (5,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code11-200
Area code+48 89
Car platesNBA
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.bartoszyce.pl

Bartoszyce (pronounced Barto-shitse , Template:Lang-de, [ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn] ; Template:Lang-lt) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 23,482 inhabitants (as of 2019). It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Geographical location

Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river Łyna River in a valley, approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) east of Elbląg and 55 kilometres (34 miles) south of Kaliningrad, at an altitude of 3 metres (9.8 feet) above sea level.

History

Middle Ages

Gothic Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded 1360–80 and during the 15th century

Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights (the monastic German Order) constructed a castle on the left shore of the Łyna River on the border between the Old Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia. The castle was part of the district (Komturei) of Balga. It was first composed of stone houses, palisades, and earthworks and later built of bricks.

Besieged by the native Old Prussians for four years during an uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it was besieged by another Baltic group, the Sudovians, in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274–80. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the Komtur (administrator) of Balga.

Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name Rosenthal, it received town privileges from the Teutonic Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332. After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare. Poles settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names Bartoszyce and Barsztyn. The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: Komtur), Henning Schindekopf of Balga, began construction of a wall around the town in 1353.

In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. At the beginning of the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward. However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a fief held by the State of the Teutonic Order. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (not the Grand Master).

Modern era

Lidzbarska Gate in the town center

With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia, established with the consent of the Polish king Sigismund I the Old, as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation.

Bartenstein became part of the secular Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807, the Treaty of Bartenstein. Administrative reform following the Napoleonic Wars placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818.

Bartenstein in the early 20th century

The Lyck-Bartenstein (Ełk–Bartoscyze) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army, Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.

In January 1945 during World War II, the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the Soviet Red Army. As a result of border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference (July-August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Remaining German residents who had survived were either evacuated or later expelled, and the town was repopulated with Poles.

As part of the repressions against the Catholic Church, the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of theological seminaries. The future priest Jerzy Popiełuszko did his military service there in 1966–1968. He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life. There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.

Bartoszyce was administratively located in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.

Number of inhabitants by year

Gothic Saint John the Baptist church
Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Stefana Żeromskiego (high school)
Year Number
1729 2,000
1785 2,780
1831 3,603
1875 6,460
1880 7,132
1890 6,442
1905 6,805
1925 7,890
1933 8,717
1939 11,268
2009 24,994

Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.

Notable residents

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Bartoszyce is twinned with:

Popular culture

The town is the location of a scene in Leo Tolstoys War and Peace.

References

  1. "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. ^ Ostpreußen.net. Geschichte der Stadt Bartoszyce - Bartenstein. Accessed 1 April 2007. (in German)
  3. ^ "Bartoszyce, eMazury" (in Polish). Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  4. Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. XXXVII, 54.
  5. Górski, pp. 96-97, 214-215
  6. Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.
  7. ^ ""Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"". PolskieRadio.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  8. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Part I: Topographie von Ost-Preussen, Marienwerder 1785, p. 18, no. 1.
  9. Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Ostpreußen, Kreis Friedland/Bartenstein (2006).
  10. "Miasta Partnerskie". bartoszyce.pl (in Polish). Bartoszyce. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  11. Tolstoy, Leo (1949). War and Peace. Garden City: International Collectors Library.

External links


Gminas of Bartoszyce County
Urban gminas Coat of arms
Urban-rural gminas
Rural gminas
Gmina Bartoszyce
Seat (not part of the gmina)
Villages
Categories: