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Éric Zemmour
Zemmour at the 2012 Paris Book Fair
Born	Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (1958-08-31) 31 August 1958 (age 66) Montreuil, France
Occupation	Essayist, political journalist
Alma mater	Sciences Po
Subject	Political history, cultural evolution, opposition to immigration
Notable works	L'homme qui ne s'aimait pas Le premier sexe Mélancolie française Le Suicide français Destin français La France n'a pas dit son dernier mot
Notable awards	Prix Richelieu Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand
Spouse	Mylène Chichportich
Children	Clarisse, Hugo and Thibault Zemmour
Website
www.youtube.com/c/ÉricZemmourOfficiel

Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (French pronunciation: [eʁik zemuʁ]; born 31 August 1958) is a French political polemicist, journalist, essayist, writer and television pundit. He is commonly considered to be far-right by media organisations, but politically self-identifies between Gaullism and Bonapartism, A household name in his homeland, he gained international attention with the publication of The French Suicide (French: Le Suicide français), a best-seller book which sold more that 500,000 copies in 2014 and for which he was awarded the 2015 Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand. Zemmour also received the 2011 Prix Richelieu for the whole of his career as a journalist.

Born in Montreuil, Zemmour studied at Sciences Po. He worked as a reporter for Le Quotidien de Paris from 1986 until 1996 and for Le Figaro until he was dismissed in 2009 after a controversy erupted over statements he had made, for which he was convicted of incitement to racial discrimination. He was fined €2,000 by the court. He continued thereafter to write for Le Figaro Magazine as a columnist. Zemmour appeared as a television personality on shows such as On n'est pas couché on France 2 (2006–2011), Ça se dispute on I-Télé (2003–2014) and Face à l'Info on CNews (2019–2021). He also appeared on Zemmour et Naulleau from 2011 to 2021, a weekly evening talk show hosted by Anaïs Bouton on Paris Première, together with literary critic Éric Naulleau. Zemmour worked in parallel for RTL from 2010 until 2019, first hosting the radio show Z comme Zemmour, prior to joining Yves Calvi's morning news show as an analyst.

In a 2021 article, The New York Times described Zemmour as someone who "has portrayed himself as a truth-teller in a news media dominated by politically correct, left-leaning journalists. He has railed against the immigration of Muslim Africans, invoking the supposed existential threat of a 'great replacement' — a loaded term that even Ms. Le Pen has avoided — that will overwhelm France’s more established white and Christian population". He has extensively discussed the Great Replacement conspiracy theory and the Clash of Civilisations, as well as advocated for vast reforms to France's political system. Zemmour has been considered in news media as a possible right-wing anti-establishment candidate in the 2022 presidential election. He remains publicly undecided about a run for office.

Life and career

Early life

Éric Zemmour was born in Montreuil, then in Seine, nowadays in Seine-Saint-Denis, on 31 August 1958, to a Berber Jewish family from Algeria of French citizenship that came to metropolitan France during the Algerian War. He grew up in Drancy and later in the Paris quarter of Château Rouge. The son of Roger Zemmour (a paramedic) and his wife Lucette, a housewife, he has said he admires his mother and grandmother, as his father was often absent; he was raised by women "who taught to be a man".

Education

Zemmour graduated from the Institut d'études politiques de Paris in 1979. He then twice failed to gain admission to the École nationale d'administration (ÉNA). Despite his failure to gain admission to the École nationale d'administration, his status as a political journalist allowed him to be a member of the admissions committee of the school in 2006.

Political journalist

He began his career in 1986 at Le Quotidien de Paris, under the leadership of Philippe Tesson, as a journalist at the politics desk. After the newspaper went out of business in 1994, he became an editorialist at Info-Matin, where he stayed one year. He then joined the editorship of Le Figaro in 1996 as a political journalist. During this period, Zemmour was also a freelance journalist for Marianne in 1997 and for Valeurs actuelles in 1999. In 2010, he was moved by Le Figaro to Le Figaro Magazine, allegedly after making controversial statements in other media but in fact because his salary was too high for a low weekly production. He was moved back to Le Figaro as a permanent journalist in 2013, where he has been writing regularly since, until he suspended his collaboration in September 2021 due the the promotion of his new book. He is also a political columnist at Le Spectacle du Monde.

Writer and essayist

Zemmour has written biographies of Édouard Balladur (Balladur, immobile à grands pas, or "Balladur, Rapidly Motionless") and Jacques Chirac (L'Homme qui ne s'aimait pas, or "The Man Who Did Not Like Himself") along with political essays. Notably, in 2006 he published Le premier sexe ("The First Sex"), a book on what he considers to be the feminisation of society. He worked on the screenplay for the film Dans la peau de Jacques Chirac by Michel Royer and Karl Zéro, although the latter stated that Zemmour's writing saw limited use. In March 2010, with Mélancolie française which won the "Prix du livre incorrect" ("Incorrect book Award"), he revisits the history of France. Zemmour's 2014 book Le Suicide français ("The French Suicide"), which sold over 500,000 copies, remains his best literary success.

Television and radio personality

Beginning in September 2003, he participated every week on the show Ça se dispute on the 24-hour news channel i>Télé opposite Nicolas Domenach (Christophe Barbier until 2006). The channel decided to stop the programme in December 2014. He also appeared on Vendredi pétantes on Canal+ until June 2006. Starting September 2006, he rejoined France 2 to participate on the show On n'est pas couché, hosted by Laurent Ruquier, accompanied by Michel Polac and then Éric Naulleau, where they were responsible for presenting honest criticism of films, books or albums most notably. During the show, their exchanges with cultural figures sometimes ended in clashes. On 27 May 2011, Ruquier announced in Le Parisien that he was replacing Zemmour and Naulleau with new contributors for the next season of On n'est pas couché.

Éric Zemmour was also a participant on the show L'Hebdo as an editorialist on Tempo, a channel for the overseas departments and territories; he was accompanied by, among others, sociologist Dominique Wolton. Finally, he was on the cable network Histoire on the show Le grand débat, hosted by Michel Field. From 4 January 2010, he also presented a short piece on RTL entitled Z comme Zemmour every Monday and Friday, during which he analyses the news. From September 2011, he was a weekly guest on Zemmour et Naulleau alongside Éric Naulleau, an evening talk show on Paris Première. By 2021, Zemmour's show received about 900,000 nightly viewers, ten times higher than in 2019.

In 2015, following the Charlie Hebdo shooting, Zemmour was temporarily placed under armed police protection. On 30 April 2020, Zemmour was insulted and threatened in Paris as he was walking alone with grocery bags. The incident was recorded by the perpetrator himself who posted the video on social media, boasting about his act as Zemmour was filmed ignoring the man and trying to walk away. Shortly thereafter, Zemmour received a phone call from President Emmanuel Macron during which they discussed the incident. The perpetrator, who later also recorded himself saying Zemmour is "too strong in debate, what do you want to do except insult him", received a suspended prison sentence of three months on 8 September 2020. On 27 September 2021, Zemmour was again threatened in Paris, when a man shouted a death threat in the name of Islam.

Candidacy in the 2022 presidential election

Zemmour has been urged several times by political friends to run for office. He has so far always declined the proposition, but does not deny wanting to play a role in the 2022 presidential campaign. He commented on this matter in an interview in June 2021 broadcast by "Livre noir", which has nearly 1,000,000 views on YouTube.

In 2021, he engaged in a national tour of France for the promotion of his new book, La France n'a pas dit son dernier mot, published on 15 September. It sold over 80,000 copies in the first four days, and 165,000 copies in the first 3 weeks. Guest on France 2 on 11 September in Laurent Ruquier's On est en direct programme, Zemmour suggested that the announcement of his candidacy was only a matter of time: "For now, I am not a candidate. When I want to be a candidate, I will say that I am a candidate. When I decide, I will say it. For now, I am thinking. There are people, for many years, months, for years, who pushed me to be a candidate, who think that it is I who have the right ideas for France", he indicated. He reiterated this position throughout September on RTL, BFMTV, CNews and LCI. On 28 September, Le Parisien revealed that Éric Zemmour already has at his disposal a large office space, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, rented by the association "The Friends of Éric Zemmour".

Interviewed by Elisabeth Zerofsky for a New York Times article, Raphaël Glucksmann described Zemmour as having "a very clear ambition, which is to erase the divide between the republican right and the far-right under the banner of the far-right". In a radio show on France Inter in September 2017, Zerofsky reported, Zemmour told Glucksmann: "You have understood me very well".

Polls for the 2022 presidential election

His candidacy has been tested in several polls since June 2021. The first time he appeared in a poll, in June 2021, the Institut français d'opinion publique (IFOP) credited him of 5.5% of the vote.

In August 2021, he was credited with 7% of voting intentions according to Ipsos. On 14 September he was credited by Harris Interactive with 10% of voting intentions, on 21 September with 11%, as well as on 29 September with 13 to 14% of voting intentions. Harris Interactive, one of the major French polling institutes, is now regularly and closely following his ascension. On 29 September 2021, Valeurs actuelles titled a YouTube interview with Zemmour as "The Rocket Zemmour".

On 1 October 2021, with 15% of voting intentions, he passed in front of all the right-wing candidates for the first time, reaching the third place of all candidates with only 1 point behind National Rally candidate Marine Le Pen. Hence, he was placed in a potentially competitive position to reach the second round of the election. In this Ipsos Sopra-Steria survey in partnership with France Info, President Emmanuel Macron leads with around 25%, followed by Marine Le Pen (around 16%). Éric Zemmour follows behind at 15%. The right-wing candidates, who will face off at a The Republicans congress on 8 December, come behind in every tested hypothesis: Xavier Bertrand (14%), Valérie Pécresse (12%), Michel Barnier (11%).

On 6 October 2021, Zemmour reached 17% of voting intentions and the second place of all candidates, qualifying for the first time of all polls for the second round of the election: In this Harris Interactive survey for the economic magazine Challenges, President Emmanuel Macron leads with around 24%, as Marine Le Pen is falling to 15% of voting intentions. The right-wing candidates come behind Zemmour: Xavier Bertrand (13%), Valérie Pécresse (11%), Michel Barnier (10%). The managing director of Harris Interactive, Jean-Daniel Lévy, did not hide his astonishment: "We have never seen such a meteoric rise in such a short time".

Overview of political positions

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Zemmour identifies his political leanings with Gaullism and Bonapartism.

Since 2014, Éric Zemmour has been commonly presented as a "far-right pundit" in French media. Historian Laurent Joly considers in 2015 that "since Barrès and Maurras, no other intellectual, journalist or writer has had this status as a broker of far-right ideas with a very large readership".

On the contrary, Jean-Yves Camus, a researcher at the Institut de relations internationales et stratégiques (IRIS) since 2006 and president of the Observatoire des radicalités politiques at the centre-left think tank Fondation Jean-Jaurès since 2014, who is a worldwide recognised specialist of this political field in France, states that Zemmour cannot be qualified as belonging to the far-right. He explains why: "Far-right, we must not exaggerate. The far-right inevitably refers to the fascist, Nazi experiences, to collaboration. Éric Zemmour may have had extremely hazardous historical analyses, in particular on Marshal Pétain and the fate of the Jews during the Second World War. But that he is not fascist, that seems absolutely obvious to me".

Many other French media outlets also present him "on the right", or even in the "conservative right", or as Gaullist, or in the "sovereignist right", or in the "radical right", or in the "radical and identitary right".

Social and economic issues

As a result of the views that he regularly expresses on television and in his editorials in Le Figaro, Zemmour is widely perceived, according to current mainstream categories, to be situated firmly on the right of the political spectrum, but he also claims not to vote according to right-wing or left-wing politics. He declares himself to be of the Gaullist or Bonapartist tradition while acknowledging the relevance of Marxist analyses, particularly concerning the sources of profit in capitalism, including immigration. According to him, capitalism destroys traditional structures like the family in order to impose the rule of the market, an upheaval that has been apparent since the events of May 1968.

He takes a conservative stance on social issues and is also somewhat resolutely anti-liberal on economic issues. He thus identifies himself as a reactionary in opposition to a society that deconstructs social order, in particular the family and traditions, in the service of a false goal, liberating the individual who in reality finds himself isolated and reduced to the sole status of a consumer. He presents reaction as subversive in the light of the fact that progressives, today dominant in the fields of culture and media, cannot claim to criticise the established order since they themselves constitute this order and fix its norms.

Economically anti-liberal, his disapproval of free trade drives him to oppose European federalism and the European Union, which he considers to be clearly in favour of the free movement of goods and in deep conflict with the French social model. According to him, because of the European Union, the left, like the right, must apply "the same economic policy, social liberalism or liberal socialism" because, in the words of Philippe Séguin, "right and left are retailers of the same wholesaler, Europe".

Immigration and assimilation

A member of the French assimilationist tradition, Zemmour strongly opposes mass immigration and the current model of integrating immigrants which he considers to be too lenient in comparison to its predecessors. In November 2008, he gave an interview to the monthly Le Choc du mois where he compared immigration to a "demographic tsunami" He has also come out in favour of the Thierry Mariani amendment, which would require genetic tests in order to qualify for family reunification. On numerous occasions, he has declared that he is for assimilation, even if he himself considers it "neurotic". In particular, he expresses a nostalgia for the era of his youth, the 1960s, when he believes there was a cultural unity.

All his recurring views on the theme of immigration, as well as his virulent attacks against certain organisations (DAL and SOS Racisme in particular) are regularly the subject of controversy.

Zemmour has promoted the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, contending that France's population will be replaced by immigrants.

Zemmour has supported Rattachism.

Human rights

Éric Zemmour often expresses opinions that he describes as "anti-human-rights-doctrine", thus bringing himself in opposition to some politicians (Bernard Kouchner), writers (Bernard-Henri Lévy), as well as organisations advocating the right to humanitarian intervention, which he considers to be a form of neocolonialism.

Race and anti-racism issues

Comments on race

Éric Zemmour declared on Arte on 13 November 2008, while he was on the show Paris/Berlin: the debate hosted by Isabelle Giordano, that blacks and whites belonged to two different races and that this difference was discernible by skin colour, without ranking them hierarchically. He asserted that Melanesians and Antilleans belonged to the same race: "If there is no such thing as race, there is no such thing as intermixing". He continued, "The sacralisation of race during the Nazi period and earlier has been followed by the negation of race. And to me, they are both equally ridiculous".

The philosopher Vincent Cespedes, who was on the show, exercised his right of reply by writing up a response on the website of Arte and responded to the "Zemmourists" on his blog. Following a number of controversies on the Internet as a result of his comments, Zemmour also published a reply in the weekly Vendredi.

Faced with the general outcry caused by the views expressed by Éric Zemmour during the show, the deputy manager of programmes for the Arte channel explained in Télérama: "I did not think he would express himself in such a clumsy way! Our channel, of course, is not associated with Zemmour's views.... we will think twice before inviting him again!" By February 2019, for provocation to racial discrimination, he had been fined €2,000 by a French court.

Anti-racism

Zemmour says he would like to put on trial the anti-racism of the 1980s, which he considers, along with feminism, to be a "bien-pensant cause" derived from the "milieu of French and Western pseudo-elites" that the people will not follow in the least. He says that it was especially after having "read Pierre-André Taguieff" who is known for his positions and work on the Nouvelle Droite and anti-racism that he "understood that anti-racist progressivism was the successor of communism, with the same totalitarian methods developed by the Comintern during the 1930s". According to him, anti-racism is a tactic initiated by François Mitterrand to make people forget the left's turn to economic liberalism in 1983. He claims that anti-racism is an ideology implemented by former leftists who had had to give up their illusions. With immigrants, these people had found a kind of alternative revolutionary people.

Feminism and homosexuality

In Le premier sexe, he claims the existence of the "devirilisation" of society during the 20th century and asserts that women and homosexuals have been used as a reserve army to satisfy modern capitalism's need for consumers. He accuses feminists of being demagogues and verging into political correctness in denying or rejecting the history of French society and psychological work of Freud: "I note only that Freud is vehemently rejected today by all the bien-pensants, feminists and other activists for same-sex parents". He believes that man is by nature a sexual predator who uses violence. In a parallel to this definition of virility as sexual predation, he believes that certain eras defined the role of women better than others.

He believes the "gay ideology" to be one of the main means used to invite a "man to become a woman like the others", to adopt the behaviour of women. However, he differentiates homosexuals as individuals from gays as a group. In his book Petit Frère, a character ponders the place to be given to homosexual individuals: "In every traditional society, founded on shame and secrecy, respect for life and the fear of death, "gays" would have been stigmatised and isolated, like the lepers of old". Zemmour does not fail, afterwards, to explain that these are the views of characters in a novel.

Controversies and conflicts with opponents

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The subjects Zemmour addresses as well as the positions he defends have earned him a number of strong opponents and supporters. According to an article by François Dufay, La fronde des intellos (literal translation: "The upheaval of the intellectuals"), in the June 2002 edition of Le Point, Jean-Marie Le Pen reportedly said that " only three journalists who behave properly with respect to " are Élisabeth Lévy, Éric Zemmour and Serge Moati. Zemmour noted during an interview: "I think he meant that with an ironic wink: it refers to his famous declaration fifteen years ago that caused such a scandal when he criticised Elkabbach, Levaï, who were all Jewish, and you will note that the three who he noted treat him well are also all Jewish... And he knows that quite well, and everyone knows that quite well".

On 25 March 2009, he filed a complaint against the French rapper Youssoupha for "criminal threats and public abuse" after the uploading of the song "Because of saying it" in which Zemmour was attacked ad hominem: "Because of judging our faces, people know, that talking heads often demonise the ghetto-dwellers, each time it blows up they say it's us, I put a price on the head of the one who silences this asshole Éric Zemmour". The rapper had clarified in a previous interview in the newspaper Le Parisien that he was not advocating silencing Zemmour by force, but rather by argument: "Silencing, it means putting him in his place. (...) The words do not refer to murder, or aggression, or injuries... I did not want to either have him killed or to deprive him of his freedom of expression. Silencing, it means to put him in his place, to expose him to his own contradictions". The album was finally released on 12 October 2009, with an expurgated version of the controversial track in which Zemmour's name is scrambled out. On 26 October 2011, Zemmour won his suit against the rapper and the director general of EMI Music France, Valérie Queinnec.

On 5 March 2011, some voices were raised against Zemmour and called for Rémy Pflimlin, the CEO of France Télévisions, to suspend Zemmour's collaboration with France 2, which he refused to do. The president of SOS Racisme, Dominique Sopo, wrote him a letter and demanded sanctions, after which it was the turn of the General Confederation of Labour to demand a reaction from Pfimlin.

On 17 November 2015, four days after the 13 November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks, Zemmour stated on RTL: "Instead of bombing Raqqa, France should bomb Molenbeek from which the Friday 13 commandos came". This caused outrage in Belgium. In a 24 March 2016 column, Zemmour added: "Molenbeeks, France is full of them. France creates them in abundance".

On 18 September 2018, Zemmour created a controversy around his opinion of the first name of columnist Hapsatou Sy on the TV programme Les terriens du dimanche hosted by Thierry Ardisson. His words "It's your first name that is an insult to France", adding "first names embody the history of France" were cut at the editing of the show but rebroadcast by Sy. She then asked him "What would you like my name to be?" to which he answered "Corinne, that would suit you very well". She decided to file a complaint against Zemmour.

In 2020, whilst commenting footage that showed four policemen hitting a black man in Paris, Zemmour responded to accusations of racism levelled at the involved policemen by saying "I can hardly see getting up in the morning and telling themselves: 'Here, I'm going to break my career and I'm going to hit a black guy'", although he recognised "that does not mean that they were right" to do what they did. He also questioned the victim's judicial history.

The following year, in his book La France n'a pas dit son dernier mot, Zemmour states Seine-Saint-Denis—the northern suburbs of Paris known for their large Muslim population—has become a "foreign enclave under the reign of Allah", a remark which angered local politicians.

On 11 September 2021, Zemmour stated about the 2012 Toulouse and Montauban shootings: "The family of Mohammed Merah asked to bury him on the land of his ancestors in Algeria. It was also known that the Jewish children murdered in front of the denominational school in Toulouse would be buried in Israel. Anthropologists have taught us that we are from the country where we are buried. Assassins or innocents, executioners or victims, enemies or friends, they wanted to live in France, (...) but when it comes to leaving their bones, they especially did not choose France, foreigners above all". This caused controversy among Jewish communities in France.

In 2021, Zemmour was publicly accused of inappropriate sexual behaviour by several women, but no judicial proceedings followed.

Cases before French jurisdictions

As of 2021, Éric Zemmour has been convicted once by French jurisdictions for provocation to racial discrimination. He did not appeal his 2011 conviction. A 2015 conviction for provocation to racial discrimination was maintained upon appeal in 2016, but invalidated by the Court of Cassation, which ordered for a new trial to take place. Zemmour was then cleared of all charges in 2018. A 2018 conviction is currently pending in front of the European Court of Human Rights and thus not definitive. A 2020 conviction was overturned upon appeal in 2021, as Zemmour was again cleared of all charges by the court.

Conviction for provocation to racial discrimination

The International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA) decided to launch legal proceedings against Éric Zemmour for his views after the 6 March 2010 broadcast of Salut les Terriens presented by Thierry Ardisson, where he promoted his book Mélancolie française. He declared during the show that: "French people with an immigrant background were profiled because most traffickers are Blacks and Arabs... it is a fact". The same day, he asserted on France Ô that employers "had the right to refuse Arabs or blacks". The Club Averroes and the MRAP submitted the case to the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel after the legal proceedings brought by the LICRA. Éric Zemmour was supported by several personnalities, including the founder of Reporters Without Borders, journalist and right-wing Mayor of Béziers, Robert Ménard.
On 23 March 2010, he wrote a letter to the LICRA explaining his views. In this letter he particularly observed the views of Christian Delorme before a parliamentary commission of the Senate. He cited the book L'Islam dans les prisons by Farhad Khosrokhavar, who confirmed the figure of 70 or 80% of "Muslims in prison" estimated in a survey commissioned by the Ministry of Justice.
Following this letter, the International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA) decided to withdraw its legal proceedings against Éric Zemmour.

On 30 March 2010, Éric Zemmour was summoned by SOS Racisme to appear in court on 29 June 2010, where he "will have to answer for the offense of racial defamation and incitement to racial hatred." Meanwhile, these views and the trial were given international scope by an article devoted to them and to Zemmour in The New York Times in February 2011. During the trial, Zemmour received testimony in his favour from journalist Robert Ménard, his fellow columnist Éric Naulleau, writer Denis Tillinac, politician Claude Goasguen and essayist Xavier Raufer.

On 18 February 2011, in a first judgment, the 17th chamber of the court of Paris acquitted Éric Zemmour of the offense of defamation for the remarks on the traffickers. These words may be "shocking", writes the court, but they are not "defamatory". On the other hand, the media man was condemned to a 1,000 euros fine suspended for having, on France Ô, "justified an illegal discriminatory practice - discrimination in hiring - by presenting it as lawful". In a second judgment, the 17th chamber only retained the offense of provocation to racial discrimination and sentenced Éric Zemmour to a suspended fine of 1,000 euros.

On 2 March 2011, invited by Hervé Novelli and given an ovation by the members of Parliament from the Union for a Popular Movement at the national convention of The Reformers, Éric Zemmour suggested doing away with the laws on racial discrimination, the memorial laws, prosecutions by anti-racist organisations and subsidies to them in a speech to the UMP members of Parliament.

Cases won by Éric Zemmour

In 2008, following the publication of his novel Petit Frère, in which a Jew is attacked by a young North African in a parking lot, Zemmour admits to having been inspired by a news item that occurred five years earlier: the murder of Sébastien Selam by Adel Amastaibou. Selam was a childhood friend and next door neighbour of Amastaibou. Zemmour was sued by the family of Selam who demanded the book be banned. According to the family lawyer, in the novel, the victim is described as a "bad Jew, his mother defamed and his grandfather accused of the worst evils". Zemmour won the case.

On June 17, 2014, the Superior Audiovisual Council (CSA), seized by the Representative Council of Black Associations (CRAN), “strongly warns” RTL after a column by Eric Zemmour broadcast on May 6, judging the remarks made "likely to encourage discriminatory behavior vis-à-vis expressly designated populations, and to be able to incite hatred or violence against them". The incriminated words are: “Our territory, deprived of the protection of its old borders, is reviving in the cities, but also in the countryside, with the great raids, the looting of yesteryear. The Normans, the Huns, the Arabs, the great invasions after the fall of Rome are now replaced by bands of Chechens, Roma, Kosovars, North Africans, Africans, who rob, violate or rob. " The CSA also considered that RTL had "failed, by allowing the broadcasting of these remarks, to control the broadcast", recalling that the chronicle had been communicated beforehand by its author to the managers of the station. Prosecuted for "incitement to racial hatred" for these comments, Eric Zemmour was released in September 2015 by the Paris Criminal Court, which ruled that "as excessive, shocking or provocative as these comments may seem", they do not apply “only to a fraction of the targeted communities and not to them as a whole”. The Court of Appeal confirmed the acquittal on June 22, 2016.

On October 30, 2014, he told the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera: “Muslims have their civil code, it is the Koran. They live among themselves, in the outskirts. The French were forced to leave". The journalist then asks him: "But don't you think that it is unrealistic to think that we take millions of people, we put them on planes to hunt them?" Zemmour replies, “I know, it's unrealistic, but the story is surprising. Who would have said in 1940 that a million pieds-noirs, twenty years later, would have left Algeria to return to France? Or that after the war five or six million Germans would have abandoned central and eastern Europe where they had lived for centuries?". On December 17, 2015, Zemmour was sentenced at first instance to a fine of 3,000 euros, for inciting hatred against Muslims. The conviction was confirmed by the Paris Court of Appeal on November 17. In January 2018, the Cour de Cassation overturned the conviction. Éric Zemmour was released on November 29, 2018, by the Paris Court of Appeal, the judges considering that "it is not proven that Eric Zemmour, prosecuted as an interviewee, knew that this newspaper was published in France".

On May 12, 2016, Éric Zemmour declared on RTL that by publishing Denis Baupin's telephone exchanges, "Mediapart violated all the rules of respect for private life" and that these journalists are "also and above all the consenting instruments of Cécile Duflot's political revenge against Emmanuelle Cosse, Denis Baupin's companion, who betrayed her for a ministerial dish of lentils”. On February 6, 2018, the Paris Criminal Court released Éric Zemmour, finding that his allegations against Cécile Duflot were not defamatory.

On February 2, 2017, Éric Zemmour declared on RTL: “Non-discrimination is misrepresented as a synonym of equality whereas over time it has become a machine to disintegrate the Nation, the family, society in the name of the rights of an individual king”. On June 14, 2017, RTL was put on formal notice by the CSA for having broadcast a “praise of discrimination” without any “contradiction or putting into perspective”. On October 15, 2018, the Conseill d'Etat cancelled the decision of the CSA.

On September 25, 2020, the Paris court sentences Éric Zemmour to a fine of 10,000 euros for "insult and incitement to hatred", because of the comments he had made in September 2019 during a violent speech to the against Muslims and immigration, at the opening of the right-wing convention organized by relatives of Marion Maréchal. In its judgment, the court considers that, "by distinguishing among the French all the Muslims opposed to the "ethnic French" and by designating them, as well as the Muslim immigrants living in France, not only as criminals perpetrators of the terrorist attacks. 2015 but like former colonized people who became colonizers”, the remarks made “constitute an exhortation, sometimes implicit and sometimes explicit, to discrimination and hatred towards the Muslim community and its religion”.
Éric Zemmour appealed. The appeal hearing took place on June 2, 2021. The Paris Court of Appeal pronounced his release on September 8, 2021. In the reasons for its judgment, the court of appeal ruled that "none of the statements pursued target all Africans, immigrants or Muslims but only fractions of these groups”. "There is no justification for remarks targeting a group of people as a whole because of their origin or their belonging or not belonging to a particular ethnicity, nation, race or religion," the court added, "from where it follows that the prosecuted offenses are not constituted." The general prosecutor's office has filed a cassation appeal, which is pending.

Publications

Non-fiction

• 1995: Balladur, immobile à grands pas, Grasset ISBN 978-2-246-48971-9
• 1998: Le Livre noir de la droite, Grasset et Fasquelle ISBN 978-2-246-56251-1
• 1998: Le Coup d'État des juges, Grasset et Fasquelle ISBN 978-2-246-52551-6
• 1998: Une certaine idée de la France, collectif, France-Empire ISBN 978-2-7048-0872-4
• 2000: Les Rats de garde, in collaboration with Patrick Poivre d'Arvor, Stock ISBN 978-2-234-05217-8
• 2002: L'Homme qui ne s'aimait pas, Balland ISBN 978-2-7158-1408-0
• 2006: Le premier sexe, Denoël, ISBN 978-2-207-25744-9 – republished J'ai lu, 2009
• 2010: Mélancolie française, Fayard /Denoël ISBN 978-2-213-65450-8 – republished Le Livre de Poche, 2011.
• 2011: Z comme Zemmour, Le Cherche midi ISBN 978-2-7491-1865-9
• 2012: Le Bûcher des vaniteux, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226240248
• 2013: Le Bûcher des vaniteux 2, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226245410
• 2014: Le Suicide français, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226254757
• 2016: Un quinquennat pour rien, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226320087
• 2018: Destin français, Albin Michel ISBN 9782226320070
• 2021: La France n'a pas dit son dernier mot, Rubempré ISBN 9782957930500

Novels

• 1999: Le Dandy rouge, Plon ISBN 978-2-259-19058-9
• 2004: L'Autre, Denoël ISBN 978-2-207-25496-7
• 2008: Petit Frère, Denoël ISBN 978-2-207-25668-8 – republished J'ai lu, 2009

Prizes

• 2010 Prix de la Liberté d'expression (Enquête & Débat)
• 2010 Prix du livre incorrect
• 2011 Prix Richelieu (Association de Défense de la langue française)
• 2015 Prix Combourg-Chateaubriand (Académie Chateaubriand)

Books on Éric Zemmour

• Chems-Eddine Hafiz, De quoi Zemmour est devenu le nom, Éditions du Moment, Paris, 2010, page 128 ISBN 978-2-35417-107-0
• Mohamed Sifaoui, Éric Zemmour, une supercherie française, Armand Colin, Paris, 2010, pages 251 ISBN 978-2-200-25559-6
• Shlomo Sand, The End of the French Intellectual, a critique of three French intellectuals including Zemmour

Notes

1. Éric Zemmour is commonly presented as a far-right pundit by: La Croix, Le Point, Marianne, Le Monde, Challenges, Europe 1, LCI, France Bleu, 20 Minutes, Le HuffPost, Le Parisien, La Voix du Nord, Le Courrier picard, La Provence, Libération, Mediapart, L'Obs, Les Inrocks, L'Humanité, Numérama, Charlie Hebdo, Acrimed, Arrêt sur images, Juriguide, Le Courrier de l'Atlas, Jeune Afrique, Streetpress.
2. Many other French media outlets also present him "on the right", or even in the "conservative right", or as Gaullist, or in the "sovereignist right", or in the "radical right", or in the "radical and identitary right": L'Express, Libération, La Presse.ca, Entreprendre, Le JDD, Midi Libre, Nice-Presse, Ouest-France, France inter, Courrier international - Il Foglio, Vanity Fair, Le Parisien, L'Obs, L'Opinion, LCI, Le Soir.be
4. Jean-Yves Camus is a Senior Fellow at the Center for the Analysis of the Radical Right (CARR) and the Director of the Observatory of Political Radicalism at Foundation Jean Jaures. He also sits on the Scientific Board of the Délégation interministérielle pour la lutte contre le racisme, l’antisémitisme et la lutte contre l’homophobie (DILCRAH). Prior to this, he was the research director at the European Center for Research on Racism and Anti-Semitism (CERA) in Paris. He is the author of seven books in French about the Front National and the Radical Right in France, including "Les droites nationales et radicales en France" (1992, with René Monzat); "Le Front national, histoire et analyse" (Éditions Olivier Laurens, 1996), "Le Front national" (Éditions Milan), and "Extrémismes en France : faut-il en avoir peur ?" (Éditions Milan, 2006). He has edited "Les Extrémismes en Europe" (La Tour d’Aigues, éditions de l’Aube, 1998). Additionally, Camus has published scholarly articles and opinion pieces on the Front National, the Radical Right, anti-Semitism, and racism in France and has contributed to many edited volumes in English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and other languages. With Nicolas Lebourg, he recently co-authored "The Extremes Rights in Europe" (Harvard University Press, 2017).
5. Many other French media outlets also present him "on the right", or even in the "conservative right", or as Gaullist, or in the "sovereignist right", or in the "radical right", or in the "radical and identitary right": L'Express, Libération, La Presse.ca, Entreprendre, Le JDD, Midi Libre, Nice-Presse, Ouest-France, France inter, Courrier international - Il Foglio, Vanity Fair, Le Parisien, L'Obs, L'Opinion, LCI, Le Soir.be
6. Moreover, in addition to the fine, the first judgment sentenced him to pay €1,000 in damages and interest and €2,000 in legal costs to each of the three organisations (totalling €9,000) and the second sentenced him to pay one euro to each of the civil parties and €750 in legal costs (totalling €1,502)
7. He must also pay 1 euro to each of the civil parties, plus 750 euros in legal costs, for a total of 1,502 euros. The two judgments will finally have to be published in the press.
8. Éric Zemmour was also ordered to pay one euro in damages and 1,500 euros for legal costs to eight civil party associations, including the Human Rights League (LDH) and SOS Racisme.

References

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4. ""Le Figaro" lance une nouvelle formule et veut faire payer plus d'articles sur le Net". Le Monde. 2013-03-28.
5. "Éric Zemmour condamné pour provocation à la discrimination raciale". Le Point (in French). 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2021-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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7. ^ Zerofsky, Elisabeth (6 February 2019). "The Right-Wing Pundit 'Hashtag Triggering' France". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
8. (in French) Zemmour et Naulleau : les snipers du PAF à l'antenne le 23 septembre, tele.premiere.fr.
9. ^ Norimitsu, Onishi (21 September 2021). "'From TV to the French Presidency? A Right-Wing Star Is Inspired by Trump'". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
10. ""Enclaves étrangères" : la Seine-Saint-Denis n'exclut pas de porter plainte contre Eric Zemmour", LCI (in French), 10 September 2021.
11. "Samuel Huntington au cœur des débats dans la prochaine élection présidentielle ?", Atlantico (in French), 16 September 2021.
12. "Élection Présidentielle : Eric Zemmour sera-t-il candidat ?", www.francetvinfo.fr (in French), 7 March 2021.
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14. (in French) Les Grandes Gueules, 7 January 2008, video: "I come from North Africa. My ancestors were Berber Jews. ... They lived with the Arabs for 1,000 years."
15. According to 7 January 2008, Grandes Gueules programme, published on the blog of Grandes Gueules, Éric Zemmour was invited at 1 p.m. to present his book Petit Frère
16. (in French) Éric Zemmour: "I am not asking for the francization of surnames", Article in L'Express by Laurent Martinet, published on 11 March 2010: "I was born in Montreuil in Seine-Saint-Denis. I am therefore not an immigrant ... and my parents were French. But my origins are indeed Berber and my name does indeed mean 'olive' in Berber."
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35. "Le regard libre d'Elisabeth Lévy - "Ils sont Zemmour", conversion générale au pluralisme", Sud Radio (in French), 4 May 2020.
36. "Eric Zemmour insulté dans la rue : trois mois de prison avec sursis pour son agresseur", Le Parisien (in French), 9 September 2020.
37. "Éric Zemmour menacé de mort en pleine rue à Paris, enquête ouverte", Le Figaro (in French), 27 September 2021.
38. Eric Zemmour 2022 : qui sont ceux qui veulent le voir devenir président ?, TMC (in French), 30 April 2021.
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47. "Eric Zemmour dans le Grand Rendez-Vous Europe 1 Cnews du 26 septembre 2021 (intégrale)" – via www.youtube.com.
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49. Alex, Par Jean-Michel Décugis et; à 13h11, re Sulzer Le 28 septembre 2021 (28 September 2021). "Présidentielle : Éric Zemmour n'est pas encore candidat... mais il a déjà un QG de campagne". leparisien.fr.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
50. ^ "Comment l'Ifop et Le Point ont décidé de tester la candidature d'Eric Zemmour". La Revue des Médias.
51. "Liste de sondages sur l'élection présidentielle française de 2022". 3 October 2021 – via Misplaced Pages.
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59. "For the first time, a poll places Éric Zemmour in the second round of the presidential election – BFMTV". alwaysfreshnews.com.
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61. "Un sondage donne pour la première fois Éric Zemmour qualifié au second tour de la présidentielle". lefigaro.fr.
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64. "Zemmour: "Nous sommes nombreux à ne plus reconnaître la France"". bfmtv.com (in French). 2014-10-13.
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66. "Pourquoi le potentiel électoral de Zemmour et Onfray discrédite la politique". Challenges (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
67. "Le CSA annonce 70.000 plaintes et saisines reçues en 2019". Europe 1 (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
68. "Indignation autour de la commémoration de Maurras, le ministère de la Culture se justifie". LCI (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
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70. Domenach, Hugo (2019-04-12). "Européennes : Marion Maréchal et Éric Zemmour ont envisagé de faire liste commune". Le Point (in French). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
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78. On n'est pas couché on YouTube on 8 September 2007.
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83. Recurring themes on Ça se dispute and in his editorials in Le Figaro; set forth in particular during his interview with François Bayrou in On n'est pas couché on 1 December 2007.
84. Ça se dispute, i>Télé, September 2007
85. Interview with François Bayrou on the TV show On n'est pas couché on 1 December 2007.
86. Fabrice Madouas, « Éric Zemmour : "La droite a perdu ses repères" », Valeurs actuelles, 25 March 2010.
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94. Paris/Berlin : le débat, transcript of the 13 November 2008, show.
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99. Interview with Éric Zemmour by Monique Atlan on the show "Quelle étagère...", 14 January 2008
100. Éric Zemmour, Immigration : le réel interdit, Le Monde, 12 October 2007.
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104. Le Premier sexe, pp. 32 et 33.
105. Le Premier sexe, p. 67.
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109. à 07h00, Le 21 mars 2009 (21 March 2009). "Un rappeur s'en prend à Eric Zemmour". leparisien.fr.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
110. "E.Zemmour fait condamner un rappeur". Le Figao.fr (in French). 26 October 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
111. Rémy Pflimlin ne désavoue pas Éric Zemmour.
112. "TéléObs: toute l'actu télé, ciné et musique". L'Obs. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
113. Lettre ouverte de la CGT (in French).
114. "Attentats: Zemmour ironise sur un "bombardement" de Molenbeek, la bourgmestre s'indigne", Le Point (in French), 17 November 2015
115. "Éric Zemmour : «Molenbeek est en France !»", Le Figaro (in French), 24 March 2016
116. « Votre prénom est une insulte à la France » : la chroniqueuse Hapsatou Sy diffuse les propos d’Eric Zemmour, Le Monde (in French), 18 September 2018
117. "Zemmour défend les policiers «qui ont eu peur»", 20min.ch (in French), 2 December 2020
118. "La Seine-Saint-Denis «enclave étrangère sous le règne d’Allah» : Troussel traite Zemmour de «guignol» et menace de porter plainte", Le Parisien (in French), 10 September 2021
119. "Éric Zemmour crée la polémique après ses déclarations sur les victimes juives de Mohammed Merah", La Dépêche du Midi (in French), 15 September 2021
120. "Deux nouveaux témoignages accusent Eric Zemmour d’agressions sexuelles", Libération (in French), 31 May 2021
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131. Elected in 2014 with the help of the far-right Front National. « Robert Ménard défend Eric Zemmour dans l’émission « C’ à dire » sur France 5 », Novopress.info, 29 March 2010.
132. "Et si l'affaire Zemmour faisait réfléchir ?". AgoraVox. 24 March 2010.
133. The editors of L'Express commented that Khosrokhavar estimated the share of Muslim prisoners in certain prisons near so-called sensitive districts as between 50% and 80% and that there were no official national statistics on the subject."Eric Zemmour: "Je ne demande pas la francisation des noms"". LExpress.fr. 11 March 2010.
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135. The trial was postponed but the court to 11, 13 and 14 January 2011 due to a number of civil action filings, among which were a number of anti-racist organisations.« Le procès Zemmour renvoyé au mois de janvier » on the website FranceAntilles.fr
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140. Zemmour expose sa liberté d'expression à l'UMP (in French).
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142. Figaro, Madame (September 18, 2014). "Trois questions à Eric Zemmour". Madame Figaro.
143. "Petit frère, d'Éric Zemmour ne sera pas interdit". ActuaLitté.com.
144. "Le Cran saisit le CSA après une chronique " xénophobe " d'Eric Zemmour". Les Echos. May 9, 2014.
145. "Chronique de Zemmour sur les étrangers: le CSA met "en garde" RTL". LExpansion.com. June 17, 2014.
146. "Poursuivi pour incitation à la haine raciale, Eric Zemmour a été relaxé". September 22, 2015 – via Le Monde.
147. "Zemmour e la rabbia anti-élite".
148. "La polémique Zemmour en six actes". Franceinfo. December 18, 2014.
149. "Eric Zemmour condamné à 3000 euros d'amende pour provocation à la haine envers les musulmans". Libération.
150. "La condamnation d'Éric Zemmour pour ses propos contre les musulmans confirmée". Europe 1.
151. magazine, Le Point (November 29, 2018). "Eric Zemmour relaxé en appel après des propos polémiques sur les musulmans". Le Point.
152. "Affaire Baupin : relaxe de Zemmour, poursuivi en diffamation par Duflot". Europe 1.
153. "Le Conseil d'Etat annule une décision du CSA visant Zemmour". October 15, 2018 – via Le Monde.
154. "Eric Zemmour condamné à 10 000 euros d'amende pour injure et provocation à la haine". September 25, 2020 – via Le Monde.
155. "Eric Zemmour relaxé en appel pour des propos anti-islam et anti-immigration tenus en 2019". BFMTV.
156. "Après la relaxe d'Eric Zemmour pour des propos anti-islam, le parquet général se pourvoit en cassation". September 14, 2021 – via Le Monde.

External links

• Media related to Éric Zemmour at Wikimedia Commons
• Selection of videos of Zemmour

• 1958 births
• Living people
• Conservatism in France
• People from Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis
• Great Replacement conspiracy theorists
• Far-right politics in France
• French journalists
• French political writers
• French political commentators
• 20th-century French Jews
• French people of Algerian-Berber descent
• French people of Algerian-Jewish descent
• Sciences Po alumni
• French columnists
• Male critics of feminism
• French critics of Islam
• French male non-fiction writers