| Revision as of 14:44, 19 October 2021 editOrthodxinveritas (talk | contribs)20 edits Once again removing totally incorrect information. The subject of the article is the Celtic Orthodox Church NOT the Holy Celtic Church of Tugdual/DanyelTags: Manual revert Reverted Visual edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:45, 19 October 2021 edit undoPhilroc (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers10,469 editsm Reverted edits by Orthodxinveritas (talk): not providing a reliable source (WP:CITE, WP:RS) (HG) (3.4.10)Tag: RollbackNext edit → | ||
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| The '''Celtic Orthodox Church''' ('''COC'''; {{Lang-fr|Église orthodoxe celtique}}), formerly '''Holy Celtic Church''',<ref name="Pearson20074" /> is an ] church founded in the 20th century in ]. | |||
| {{Multiple issues| | |||
| {{more citations needed|date=May 2017}} | |||
| {{COI|date=June 2018}} | |||
| }} | |||
| Since 25 December 2007, the Celtic Orthodox Church has been united with the ] and the ], forming the ] (CWOC). | |||
| The Celtic Orthodox Church is represented in France, Switzerland, USA, Australia and the UK. | |||
| However, as an autocephalous church, the Celtic Orthodox Church is not, and never has been, subject to the Syriac Orthodox Church nor is it in any way part of the Oriental Orthodox Church. It is Western Orthodox. | |||
| The Celtic Orthodox Church is neither ] nor ] in theology. Its position with regard to the Ecumenical Councils might best be described as Pro-Chalcedonian, that is to say it accepts the teaching of all seven councils, but acknowledges that only the first three were truly ecumenical. The Celtic Orthodox Church, therefore, shares the Eastern Orthodox doctrine that Christ, the second Person of the Holy Trinity, is one Person with two Natures as defined at the ]. | |||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| ===Origins=== | |||
| In 1866, with the sanction of Patriarch Ignatius Ya'qub (Jacob) II of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, Mar Julius (Jules Ferrette) was consecrated by Mar Boutros (Boutros ibn Salmo Mesko) who later became Patriarch Mor ] of Antioch, with the remit to form an indigenous Orthodox church in Western Europe, which was not in any way subject to the Syriac Orthodox Church or the Patriarch of Antioch. The consecration was witnessed by the British Consul at Damascus. Mar Julius was given the title of Bishop of Iona and its Dependencies. | |||
| ===Ancient British Church=== | |||
| From 1866 to 1944 the church was known as the Ancient British Church, although in November 1897 a merger with the Free Protestant Church and the Nazarene Episcopal Church formed the ‘Free Protestant Episcopal Church.’ | |||
| === Catholic Apostolic Church (Catholicate of the West) === | |||
| In 1944 the Ancient British Church was united with the Old Catholic Church, the British Orthodox Catholic Church and the Independent Catholic Church. The church then became known as the Catholic Apostolic Church (Catholicate of the West). Catholicate was dropped in 1953. | |||
| '''Celtic Orthodox Church''' | |||
| When in 1994, Abba (Mar) Seraphim, following negotiations with Pope Shenouda III, took the UK branch of the Catholic Apostolic Church into union with the Coptic (Oriental) Orthodox Church, taking the name British Orthodox Church, the Holy Synod of the Breton branch of the Catholic Apostolic Church, who had decided against joining the Coptic Church, elected Mgr Mael (Paul-Eduard de Fournier de Brescia), to be primate of the continuing Catholic Apostolic Church. The church assumed the name L'Église Orthodoxe Celtique (the Celtic Orthodox Church) to indicate that its jurisdiction covered the areas of the original Celtic missions. | |||
| '''Communion of Western Orthodox Churches''' | |||
| Since 25 December 2007, the Celtic Orthodox Church has been united with the ] and the ], forming the ] (CWOC). There are other groups who use the words 'Celtic' and 'Orthodox' in their titles. These are not the subject of this article. | |||
| === '''Western Orthodoxy''' === | |||
| Despite deriving from the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Celtic Orthodox Church is not an Oriental Orthodox Church. Its theology and faith accord with the Eastern Orthodox Churches, enriched by the spirituality of the Celtic saints of the West. Their Liturgy is not Byzantine but reconstructed from fragments of Celtic manuscripts, notably that of Bobbio. The Celtic Orthodox Church is not part of the Western Rite Orthodox movement. | |||
| The Celtic Orthodox Church is neither Monophysite nor Miaphysite in theology. Its position with regard to the Ecumenical Councils might best be described as Pro-Chalcedonian, that is to say, it accepts the teaching of all seven councils, but acknowledges that only the first three were truly ecumenical. The Celtic Orthodox Church, therefore, shares the Eastern Orthodox doctrine that Christ, the second Person of the Holy Trinity, is one Person with two Natures as defined at the Council of Chalcedon. | |||
| === Foundation === | |||
| '''Influences''' | |||
| The Celtic Orthodox Church was founded in the 20th century by {{Interlanguage link|Tugdual de Saint-Dolay|lt=Jean-Pierre (Clodoald) Danyel|fr|Tugdual de Saint-Dolay}}. He was ordained priest by the ] ] of France in 1951, after failing to obtain an ordination from any Russian, Romanian or Greek ] bishop. However, he doubted the E. Orthodox and Catholic church would recognise the validity of his ordination. Thus, he "received all the ] again on 1 March 1953" from ] Lutgen of ] of the ''Église catholique du rite dominicain''. Lutgen had received his ] from ]. After this, Danyel decided to work to restore the ancient Celtic Church of ], and ] of one of the Christian founding saints of Britanny, ].<ref name="Pearson20074">{{cite book|last=Pearson|first=Joanne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au_paUclEZkC&pg=PA166|title=Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic|date=27 June 2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-25413-7|pages=51-2|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Danyel founded the Abbaye de la Saint Présence at Bois-Juhel, ], "where he lived as an hermit in emulation of the ancient ]." He "soon attracted disciples", and was elected as the first bishop of the restored Celtic Church. He was consecrated bishop in 1957 by ] Irenaeus of Arles (Comte Charles-Borromée d'Eschevannes), primate of the ''Sainte Église catholique Gallicane autocéphale''. Danyel got the title of "Bishop of ]". On 19 December 1959, Danyel proclaimed himself metropolitan, under the title Tugdual I, Archbishop of ]. Danyel "revived Druidi rites", and added to his title "Sa Blancheur l'Humble" ("His Whiteness the Humble") which he claimed was of Druidic origin. His full title was therefore: "His Whiteness the Humble Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl, ] of Saint-Dolay, Kayermo and Keroussek, primate of the Holy Celtic Church, President of all the non-Roman Christian and Apostolic Churches".<ref name="Pearson20074" /> | |||
| The ethos of the Celtic Orthodox Church is in the first instance influenced by the teaching and examples of the Celtic heritage. St Francis of Assisi with his closeness to Nature and his promulgation of poverty is also an influence, as is the hermit Clodoald, later Tugdual, (Jean-Pierre Danyel – 1917-1968). | |||
| In 1963 or 1964, the church consisted of 10 bishops and two to three ].<ref name="Pearson20074" /> | |||
| Tugdual, after trying various denominations and receiving priestly orders twice, settled into an ascetic way of life in woodland near Saint Dolay in Brittany. Here, in 1957, he became the first bishop of the revived and short-lived Holy Celtic Church. After his death, his hermitage was occupied by a small group of monks living in the South of France, their leader being Fr Paul-Eduard de Fournier de Brescia. These monks, who had been received into the Catholic Apostolic Church, built the Monastery of the Holy Presence on the site of Tugdual’s hermitage. Thus, Tugdual’s legacy was brought into the Catholic Apostolic Church. | |||
| === Death of the founder to today === | |||
| Tugdual left many notebooks and letters setting out his unique spiritual insight. In 1996 the Celtic Orthodox Church canonised him and he became St Tugdual the New. | |||
| On 11 August 1968, Danyel died.<ref name="Pearson20074" /> | |||
| The ] was originally an ] of the Celtic Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church of the British Isles split from the Celtic Orthodox Church in 1995, under Mar Seraphim (]), after which it changed its name to British Orthodox Church.<ref name="Pearson200743">{{cite book|last=Pearson|first=Joanne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au_paUclEZkC&pg=PA166|title=Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic|date=27 June 2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-25413-7|pages=53|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===List of Patriarchs/Primates=== | |||
| The following are the patriarchs/primates in succession: | |||
| In 1996, the Celtic Orthodox Church ] Danyel, its founder.<ref name="Pearson20074" /> | |||
| *Mar Pelagius I (]), consecrated in 1874 by Julius Ferrete. | |||
| *Mar Theophilus I (]), consecrated in 1879 by Mar Pelagius. (1889 to 1917) | |||
| *Mar Jacobus I Antipas (James Martin), consecrated in November 1890 by Leon Chechemian. <ref>Leon Chechemian may have been earlier (1879) consecrated by Leon Chorchorunian. According to Bain ("Bishops Irregular: an international directory of independent bishops", 1985), Brandreth ("Episcopi Vagantes and the Anglican Church", 1961) considers the claim that Chechemian was consecrated by Chorchorunian as doubtful.</ref> (1917 to 1919) | |||
| *Mar Andries I (Andrew Charles Albert McLaglan), consecrated in 1897 by Leon Chechemian and Mar Jacobus I Antipas. (1919 to 1928) | |||
| *Mar Jacobus II (Herbert James Monzani-Heard), consecrated in 1922 by Mar Andries I. (1928 to1945) | |||
| *Mar Georgius I (]), consecrated in 1944 by Mar Basilius (William Bernard Crow). (1945 to 1979) | |||
| *Mar Seraphim I (]), consecrated in 1977 by Mar Georgius, (1979) | |||
| *Mgr Mael I (Paul-Eduard de Fournier de Brescia), consecrated in 1980 by Mar Seraphim (1994 to 2014) | |||
| *Mgr Marc I (Jean-Claude Scheerens), consecrated in 1998 by Mgr Mael. (2014 to present) | |||
| NB The first eight are common with the British Orthodox Church | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * |
*] | ||
| *] (now renamed "Anglican Free Communion") | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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Revision as of 14:45, 19 October 2021
The Celtic Orthodox Church (COC; Template:Lang-fr), formerly Holy Celtic Church, is an autocephalous church founded in the 20th century in France.
Since 25 December 2007, the Celtic Orthodox Church has been united with the French Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of the Gauls, forming the Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (CWOC).
History
Foundation
The Celtic Orthodox Church was founded in the 20th century by Jean-Pierre (Clodoald) Danyel [fr]. He was ordained priest by the Mariavite bishop of France in 1951, after failing to obtain an ordination from any Russian, Romanian or Greek E. Orthodox bishop. However, he doubted the E. Orthodox and Catholic church would recognise the validity of his ordination. Thus, he "received all the orders again on 1 March 1953" from Metropolitan Lutgen of Antwerp of the Église catholique du rite dominicain. Lutgen had received his episcopal consecration from Hugh George de Willmott Newman. After this, Danyel decided to work to restore the ancient Celtic Church of Brittany, and took the name of one of the Christian founding saints of Britanny, Tugdual.
Danyel founded the Abbaye de la Saint Présence at Bois-Juhel, Saint-Dolay, "where he lived as an hermit in emulation of the ancient Celtic monks." He "soon attracted disciples", and was elected as the first bishop of the restored Celtic Church. He was consecrated bishop in 1957 by archbishop Irenaeus of Arles (Comte Charles-Borromée d'Eschevannes), primate of the Sainte Église catholique Gallicane autocéphale. Danyel got the title of "Bishop of Redon". On 19 December 1959, Danyel proclaimed himself metropolitan, under the title Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl. Danyel "revived Druidi rites", and added to his title "Sa Blancheur l'Humble" ("His Whiteness the Humble") which he claimed was of Druidic origin. His full title was therefore: "His Whiteness the Humble Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl, Abbot of Saint-Dolay, Kayermo and Keroussek, primate of the Holy Celtic Church, President of all the non-Roman Christian and Apostolic Churches".
In 1963 or 1964, the church consisted of 10 bishops and two to three lay people.
Death of the founder to today
On 11 August 1968, Danyel died.
The Orthodox Church of the British Isles was originally an eparchy of the Celtic Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church of the British Isles split from the Celtic Orthodox Church in 1995, under Mar Seraphim (William Henry Hugo Newman-Norton), after which it changed its name to British Orthodox Church.
In 1996, the Celtic Orthodox Church canonised Danyel, its founder.
See also
- Ancient British Church in North America
- Free Protestant Episcopal Church (now renamed "Anglican Free Communion")
References
- ^ Pearson, Joanne (27 June 2007). Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic. Taylor & Francis. pp. 51–2. ISBN 978-0-415-25413-7. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- Pearson, Joanne (27 June 2007). Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic. Taylor & Francis. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-415-25413-7. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
External links
| Oriental Orthodoxy | ||
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| Eastern Christian communion of autocephalous churches from Armenia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and parts of the Middle East, and India | ||
| Autocephalous churches |  | |
| Autonomous churches |
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| Independent churches |
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| Liturgy | ||