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An '''electronic symbol''' is a ] used to represent various ] and ] devices or functions, such as ]s, ], ]s, and ]s, in a ] of an electrical or ]. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions. An '''electronic symbol''' is a ] used to represent various ] and ] devices or functions, such as ]s, ], ]s, and ]s, in a ] of an electrical or ]. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.


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==Standards for symbols==
The graphic symbols used for electrical components in circuit diagrams are covered by national and international standards, in particular:
* ] 60617 (also known as ] BS 3939).
* There is also ] – for ladder-logic symbols.
* ] JIC (Joint Industrial Council) symbols as approved and adopted by the NMTBA (National Machine Tool Builders Association). They have been extracted from the Appendix of the NMTBA Specification EGPl-1967.
* ] Y32.2-1975 (also known as <ref>"IEEE Standard American National Standard Canadian Standard Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams (Including Reference Designation Letters)," in IEEE Std 315-1975 (Reaffirmed 1993) , vol., no., pp.i-244, 1993, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.1993.93397.</ref> or CSA Z99-1975).
* ] Std 91/91a: graphic symbols for logic functions (used in digital electronics). It is referenced in ANSI Y32.2/IEEE Std 315.
* Australian Standard AS 1102 (based on a slightly modified version of ] 60617; withdrawn without replacement with a recommendation to use IEC 60617).

The number of standards leads to confusion and errors.<ref>.</ref>
Symbols usage is sometimes unique to engineering disciplines, and national or local variations to international standards exist. For example, lighting and power symbols used as part of architectural drawings may be different from symbols for devices used in electronics.


==Common electronic symbols== ==Common electronic symbols==

Revision as of 11:50, 19 November 2021

Pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions
Common circuit diagram symbols (US symbols)

An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit. These symbols are largely standardized internationally today, but may vary from country to country, or engineering discipline, based on traditional conventions.

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Common electronic symbols

Symbols shown are typical examples, not a complete list.

Traces

The large dot signifies an electrical connection.

  • Trace connection (IEC-style) Trace connection
    (IEC-style)
  • Trace junction (IEC-style) Trace junction
    (IEC-style)
  • Trace crossing (unconnected) Trace crossing (unconnected)
  • Trace crossing (hand drawn schematics) Trace crossing
    (hand drawn schematics)

Grounds

The shorthand for ground is GND. Optionally, the triangle in the middle symbol may be filled in.

  • General ground (IEC-style) General ground
    (IEC-style)
  • Signal/low-noise ground Signal/low-noise ground
  • Chassis ground (IEC-style) Chassis ground
    (IEC-style)

Sources

  • Battery, single-cell Battery, single-cell
  • Battery, multi-cell Battery, multi-cell
  • Solar cell (photovoltaic cell) Solar cell (photovoltaic cell)
  • DC voltage source DC voltage source
  • Controlled DC voltage source Controlled DC voltage source
  • Current source Current source
  • Controlled current source Controlled current source
  • AC voltage source AC voltage source

Resistors

See also: Resistor

It is very common for potentiometer and rheostat symbols to be used for many types of variable resistors, including trimmers.

Capacitors

See also: Capacitor
  • General capacitor (IEC-style) General capacitor
    (IEC-style)
  • Polarized capacitor (American-style) Polarized capacitor
    (American-style)
  • Variable capacitor Variable capacitor
  • Ganged (co-moving) variable capacitors (IEC-style ) Ganged (co-moving) variable capacitors
    (IEC-style )
  • Trimmer variable capacitor Trimmer variable capacitor

Diodes

See also: Diode

Optionally, the triangle in these symbols may be filled in. There are multiple ways to draw a bridge rectifier symbol.

Bridge rectifiers

See also: Bridge rectifier

There are many ways to draw a single-phase bridge rectifier symbol. Some show the internal diode circuit, some don't.

  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Bridge rectifier Bridge rectifier
  • Three-phase bridge rectifier Three-phase bridge rectifier

Inductors

See also: Inductor

Transformers

See also: Transformer
  • Transformer Transformer
  • Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side) Transformer with center tap on secondary winding (right side)
  • Transformer with two secondary windings (right side) Transformer with two secondary windings (right side)
  • Current transformer Current transformer
  • Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer) Zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT) (also known as a window-type current transformer)
  • Bushing-type current transformer Bushing-type current transformer
  • Voltage transformer Voltage transformer

Transistors

See also: Transistor

Unipolar

See also: Field-effect transistor

Optionally, these symbols may include a circle.

Bipolar

See also: Bipolar junction transistor

Optionally, these symbols may include a circle.

Vacuum tubes

See also: Vacuum tube

Switches

See also: Switch
  • Switch, single-pole/single-throw (SPST) Switch, single-pole/single-throw (SPST)
  • Switch, single-pole/double-throw (SPDT) Switch, single-pole/double-throw (SPDT)
  • Switch, double-pole/double-throw (DPDT) Switch, double-pole/double-throw (DPDT)
  • Pushbutton, momentary or Spring-Return, make (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, momentary or Spring-Return, make (IEEE-style)
  • Pushbutton, momentary or spring-return, break (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, momentary or spring-return, break (IEEE-style)
  • Pushbutton, momentary or spring-return, two-circuit (IEEE-style) Pushbutton, momentary or spring-return, two-circuit (IEEE-style)

Relays

See also: Relay
  • SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays (American-style) SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT relays
    (American-style)
  • SPDT relay (IEC-style) SPDT relay
    (IEC-style)

Lamps

LED is located in diode section.

Current limiters

Electro-acoustic devices

Antennas

See also: Antenna (radio)
  • General antenna (IEC-style) General antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Dipole antenna (IEC-style) Dipole antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Loop antenna (IEC-style) Loop antenna
    (IEC-style)
  • Loop antenna (IEEE-style) Loop antenna
    (IEEE-style)

Connectors

See also: Electrical connector

ICs

See also: Integrated circuit

Logic gates

See also: Logic gates

For the symbols below: A and B are inputs, Q is output.

There are variations of these logic gate symbols. Depending on the IC, the two-input gates below may have: 1) two or more inputs; 2) infrequently some have a second inverted Q output too.

The above logic symbols may have additional I/O variations too: 1) schmitt trigger input(s), 2) tri-state output, 3) open-collector or open-drain output (not shown).

Flip-flops

See also: Flip-flops

For the symbols below: Q is output, Q is inverted output, E is enable input, internal triangle shape is clock input, S is Set, R is Reset (some datasheets use clear (CLR) instead of reset along the bottom).

There are variations of these flip-flop symbols. Depending on the IC, a flip-flop may have: 1) one or both outputs (Q only, Q only, both Q & Q); 2) one or both forced inputs along top & bottom (R only, S only, both R & S); 3) some inputs may be inverted.

  • Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs) Simple SR flip-flop (inverted S & R inputs)
  • Gated SR flip-flop Gated SR flip-flop
  • Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch) Gated D flip-flop (Transparent Latch)
  • Clocked D flip-flop (Set & Reset inputs) Clocked D flip-flop
    (Set & Reset inputs)
  • Clocked JK flip-flop Clocked JK flip-flop
  • Clocked T flip-flop Clocked T flip-flop

OpAmps

Oscillators

See also: Electronic oscillator

Miscellaneous devices

Historical electronic symbols

The shape of some electronic symbols have changed over time. The following historical electronic symbols can be found in old electronic books / magazines / schematics, and now considered obsolete.

Capacitors (historical)

All of the following are obsolete capacitor symbols.

  • Obsolete capacitor (very old style) Obsolete capacitor
    (very old style)
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor
  • Obsolete capacitor Obsolete capacitor

See also

References

  1. Circuit Symbols for all Electronic Components. Talking Electronics, 2013. Retrieved 01 Apr 2015.
  2. Electrical Symbols & Electronic Symbols. RapidTables, 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  3. "Standards for Resistor Symbols". eePower. EETech Media. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  4. "A4.11 Envelope or Enclosure". ANSI Y32.2-1975 (PDF). The envelope or enclosure symbol may be omitted from a symbol referencing this paragraph, where confusion would not result

Further reading

External links

Electronic components
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