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| {{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
| | name = |
| name = Bolesław Kajetan Kołyszko | ||
| | image = Bolesław Kołyszko.PNG | | image = Bolesław Kołyszko.PNG | ||
| | birth_date = 7 August 1837 | | birth_date = 7 August 1837 | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| ''' |
'''Bolesław Kajetan Kołyszko''' ({{Lang-lt|Boleslovas Kajetonas Koliška}}) alias ''Rutkowski'' or ''Szyszka''{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} (1838{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} – 9 June ] 28 May]{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} 1863) was one of the leaders in the ].{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} | ||
| == Early life == | == Early life == | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| Kołyszko was born into a ] family as a son of Wincenty Kołyszko and his wife from the Jursza family.{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} He had an older brother, ], who also fought in the January Uprising.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} Boleslovas Kolyška graduated from the ] and studied law in the ].{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}}{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} According to Fajnhauz, he might have graduated from ] instead of Vilnius.{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} In the University of Moscow, Kolyška was part of the Polish students ] called "Ogół".{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} He was arrested in 1861 for his involvement in student demonstrations in Lida.{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} At the end of 1861, after a short imprisonment, he emigrated to Italy, where he met ].{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=368}} First in ] and later in ], he studied in the {{Interlanguage link|Polish Military School|pl|Polska Szkoła Wojskowa}}.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}}{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=369}} | |||
| == Uprising of 1863 == | == Uprising of 1863 == | ||
| After the start of the ] he went back to Lithuania.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} On 21 March 1863, he began the uprising between ] and ].{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} In a few days, his unit included 400 men and was also joined by the unit led by the priest Antanas Navaina.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} As he organized the rebel group near ] during March, it was joined by the groups of ] and ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|date=2013-09-30|title=Kolyška Boleslovas Kajetonas|url=http://www.istorikas.lt/asmenybes/k/kolyska-boleslovas-kajetonas/|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Istorikas.lt|language=lt}}</ref> The combined group was called the ].<ref name=":0" /> Kolyška led his 400 men strong regiment{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=369}} in fights against units of the Imperial Russian Army at ] on March 29-30.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}}<ref name=":0" /> He then fought near ] on April 1 (together with the unit of ]), near {{Interlanguage link|Misiūnai, Marijampolė County|lt=Misiūnai|lt|Misiūnai (Šakiai)}} on April 11.<ref name=":0" /> | After the start of the ] he went back to Lithuania.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} On 21 March 1863, he began the uprising between ] and ].{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} In a few days, his unit included 400 men and was also joined by the unit led by the priest Antanas Navaina.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}} As he organized the rebel group near ] during March, it was joined by the groups of ] and ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|date=2013-09-30|title=Kolyška Boleslovas Kajetonas|url=http://www.istorikas.lt/asmenybes/k/kolyska-boleslovas-kajetonas/|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Istorikas.lt|language=lt}}</ref> The combined group was called the ].<ref name=":0" /> Kolyška led his 400 men strong regiment{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=369}} in fights against units of the Imperial Russian Army at ] on March 29-30.{{Sfn|Čepėnas|1957|p=223}}<ref name=":0" /> He then fought near ] on April 1 (together with the unit of ]), near {{Interlanguage link|Misiūnai, Marijampolė County|lt=Misiūnai|lt|Misiūnai (Šakiai)}} on April 11.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| By ]'s order, he led a rebel column - two battalions and a cavalry unit that fought in the ]. |
By ]'s order, he led a rebel column - two battalions and a cavalry unit that fought in the ]. Kołyszko and Sierakowski's aide-de-camp {{ill|Jarosław Kossakowski|pl}} were supposed to take wounded Sierakowski and transport him out of the country, but they were captured on May 10.{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=369}} During the interogation he blamed Sierakowski for the uprising's failure and underlined that he was doing everything for the homeland.{{sfn|Fajnhauz|1968|p=369}} He was hanged by a ] on June 9, 1863.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maksimaitienė|first=Ona|title=Boleslovas Kajetonas Koliška|work=]|publisher=]|year=2006|volume=X (Khmerai-Krelle)|location=Vilnius|pages=372|language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bairašauskaitė|first=Tamara|title=1863 -1864 m. sukilėlių kelias į mirtį ir atgimimą|publisher=]|year=2019|isbn=978-609-478-031-8|location=Vilnius|language=lt}}</ref> | ||
| The remains were secretly buried in ]' ]. They were found in 2017 during the works designed to strengthen {{Interlanguage link|Gediminas' Mountain|lt|Gedimino kalnas}}. On 22 November 2019, the remains were solemnly buried in the ] of the ] {{Interlanguage link|Rasos Cemetery Chapel|lt=Chapel|lt|Rasų kapinių koplyčia}} in Vilnius.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 October 2019|title=1863–1864 m. sukilimo vadų ir dalyvių valstybinių laidotuvių ceremonija vyks 2019 m. lapkričio 22 d.|url=https://kam.lt/lt/naujienos_874/aktualijos_875/18631864_m._sukilimo_vadu_ir_dalyviu_valstybiniu_laidotuviu_ceremonija_vyks_2019_m._lapkricio_22_d..html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_4tuHX5sH9AlSJjvdJHEAYqhgRSzrX2HRzCJZihgMSQA-1634745394-0-gqNtZGzNAuWjcnBszQkR|url-status=live|website=kam.lt|language=lt}}</ref> | The remains were secretly buried in ]' ]. They were found in 2017 during the works designed to strengthen {{Interlanguage link|Gediminas' Mountain|lt|Gedimino kalnas}}. On 22 November 2019, the remains were solemnly buried in the ] of the ] {{Interlanguage link|Rasos Cemetery Chapel|lt=Chapel|lt|Rasų kapinių koplyčia}} in Vilnius.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 October 2019|title=1863–1864 m. sukilimo vadų ir dalyvių valstybinių laidotuvių ceremonija vyks 2019 m. lapkričio 22 d.|url=https://kam.lt/lt/naujienos_874/aktualijos_875/18631864_m._sukilimo_vadu_ir_dalyviu_valstybiniu_laidotuviu_ceremonija_vyks_2019_m._lapkricio_22_d..html?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=pmd_4tuHX5sH9AlSJjvdJHEAYqhgRSzrX2HRzCJZihgMSQA-1634745394-0-gqNtZGzNAuWjcnBszQkR|url-status=live|website=kam.lt|language=lt}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 22:32, 23 November 2021
| Bolesław Kajetan Kołyszko | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | Rutkowski, Szyszka |
| Born | 7 August 1837 Navickiškės [lt] |
| Died | 9 June 1863 Vilnius |
Bolesław Kajetan Kołyszko (Template:Lang-lt) alias Rutkowski or Szyszka (1838 – 9 June 1863) was one of the leaders in the January Uprising.
Early life
Kołyszko was born into a petty noble family as a son of Wincenty Kołyszko and his wife from the Jursza family. He had an older brother, Feliks Kołyszko, who also fought in the January Uprising. Boleslovas Kolyška graduated from the Vilnius Gymnasium and studied law in the University of Moscow. According to Fajnhauz, he might have graduated from Lida gymnasium instead of Vilnius. In the University of Moscow, Kolyška was part of the Polish students association called "Ogół". He was arrested in 1861 for his involvement in student demonstrations in Lida. At the end of 1861, after a short imprisonment, he emigrated to Italy, where he met Ludwik Mierosławski. First in Genoa and later in Cuneo, he studied in the Polish Military School [pl].
Uprising of 1863
After the start of the uprising he went back to Lithuania. On 21 March 1863, he began the uprising between Čekiškė and Panevėžys. In a few days, his unit included 400 men and was also joined by the unit led by the priest Antanas Navaina. As he organized the rebel group near Kaunas during March, it was joined by the groups of Bronislavas Žarskis and Antanas Norvaiša. The combined group was called the Dubysa Regiment. Kolyška led his 400 men strong regiment in fights against units of the Imperial Russian Army at Aukštdvaris on March 29-30. He then fought near Lenčiai on April 1 (together with the unit of Tomasz Kuszłejko), near Misiūnai [lt] on April 11.
By Zygmunt Sierakowski's order, he led a rebel column - two battalions and a cavalry unit that fought in the battle of Biržai. Kołyszko and Sierakowski's aide-de-camp Jarosław Kossakowski [pl] were supposed to take wounded Sierakowski and transport him out of the country, but they were captured on May 10. During the interogation he blamed Sierakowski for the uprising's failure and underlined that he was doing everything for the homeland. He was hanged by a court-martial on June 9, 1863.
The remains were secretly buried in Vilnius' Gediminas' Hill. They were found in 2017 during the works designed to strengthen Gediminas' Mountain [lt]. On 22 November 2019, the remains were solemnly buried in the Columbarium of the Rasos Cemetery Chapel [lt] in Vilnius.
Sources
- ^ Čepėnas 1957, p. 223.
- ^ Fajnhauz 1968, p. 368.
- ^ Fajnhauz 1968, p. 369.
- ^ "Kolyška Boleslovas Kajetonas". Istorikas.lt (in Lithuanian). 2013-09-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Maksimaitienė, Ona (2006). Boleslovas Kajetonas Koliška (in Lithuanian). Vol. X (Khmerai-Krelle). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 372.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Bairašauskaitė, Tamara (2019). 1863 -1864 m. sukilėlių kelias į mirtį ir atgimimą (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: National Museum of Lithuania. ISBN 978-609-478-031-8.
- "1863–1864 m. sukilimo vadų ir dalyvių valstybinių laidotuvių ceremonija vyks 2019 m. lapkričio 22 d." kam.lt (in Lithuanian). 22 October 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Bibliography
- Čepėnas, Pranas (1957). "Boleslovas Kolyška". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 12. Boston. p. 223.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Fajnhauz, Dawid (1968). "Bolesław Kołyszko". Polski Słownik Biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 13. Wrocław. pp. 84–85.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)