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| *], a Sufi order founded by Safi-ad-din Ardabili | *], a Sufi order founded by Safi-ad-din Ardabili | ||
| *], It was a ] dynasty of ] origin,<ref>Matthee, Rudi. (2005). ''The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900''. Princeton University Press. p. 18; "'''''The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)'''"''. Savory, Roger. (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. p. 8. "'''''This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams (...)'''".'' Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi. (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "'''''Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)'''"'' Stuart Cary Welch, A King's Book of Kings: The Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, p11 ; "'''''Although the Safavids spoke Turkish, they were probably of Kurdish origin (...)'''"'' John R. Perry, New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society, ed. Colin P. Mitchell, p86 ; "'''''The Safavid dynasty, in all likelihood of Kurdish origin (...)'''"''</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2013). ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought''. Princeton University Press. ] ].</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard (2015-03-29). ''Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction''. Princeton University Press. ] ].</ref> but later on they began to speak Turkic and became Turkified.<ref> at ], "''The origins of the Safavids are clouded in obscurity. They may have been of Kurdish origin (see R. Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, 1980, p. 2; R. Matthee, "Safavid Dynasty" at iranica.com), but for all practical purposes they were Turkish-speaking and Turkified."''</ref> However, they still ruled as a ] empire.<ref>Helen Chapin Metz. ''Iran, a Country study''. 1989. University of Michigan, p. 313.</ref><ref>Emory C. Bogle. ''Islam: Origin and Belief''. University of Texas Press. 1989, p. 145.</ref><ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire'', IB Tauris (March 30, 2006).</ref><ref>Stanford Jay Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1977, p. 77.</ref> At the same time, the Safavids reasserted the ] identity of the region and established an independent ] state.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=3}} But during their rule had intermarried with ],<ref>Roemer, H.R. (1986). "The Safavid Period" in Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Laurence. ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214, 229 Blow, David (2009). ''Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend''. I.B.Tauris. p. 3 Savory, Roger M.; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (1998) ''ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ''. ''Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6'', pp. 628-636 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). ''ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI''. ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''</ref> ],<ref>Aptin Khanbaghi (2006) ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early''. London & New York. IB Tauris. ] ], pp. 130–1</ref> ],{{Sfn|Khanbaghi|2006|p=130}} and ].<ref>Anthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond"</ref> | *], It was a ] dynasty of ] origin,<ref>Matthee, Rudi. (2005). ''The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900''. Princeton University Press. p. 18; "'''''The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)'''"''. Savory, Roger. (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. p. 8. "'''''This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams (...)'''".'' Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi. (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "'''''Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)'''"'' Stuart Cary Welch, A King's Book of Kings: The Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, p11 ; "'''''Although the Safavids spoke Turkish, they were probably of Kurdish origin (...)'''"'' John R. Perry, New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society, ed. Colin P. Mitchell, p86 ; "'''''The Safavid dynasty, in all likelihood of Kurdish origin (...)'''"''</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2013). ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought''. Princeton University Press. ] ].</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard (2015-03-29). ''Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction''. Princeton University Press. ] ].</ref> but later on they began to speak Turkic and became Turkified.<ref> at ], "''The origins of the Safavids are clouded in obscurity. They may have been of Kurdish origin (see R. Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, 1980, p. 2; R. Matthee, "Safavid Dynasty" at iranica.com), but for all practical purposes they were Turkish-speaking and Turkified."''</ref> However, they still ruled as a ] empire.<ref>Helen Chapin Metz. ''Iran, a Country study''. 1989. University of Michigan, p. 313.</ref><ref>Emory C. Bogle. ''Islam: Origin and Belief''. University of Texas Press. 1989, p. 145.</ref><ref>Andrew J. Newman, ''Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire'', IB Tauris (March 30, 2006).</ref><ref>Stanford Jay Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1977, p. 77.</ref> At the same time, the Safavids reasserted the ] identity of the region and established an independent ] state.{{Sfn|Savory|2007|p=3}} But during their rule had intermarried with ],<ref>Roemer, H.R. (1986). "The Safavid Period" in Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Laurence. ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214, 229 Blow, David (2009). ''Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend''. I.B.Tauris. p. 3 Savory, Roger M.; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (1998) ''ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ''. ''Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6'', pp. 628-636 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). ''ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI''. ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''</ref> ],<ref>Aptin Khanbaghi (2006) ''The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early''. London & New York. IB Tauris. ] ], pp. 130–1</ref> ],{{Sfn|Khanbaghi|2006|p=130}} and ].<ref>Anthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond"</ref> | ||
| *{{Disambig}} | |||
| == Sources == | == Sources == | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 12 December 2021
Safavia (Template:Lang-fa) may refer to
- Safaviya (sufi order), a Sufi order founded by Safi-ad-din Ardabili
- Safavid dynasty, It was a Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but later on they began to speak Turkic and became Turkified. However, they still ruled as a Iranian empire. At the same time, the Safavids reasserted the Iranian identity of the region and established an independent Iranian state. But during their rule had intermarried with Turkmens, Georgians, Circassians, and Pontic Greek.
Sources
- Matthee, Rudi. (2005). The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900. Princeton University Press. p. 18; "The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...)". Savory, Roger. (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. p. 8. "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams (...)". Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi. (2009). "Ṣafavid Dynasty". In Esposito, John L. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. "Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)" Stuart Cary Welch, A King's Book of Kings: The Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, p11 ; "Although the Safavids spoke Turkish, they were probably of Kurdish origin (...)" John R. Perry, New Perspectives on Safavid Iran: Empire and Society, ed. Colin P. Mitchell, p86 ; "The Safavid dynasty, in all likelihood of Kurdish origin (...)"
- Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13484-0.
- Bowering, Gerhard (2015-03-29). Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6642-7.
- Safavid Iran at Encyclopædia Iranica, "The origins of the Safavids are clouded in obscurity. They may have been of Kurdish origin (see R. Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, 1980, p. 2; R. Matthee, "Safavid Dynasty" at iranica.com), but for all practical purposes they were Turkish-speaking and Turkified."
- Helen Chapin Metz. Iran, a Country study. 1989. University of Michigan, p. 313.
- Emory C. Bogle. Islam: Origin and Belief. University of Texas Press. 1989, p. 145.
- Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire, IB Tauris (March 30, 2006).
- Stanford Jay Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1977, p. 77.
- Savory 2007, p. 3.
- Roemer, H.R. (1986). "The Safavid Period" in Jackson, Peter; Lockhart, Laurence. The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214, 229 Blow, David (2009). Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. I.B.Tauris. p. 3 Savory, Roger M.; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (1998) ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ. Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6, pp. 628-636 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). ḤAYDAR ṢAFAVI. Encyclopaedia Iranica
- Aptin Khanbaghi (2006) The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early. London & New York. IB Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-056-0, pp. 130–1
- Khanbaghi 2006, p. 130.
- Anthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29 (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond"
- Savory, Roger (2007). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0521042512.
- Khanbaghi, Aptin (2006). The Fire, the Star and the Cross: Minority Religions in Medieval and Early Modern Iran. I.B. Tauris. p. 130. ISBN 978-1845110567.