| Revision as of 04:21, 20 December 2021 editDouble sharp (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, Pending changes reviewers102,017 edits →Objects and candidates← Previous edit | Revision as of 04:24, 20 December 2021 edit undoDouble sharp (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, Pending changes reviewers102,017 editsm →Objects and candidatesNext edit → | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| == Objects and candidates == | == Objects and candidates == | ||
| Although there are many icy objects in the ], none of them qualify as planets under the ]. However, most ]s are ice-rock (e.g. ], ], ], ], and ]) or even primarily ice (e.g. ], ], and ]) and so qualify as ice planets under ] of the term. The largest Kuiper belt objects, such as ], ],<ref name="Wiley-2005">{{cite web |last1=Stern |first1=Alan |last2=Mitton |first2=Jacqueline |author-link2=Jacqueline Mitton |title=Pluto and Charon : ice worlds on the ragged edge of the solar system |url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=isbn%3A3527405569 |date=2005 |publisher=Weinheim: ] |access-date=July 13, 2013 }}</ref> and {{dp|Eris}}, also qualify as such under geophysical definitions. ] could be considered an ice planet due to its surface ice, though its high density indicates that its interior is mostly rocky. | Although there are many icy objects in the ], none of them qualify as planets under the ]. However, most ]s are ice-rock (e.g. ], ], ], ], and ]) or even primarily ice (e.g. ], ], and ]) and so qualify as ice planets under ] of the term. The largest ] objects, such as ], ],<ref name="Wiley-2005">{{cite web |last1=Stern |first1=Alan |last2=Mitton |first2=Jacqueline |author-link2=Jacqueline Mitton |title=Pluto and Charon : ice worlds on the ragged edge of the solar system |url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=isbn%3A3527405569 |date=2005 |publisher=Weinheim: ] |access-date=July 13, 2013 }}</ref> and {{dp|Eris}}, also qualify as such under geophysical definitions. ] could be considered an ice planet due to its surface ice, though its high density indicates that its interior is mostly rocky. | ||
| There are several extrasolar ice planet candidates, including ], OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LB b and ]. | There are several extrasolar ice planet candidates, including ], OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LB b and ]. | ||
Revision as of 04:24, 20 December 2021
This article is about the type of planet smaller than giant planets. For the film, see Ice Planet (film). For the type of giant planet, see ice giant. | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ice planet" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
An ice planet is a theoretical type of exoplanet with an icy surface of volatiles such as water, ammonia, and methane. Ice planets consist of a global cryosphere. They are bigger versions of the small icy worlds of the Solar System, which includes the moons Ganymede, Titan, Enceladus, and Triton, the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris, and many other small Solar System bodies such as comets. In June 2020, NASA scientists reported that it is likely that exoplanets with oceans, including some oceans that may be frozen, may be common in the Milky Way galaxy, based on mathematical modeling studies.
Characteristics and habitability
Ice planets usually appear nearly white with geometric albedos of more than 0.9. An ice planet's surface can be composed of water, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide (known as "dry ice"), carbon monoxide, and other volatiles, depending on its surface temperature. Ice planets would have surface temperatures below 260 K (−13 °C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93 °C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193 °C) if composed primarily of methane.
On the surface, ice planets are hostile to life forms like those living on Earth because they are extremely cold. Many ice worlds likely have subsurface oceans, warmed by internal heat or tidal forces from another nearby body. Liquid subsurface water would provide habitable conditions for life, including fish, plankton, and microorganisms. Subsurface plants as we know them could not exist because there is no sunlight to use for photosynthesis. Microorganisms can produce nutrients using specific chemicals (chemosynthesis) that may provide food and energy for other organisms. Some planets, if conditions are right, may have significant atmospheres and surface liquids like Saturn's moon Titan, which could be habitable for exotic forms of life.
Objects and candidates
Although there are many icy objects in the Solar System, none of them qualify as planets under the IAU definition of planet. However, most planetary-mass moons are ice-rock (e.g. Ganymede, Callisto, Enceladus, Titan, and Triton) or even primarily ice (e.g. Mimas, Tethys, and Iapetus) and so qualify as ice planets under geophysical definitions of the term. The largest Kuiper belt objects, such as Pluto, Charon, and Eris, also qualify as such under geophysical definitions. Europa could be considered an ice planet due to its surface ice, though its high density indicates that its interior is mostly rocky.
There are several extrasolar ice planet candidates, including OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341LB b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb.
See also
References
- NASA (18 June 2020). "Are planets with oceans common in the galaxy? It's likely, NASA scientists find". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- Shekhtman, Lonnie; et al. (18 June 2020). "Are Planets with Oceans Common in the Galaxy? It's Likely, NASA Scientists Find". NASA. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- Stern, Alan; Mitton, Jacqueline (2005). "Pluto and Charon : ice worlds on the ragged edge of the solar system". Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
| Exoplanet search projects | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground-based |
|    | |||||||||
| Space missions |
| ||||||||||
| Related | |||||||||||
