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{{short description|Malay musical instrument and dance}} {{short description|Indonesian musical instrument and dance of Malay people}}
{{Infobox Instrument {{Infobox Instrument
| name = Malay gamelan | name = Malay gamelan
| names = ''Gamelan Melayu'' | names = {{lang|id|Gamelan Melayu}}
| image = Gamelanorkest vermoedelijk op het eiland Galang, Sumatra 's Oostkust, KITLV 31140.tiff
| image = SUKTRA Gamelan Musicians.jpg
| image_size = 270px | image_size = 270px
| caption = A Malay gamelan performance | caption = A Malay gamelan performance performed in Galang island (part of ]) {{circa}} 1800s-1900s
| developed = ] (present-day ])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Menabuh Gamelan Melayu|date=8 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/menabuh-gamelan-melayu/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan|date=30 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaanindonesia.net/gambang-mentuda-diambang-kepunahan/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref> | developed = ] (present-day ])<ref>{{cite web |title=The Malay Gamelan |url=http://themalaygamelan.jigsy.com/ |website=themalaygamelan |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Menabuh Gamelan Melayu|date=8 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/menabuh-gamelan-melayu/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan|date=30 July 2019|url=https://kebudayaanindonesia.net/gambang-mentuda-diambang-kepunahan/|access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>
| classification = *] | classification = *]
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| related = | related =
| articles = * ] | articles = * ]
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image       = ]
| Caption     = Gamelan musical instrument
| ICH         = Gamelan
| State Party = Indonesia
| Type        =
| Domains     = Traditional craftsmanship, oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, social practices, rituals and festive events
| ID          = 01607
| Region      = APA
| Year        = 2021
| Session     = 16th
| List        = Representative List
| Link        = https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gamelan-01607
| Below       = ]
| Note        = '''Gamelan variations''' consist of: ] (gamelan jawa) of ] and ], ] (gamelan bali) of ], ] (gamelan sunda) of ], ] (gamelan madura) and ] (gamelan banyuwangi) of ], ] (gamelan melayu), Palembangese gamelan (gamelan palembang), ] of ], ] (gamelan banjar) of ], Gamelan peking of ], and ] of ].
'''Gamelan instruments''':
slab-type (wilahan) instruments (]/sarun/pemade, ]/sarun ganal, ]/kiliningan, slenthem/selentem/jegogan, peking/sarun paking/kantilan, kecrek/keprak),
gong-type (pencon) instruments (], ], ], ], trompong, ], ], kempyang),
String instruments (], celempung, ], ]),
Bamboo instrument (]),
Drums instruments (], ], ketipung, ]),
Wooden instrument (])
Idiophone instrument (])
}} }}
{{Music of Indonesia}} {{Music of Indonesia}}
⚫ The '''Malay gamelan''' ({{lang-jv|ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ꦩꦼꦭꦪꦸ|gamelan melayu}}; ]: ڮاميلان ميلايو; ]: ''gamelan melayu''; ]: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a subclass of ] (style of music) originated from ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tourismperakmalaysia.com/place/XDW/malay-gamelan-music-experience |title=Malay Gamelan Music Experience |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= <!--Not stated--> |website=tourismperakmalaysia.com |publisher= Tourism Perak Malaysia |access-date=20 March 2021 |quote= }}</ref> performed in ]-populated regions of ] (particularly in ], ], ], ], ], etc.) and Indonesian-influenced regions outside of Indonesia (e.g. ] (particularly in ], ] and ])) as well. In 2021, ] (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) officially recognized ] as a ] from Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gamelan-01607|title=Gamelan|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021 |website= ich.unesco.org|publisher=UNECO}}</ref>
{{Music of Malaysia}}

⚫ The '''Malay gamelan''' (]/]: ''gamelan Melayu''; ]: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a style of music originated from ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tourismperakmalaysia.com/place/XDW/malay-gamelan-music-experience |title=Malay Gamelan Music Experience |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= <!--Not stated--> |website=tourismperakmalaysia.com |publisher= Tourism Perak Malaysia |access-date=20 March 2021 |quote= }}</ref> performed in ]-populated regions of ] (particularly in ], ] and ]) and ] (particularly in ], ] and ]) as well.
] performance accompanied ] at the Lebong Donok region of Bengkulu in southwestern coast of ], {{circa}} 1870s-1930s]]


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
The word of '''{{lang|jv|Gamelan}}''' derived from the term in {{lang-jv|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀|'''gamel'''}}, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of ] or the act of striking with a ], '''''+ an''''' (]-forming ]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Etymology for gamelan|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gamelan#:~:text=%3A%20an%20Indonesian%20orchestra%20made%20up,gongs%2C%20xylophones%2C%20and%20drums)|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Merriam-Webster}}</ref><ref name=sumarsam>Sumarsam (1998). . Middletown.</ref><ref name="Lindsay">Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). ''Javanese Gamelan'', p.10. {{ISBN|0-19-588582-1}}.<!--ibid later--></ref> While the word of '''{{lang|ms|Melayu}}''' refer to the ] which had its correlation to ].<ref>{{citation | last = Milner | first = Anthony | title = The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific) | pages = 18–19| publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4443-3903-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony| journal=]|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities| volume=32|issue=3|year=2001|pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157|pmid=19192500|s2cid=38870744}}</ref> The word of '''{{lang|jv|Gamelan}}''' derived from the term in {{lang-jv|ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀|'''gamel'''}}, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of ] or the act of striking with a ], '''''+ an''''' (]-forming ]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=History and Etymology for gamelan|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gamelan#:~:text=%3A%20an%20Indonesian%20orchestra%20made%20up,gongs%2C%20xylophones%2C%20and%20drums)|access-date=17 December 2020|work=Merriam-Webster}}</ref><ref name=sumarsam>Sumarsam (1998). . Middletown.</ref><ref name="Lindsay">Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). ''Javanese Gamelan'', p.10. {{ISBN|0-19-588582-1}}.<!--ibid later--></ref> While the word of '''{{lang|ms|Melayu}}''' refer to the ] which had its correlation to ] (a kingdom based in ] island in Western Indonesia).<ref>{{citation | last = Milner | first = Anthony | title = The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific) | pages = 18–19| publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4443-3903-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Reid|first=Anthony| journal=]|title=Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities| volume=32|issue=3|year=2001|pages=295–313|doi=10.1017/S0022463401000157|pmid=19192500|s2cid=38870744}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
===Origin===
⚫ Joget Gamelan is one of the classical Malay dance. This classic dance was first performed at the Palace in the ] (present-day ]) in the 17th century. It was first performed in public in ], Pahang in 1811 in the wedding ceremony of Tengku Hussain, the son of Sultan Abdul Rahman who ruled ], with Wan Esah, the younger sister of Bendahara Ali from Pahang. It was first introduced in Terengganu after Tengku Mariam, a princess in Pahang, married Tengku Sulaiman, the prince to Tengku Zainal Abidin from Terengganu. In 1913, the Malay Gamelan tradition disappeared from the abolition of the ] and later moved to ], and until it spread to ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/20248/1/Joget%20Gamelan%20Terengganu%20dari%20aspek%20penceritaan...(24%20pages).pdf |title=JOGET GAMELAN TERENGGANU DARI ASPEK PENCERITAAN DAN CABARAN PEMELIHARAANNYA |trans-title=JOGET GAMELAN TERENGGANU FROM THE ASPECT OF STORYTELLING AND THE CHALLENGES OF ITS MAINTENANCE |date=2012 |website=}}</ref> The Malay gamelan was first brought to ] in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.{{cn|date=March 2021}} Gamelan is commonly played during formal occasions like weddings and traditional ceremonies, such as the {{lang|id|]}}. In the past,{{when|date=March 2021}} about 80 traditional gamelan music were performed but this has now been reduced to 50, with 12 songs being the common ones, some of them include ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-Ayak'' and ''Seri Rama Balik''. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Aziz |first1=Ninot |title=Living the Gamelan |publisher=New Straits Times |date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/08/25/good-vibrations-how-to-unite-people-through-gamelan-music|title=Good vibrations: how to unite people through gamelan music &#124; The Star|website=www.thestar.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/pulse/2017/08/271189/renewing-love-gamelan|title=Renewing the love for gamelan &#124; New Straits Times|first=Adrian|last=David|date=August 22, 2017|website=NST Online}}</ref>
The Malay gamelan (''gamelan melayu'') form is said to have originated at the palace of ] empire in ] between the 7th and 13th century CE brought from ] by the ], and later flourished in the royal court of the Riau kingdom.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jalal |first= Ahmad Farid Abd. |date=2008 |title= Gamelan Melayu: The Classical Ensemble|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=e7_O0zzkyBMC&q=malay+gamelan+origin&dq=malay+gamelan+origin&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj97qDR6en1AhW9SWwGHdbeDrQQ6AF6BAgKEAM|publisher=Pahang State Museum and the National Department for Culture and Arts, Ministry of Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia}}</ref>
The Malay gamelan was first performed at the ] royal palace in 1600s CE.


===Introduced to Kra Peninsula===
In 2021, ] was listed as a ] by ], part of the intangible cultural heritage of Indonesia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gamelan-01607|title=Gamelan|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021 |website= ich.unesco.org|publisher=UNECO}}</ref>
Gamelan music began in the palace of Terengganu and Pahang in the 19th century when they received a set of gamelan from ].<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Gamelan's Origin |url=http://gamelannerds.yolasite.com/history.php |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref>
⚫ The Malay gamelan was first brought to ] in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage.{{cn|date=March 2021}} Gamelan is commonly played during formal occasions like weddings and traditional ceremonies, such as the {{lang|id|]}}.{{cn|date=February 2022}} In the past,{{when|date=March 2021}} about 80 traditional gamelan music were performed but this has now been reduced to 50, with 12 songs being the common ones, some of them include ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-Ayak'' and ''Seri Rama Balik''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aziz |first1=Ninot |title=Living the Gamelan |publisher=New Straits Times |date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/culture/2020/08/25/good-vibrations-how-to-unite-people-through-gamelan-music|title=Good vibrations: how to unite people through gamelan music &#124; The Star|website=www.thestar.com.my}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/pulse/2017/08/271189/renewing-love-gamelan|title=Renewing the love for gamelan &#124; New Straits Times|first=Adrian|last=David|date=August 22, 2017|website=NST Online}}</ref>


==Instruments== ==Instruments==
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# ''Keromong'', also known as '']'' (a set of 10 small kettle gongs) # ''Keromong'', also known as '']'' (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
# ''Gambang'' (a wooden xylophone) # ''Gambang'' (a wooden xylophone)
# '']'' (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than ''saron kecil'') # '']''  (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than ''saron kecil'')
# ''Saron kecil'', also known as ''saron barung'' (a set of metallophones) # ''Saron kecil'', also known as ''saron barung'' (a set of metallophones)
# ''Saron besar'', also known as ''saron demung'' (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than ''saron kecil'') # ''Saron besar'', also known as ''saron demung'' (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than ''saron kecil'')
# '']'' (a set of 5 large kettle gongs) # '']'' (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
# A pair of hanging ], which are ''gong kecil'' and ''gong besar'' # A pair of hanging ], which are ''gong kecil'' and ''gong besar''
# '']'' (a barrel drum) # '']'' (a barrel drum)


== Joget gamelan == == Joget gamelan ==
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}} }}
{{Dance drama of Southeast Asia}} {{Dance drama of Southeast Asia}}
According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of ]. But today there are only 33 types left as a result of the absence of dance instructors. Among the 33 types of dances that remain are such as ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-ayak'', ''Lambang Sari'', ''Ketam Renjung'', ''Geliung'', ''Lantai Lima'', ''Kending Gajah'', ''Togok Rompin'', ''Kunang-kunang Mabuk'', ''Galuk Merajuk'', ''Silatin'', ''Lolo'' and ''Monab''. According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of ]. But today there are only 33 types left as a result of the absence of dance instructors. Among the 33 types of dances that remain are such as ''Timang Burung'', ''Ayak-ayak'', ''Lambang Sari'', ''Ketam Renjung'', ''Geliung'', ''Lantai Lima'', ''Kending Gajah'', ''Togok Rompin'', ''Kunang-kunang Mabuk'', ''Galuk Merajuk'', ''Silatin'', ''Lolo'' and ''Monab''.


This dance performed exclusively by female dancers can be staged internally or openly. This dance performed exclusively by female dancers can be staged internally or openly.


== See also == == See also ==
{{Portal|Music|Indonesia|Malaysia}} {{Portal|Music|Indonesia}}
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


{{Gamelan}} {{Gamelan}}
{{Indonesian musical instruments}} {{Indonesian musical instruments}}
{{Traditional musical instruments of Malaysia}}


] ]

Revision as of 01:08, 6 February 2022

Indonesian musical instrument and dance of Malay people
Malay gamelan
A Malay gamelan performance performed in Galang island (part of Riau Archipelago) c. 1800s-1900s
Other namesGamelan Melayu
Classification
DevelopedRiau-Lingga Sultanate (present-day Indonesia)
More articles or information
Malay gamelan
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
CountryIndonesia
Various hanging Gongs (gong ageng, gong suwukan, kempul) of Gamelan in Indonesia
Music of Indonesia
Genres
Specific forms
Regional music

The Malay gamelan (Template:Lang-jv; Pegon: ڮاميلان ميلايو; Riau Malay: gamelan melayu; Jawi: ݢاميلن ملايو) is a subclass of gamelan (style of music) originated from Indonesia, performed in Malay-populated regions of Indonesia (particularly in North Sumatra, Riau, Riau Islands, Jambi, Bengkulu, etc.) and Indonesian-influenced regions outside of Indonesia (e.g. Malaysia (particularly in Pahang, Terengganu and Johor)) as well. In 2021, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) officially recognized Gamelan as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity from Indonesia.

Wayang Golek performance accompanied gamelan at the Lebong Donok region of Bengkulu in southwestern coast of Sumatra, c. 1870s-1930s

Etymology

The word of Gamelan derived from the term in Template:Lang-jv, which means "hitting" or "striking" refer to playing of percussion instruments or the act of striking with a mallet, + an (noun-forming suffix). While the word of Melayu refer to the Malays which had its correlation to Melayu Kingdom (a kingdom based in Sumatra island in Western Indonesia).

History

Origin

The Malay gamelan (gamelan melayu) form is said to have originated at the palace of Srivijaya empire in Sumatra between the 7th and 13th century CE brought from Java by the Javanese people, and later flourished in the royal court of the Riau kingdom. The Malay gamelan was first performed at the Riau-Lingga royal palace in 1600s CE.

Introduced to Kra Peninsula

Gamelan music began in the palace of Terengganu and Pahang in the 19th century when they received a set of gamelan from Riau-Lingga. The Malay gamelan was first brought to Kuala Lumpur in 1969 in a public performance. Since then, it has become a part of the Malaysian arts and cultural heritage. Gamelan is commonly played during formal occasions like weddings and traditional ceremonies, such as the wayang kulit. In the past, about 80 traditional gamelan music were performed but this has now been reduced to 50, with 12 songs being the common ones, some of them include Timang Burung, Ayak-Ayak and Seri Rama Balik.

Instruments

Based on the gamelan set discovered in 1966 at Istana Kolam, Terengganu, a set of Terengganu Malay gamelan consists of seven basic instruments:

  1. Keromong, also known as bonang (a set of 10 small kettle gongs)
  2. Gambang (a wooden xylophone)
  3. Saron perkin  (another set of metallophones, slightly smaller than saron kecil)
  4. Saron kecil, also known as saron barung (a set of metallophones)
  5. Saron besar, also known as saron demung (another set of metallophones, slightly bigger than saron kecil)
  6. Kenong (a set of 5 large kettle gongs)
  7. A pair of hanging gongs, which are gong kecil and gong besar
  8. Gendang (a barrel drum)

Joget gamelan

Joget gamelan
Dancers performing a Joget Gamelan dance
EtymologyTemplate:Lang-jv (dance) and Template:Lang-jv (hitting or striking)
GenreTraditional dance
Instrument(s)Malay gamelan
OriginIndonesia, then later introduced to Malaysia
Malay gamelan
  • Part of a series on
    Dance-drama of
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    Topography of Southeast Asia.
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Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
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According to Tengku Mariam, this dance repository originally consisted of 77 types of gamelan. But today there are only 33 types left as a result of the absence of dance instructors. Among the 33 types of dances that remain are such as Timang Burung, Ayak-ayak, Lambang Sari, Ketam Renjung, Geliung, Lantai Lima, Kending Gajah, Togok Rompin, Kunang-kunang Mabuk, Galuk Merajuk, Silatin, Lolo and Monab.

This dance performed exclusively by female dancers can be staged internally or openly.

See also

References

  1. "The Malay Gamelan". themalaygamelan. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  2. "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  3. "Menabuh Gamelan Melayu". 8 July 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  4. "Gambang Mentuda Diambang Kepunahan". 30 July 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  5. "Malay Gamelan Music Experience". tourismperakmalaysia.com. Tourism Perak Malaysia. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  6. "Gamelan". ich.unesco.org. UNECO. 2021.
  7. "History and Etymology for gamelan". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  8. Sumarsam (1998). Introduction to Javanese Gamelan. Middletown.
  9. Lindsay, Jennifer (1992). Javanese Gamelan, p.10. ISBN 0-19-588582-1.
  10. Milner, Anthony (2010), The Malays (The Peoples of South-East Asia and the Pacific), Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 18–19, ISBN 978-1-4443-3903-1
  11. Reid, Anthony (2001). "Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 32 (3): 295–313. doi:10.1017/S0022463401000157. PMID 19192500. S2CID 38870744.
  12. Jalal, Ahmad Farid Abd. (2008). Gamelan Melayu: The Classical Ensemble. Pahang State Museum and the National Department for Culture and Arts, Ministry of Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage Malaysia.
  13. "The History of Gamelan's Origin". Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  14. Aziz, Ninot (1 February 2015). "Living the Gamelan". New Straits Times.
  15. "Good vibrations: how to unite people through gamelan music | The Star". www.thestar.com.my.
  16. David, Adrian (August 22, 2017). "Renewing the love for gamelan | New Straits Times". NST Online.
  17. Zainudin, Aniza (April 3, 2019). "Memartabatkan gamelan". HM Online.
  18. Norsafini, Jafar; Rahmah, Bujang (2015). "Creative Reinvention of Joget Gamelan in Malaysia". International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries. 3 (1). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  19. Norsafini, Jafar; Rahmah, Bujang (2015). "Creative Reinvention of Joget Gamelan in Malaysia". International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries. 3 (1). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
Gamelan
Theory Musicians performing musical ensemble, bas-relief of Borobudur.
A Java-Bali style Gong, hanging in a frame.
Genres &
ensembles
Musicians
Instruments
Colotomic or
phrase-making
Balungan
or melody
Panerusan or
elaborating
Unpitched
Vocals and
clapping
Traditional musical instruments of Indonesia
Gamelan • Kulintang • Kolintang • Talempong • Totobuang
Aerophones
Chordophones
Idiophones
Membranophones
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