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] strongly supported Leviev during Leviev's entrance into the Angolan diamond market and his gaining a monopoly on diamonds exported from Angola.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ivanidze |first1=Vladimir |last2=Shihab |first2=Sophie |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3210--299829-,00.html |title=Poutine cerné par les mafias russes |trans-title=Putin surrounded by Russian mafias |language=fr |work=] |date=November 28, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=December 17, 2002 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20021217000000/https://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3210--299829-,00.html |quote=Archive is in Russian as ''Владимир Путин в окружении мафии''.}} </ref> ] strongly supported Leviev during Leviev's entrance into the Angolan diamond market and his gaining a monopoly on diamonds exported from Angola.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ivanidze |first1=Vladimir |last2=Shihab |first2=Sophie |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3210--299829-,00.html |title=Poutine cerné par les mafias russes |trans-title=Putin surrounded by Russian mafias |language=fr |work=] |date=November 28, 2002 |access-date=September 7, 2021 |archive-date=December 17, 2002 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20021217000000/https://www.lemonde.fr/article/0,5987,3210--299829-,00.html |quote=Archive is in Russian as ''Владимир Путин в окружении мафии''.}} </ref>


As ] came under fire during the ] furor, Leviev increasingly came to dominate the legal Angola diamond market through the Angola Selling Corporation (Ascorp) formed in early 2000 in which the Angolan government maintains half the stake in Ascorp and Leviev and the Omega Diamonds of Antwerp, Belgium, each have about a quarter stake in Ascorp.<ref name=AngolaLeviev>{{cite news |url=http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2002/feb02/0202dn1.html |title=Lev Leviev's Angolan Connection |work=Professional Jeweler Magazine |date=February 2002 |last=Weldon |first=Robert, G.G. |archive-date=June 19, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619203154/http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2002/feb02/0202dn1.html}}</ref> At the same time, all contracts signed with Angola Exploration, Exploitation, Lapidation and Trading Company of Diamonds (]), Angola's state owned diamond marketing company, were declared void which hastened De Beers exit from Angola and thus allowed Leviev to gain a large stake in Angolan diamonds.<ref name=AngolaLeviev/> Leviev says he presented Angola with a plan to reduce smuggling and increase revenue by funneling diamonds through only one source, while others claim the deal was clinched through Leviev's connections with obscure Russian businessmen. Leviev focuses on the benefits his company brings Angola, arguing that before his involvement in 1998, Angola's tax revenue from diamonds was under $10 million but rose to $49 million by 2001: “The government of Angola has obviously profited from this venture.” When critics query how his company benefits not just the government but the people of Angola, he answers that the Leviev Group's heavy investments in Angolan diamonds "will change the informal way of doing business into a more formalized, educated system that helps individual families... We want to help people who work with their hands. We want Angolans to develop many different new skills.”<ref name=AngolaLeviev/> ''New York Magazine'' reported in 2007 that a security company hired by Leviev had been accused by a local human rights group that year "of participating in practices of 'humiliation, whipping, torture, sexual abuse, and, in some cases, assassinations.'<ref name="Meet the Mogul">{{cite news |url=http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/31549/ |title=Meet the Mogul: The Putin pal who just bought the old New York Times Building. |work=] |last=Smith |first=Ben |date=May 4, 2007 |archive-date=May 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509041900/http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/31549/}}</ref> Leviev did not directly respond to the charges, but noted his charitable activities in Angola.<ref name="Meet the Mogul"/> Both ] and Leviev, who has a majority ownership, are partners in Angola's first and, at the time, only ] mine at ] in the ].<ref name=AngolaLeviev/><ref name=LevievIsabelDosSantos>{{cite news |url=http://professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2001/feb01/0201dn.html |title=Angola's Tangled Web: Even with tighter government screening, Angola's diamond supply remains tainted and provides little benefit to the people who live there |work=Professional Jeweler Magazine |last=Weeldon |first=Robert |date=February 2001 |archive-date=August 23, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020823073804/http://professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2001/feb01/0201dn.html}}</ref> In 2014, the Catoca mine was owned by ] with a 32.8% stake, Angolan government holding a 32.8% stake, and Lev Leviev International (LLI) with an 18% stake, and ] holding a 16.4% stake.<ref name=2014Catoca>{{cite news |url=http://www.mining.com/web/the-state-of-global-rough-diamond-supply-2014/ |title=The state of global rough diamond supply 2014 |last=Zimnisky |first=Paul |work=mining.com |via=PaulZimnisky.com |date=March 13, 2014 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> As ] came under fire during the ] furor, Leviev increasingly came to dominate the legal Angola diamond market through the Angola Selling Corporation (Ascorp) formed in early 2000 in which the Angolan government maintains half the stake in Ascorp and Leviev and the Omega Diamonds of Antwerp, Belgium, each have about a quarter stake in Ascorp.<ref name=AngolaLeviev>{{cite news |url=http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2002/feb02/0202dn1.html |title=Lev Leviev's Angolan Connection |work=Professional Jeweler Magazine |date=February 2002 |last=Weldon |first=Robert, G.G. |archive-date=June 19, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020619203154/http://www.professionaljeweler.com/archives/articles/2002/feb02/0202dn1.html}}</ref> At the same time, all contracts signed with Angola Exploration, Exploitation, Lapidation and Trading Company of Diamonds (]), Angola's state owned diamond marketing company, were declared void which hastened De Beers exit from Angola and thus allowed Leviev to gain a large stake in Angolan diamonds.<ref name=AngolaLeviev/> Leviev says he presented Angola with a plan to reduce smuggling and increase revenue by funneling diamonds through only one source, while others claim the deal was clinched through Leviev's connections with obscure Russian businessmen. Leviev focuses on the benefits his company brings Angola, arguing that before his involvement in 1998, Angola's tax revenue from diamonds was under $10 million but rose to $49 million by 2001: “The government of Angola has obviously profited from this venture.” When critics query how his company benefits not just the government but the people of Angola, he answers that the Leviev Group's heavy investments in Angolan diamonds "will change the informal way of doing business into a more formalized, educated system that helps individual families... We want to help people who work with their hands. We want Angolans to develop many different new skills.”<ref name=AngolaLeviev/>


In December 2018, the Luaxe kimberlite deposit named Luele, which is only 25 kilometers from the Catoca mine, will be developed by the Catoca Mining Company which is owned by Endiama and ] each with 41% stake and the Lev Leviev International Holding BV with an 18% stake.<ref name=LuaxeLeviev>{{cite news |url=https://angolaforex.com/en/2018/12/14/Angolan-company-invests-330-millions-of-dollars-in-new-diamond-mine/ |title=Angola's company invests 330 million dollars in new diamond mine |work=angolaforex |date=December 14, 2018 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> Catoca Mining has a 50.5% stake in the Luaxe deposit and expects to begin industrial production at Luaxe after 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thediamondloupe.com/articles/2017-11-15/alrosa-increase-stake-angola%E2%80%99s-catoca-41-commercial-prodn-luaxe-after-2020 |title=Alrosa To Increase Stake in Angola's Catoca to 41%, Commercial Prod'n at Luaxe after 2020 |work=thediamondloupe.com |date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=TassLuele>{{cite news |url=https://tass.com/economy/975694 |title=Commercial diamond production at Angola's Luaxe may begin after 2020 — Alrosa chief: According to the Alrosa president, the development of any major deposit from the project stage to the industrial production stage takes about between four and seven years |agency=Tass |date=November 14, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> With its headquarters at Saurimo, Lunda Sul province, the Catoca Mining Company is the fourth largest producer of diamonds in the world and produces 86.3% by volume and 60.3% by monetary value of Angolan diamonds.<ref name=LuaxeLeviev/> ] will finance the development of Luele which is one of the largest diamond deposits in the world and is expected to more than double Angola's diamond output by 2022.<ref name=RBCLuele>{{cite news |url=https://www.rbc.ru/business/23/05/2017/592465979a79474e95d3eab6 |title=АЛРОСА получит долю в крупном алмазном месторождении в Анголе: АЛРОСА и ВТБ примут участие в ангольском алмазном проекте "Луаше". АЛРОСА получит 16,5% через совместное предприятие с ангольской госкомпанией и может докупить еще 8% в проекте напрямую |trans-title=ALROSA will receive a stake in a large diamond deposit in Angola: ALROSA and VTB will take part in the Angola diamond project “Luache”. ALROSA will receive 16.5% through a joint venture with the Angolan state company and may purchase another 8% in the project directly |last=Русских |first=Алена (Russkikh, Alena) |work=] |date=May 23, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=IsraeliDiamondIndustry>{{cite news |url=https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/news/world/angola-expects-luaxe-mine-double/ |title=Angola Expects the Luaxe Mine to Double the Country's Diamond Output by 2022: "We are currently producing 8 million carats per year and with Luaxe kimberlite, we are going to double the output in five years" |work=Israeli Diamond Industry website |date=February 13, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> In December 2018, the Luaxe kimberlite deposit named Luele, which is only 25 kilometers from the Catoca mine, will be developed by the Catoca Mining Company which is owned by Endiama and ] each with 41% stake and the Lev Leviev International Holding BV with an 18% stake.<ref name=LuaxeLeviev>{{cite news |url=https://angolaforex.com/en/2018/12/14/Angolan-company-invests-330-millions-of-dollars-in-new-diamond-mine/ |title=Angola's company invests 330 million dollars in new diamond mine |work=angolaforex |date=December 14, 2018 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> Catoca Mining has a 50.5% stake in the Luaxe deposit and expects to begin industrial production at Luaxe after 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thediamondloupe.com/articles/2017-11-15/alrosa-increase-stake-angola%E2%80%99s-catoca-41-commercial-prodn-luaxe-after-2020 |title=Alrosa To Increase Stake in Angola's Catoca to 41%, Commercial Prod'n at Luaxe after 2020 |work=thediamondloupe.com |date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref><ref name=TassLuele>{{cite news |url=https://tass.com/economy/975694 |title=Commercial diamond production at Angola's Luaxe may begin after 2020 — Alrosa chief: According to the Alrosa president, the development of any major deposit from the project stage to the industrial production stage takes about between four and seven years |agency=Tass |date=November 14, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref> With its headquarters at Saurimo, Lunda Sul province, the Catoca Mining Company is the fourth largest producer of diamonds in the world and produces 86.3% by volume and 60.3% by monetary value of Angolan diamonds.<ref name=LuaxeLeviev/> ] will finance the development of Luele which is one of the largest diamond deposits in the world and is expected to more than double Angola's diamond output by 2022.<ref name=RBCLuele>{{cite news |url=https://www.rbc.ru/business/23/05/2017/592465979a79474e95d3eab6 |title=АЛРОСА получит долю в крупном алмазном месторождении в Анголе: АЛРОСА и ВТБ примут участие в ангольском алмазном проекте "Луаше". АЛРОСА получит 16,5% через совместное предприятие с ангольской госкомпанией и может докупить еще 8% в проекте напрямую |trans-title=ALROSA will receive a stake in a large diamond deposit in Angola: ALROSA and VTB will take part in the Angola diamond project “Luache”. ALROSA will receive 16.5% through a joint venture with the Angolan state company and may purchase another 8% in the project directly |last=Русских |first=Алена (Russkikh, Alena) |work=] |date=May 23, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name=IsraeliDiamondIndustry>{{cite news |url=https://en.israelidiamond.co.il/news/world/angola-expects-luaxe-mine-double/ |title=Angola Expects the Luaxe Mine to Double the Country's Diamond Output by 2022: "We are currently producing 8 million carats per year and with Luaxe kimberlite, we are going to double the output in five years" |work=Israeli Diamond Industry website |date=February 13, 2017 |access-date=December 6, 2019}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:24, 22 February 2022

Soviet-born Israeli businessman, philanthropist and investor For the Israeli-Russian co-founder of VK.com, see Lev Binzumovich Leviev.
Lev Leviev
Born (1956-07-30) July 30, 1956 (age 68)
Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityIsraeli
OccupationBusinessman
Known forPresident of the World Bukharian Jewish Congress, Support for Chabad Lubavitch
SpouseOlga Leviev
Children9
Websitewww.leviev.com

Lev Leviev (born July 30, 1956) is an Israeli businessman, philanthropist and investor, known as the "King of Diamonds". Leviev has a net worth of $1 billion as of March 2018, and has been a philanthropist for Chabad Hasidic Jewish causes in Eastern Europe and Israel. Beginning in the 1990s, Leviev avoided being directly involved with the Yeltsin family, and nurtured ties with Vladimir Putin. His diamond mining investments in Angola and his investments in Israeli settlements have been the target of protests. He is a prominent member of the Bukharian Jewish community, and is president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.

Early life

See also: Bukharian Jews

Leviev was born in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR in 1956. His family moved to Israel in 1971 where he lived until 2007 when he moved to London. As of 2018, he lives in Russia. His parents, Avner and Chana Leviev, were prominent members of the Bukharian Jewish community, and Leviev is a practicing Orthodox Jew. He is a supporter of the Chabad movement, but as a Bukharan Jew he was brought up in the Bukharan liturgy. In 1971, when he was fifteen, his family emigrated from Uzbekistan to Israel. Alisher Usmanov's father was the prosecutor in Tashkent who helped facilitate the Leviev's departure for Israel.

Start in the diamond trade

Shortly afterwards, Leviev began to work as an apprentice in a diamond polishing plant, learning the 11 steps of the diamond cutting process. After serving in the communications directorate of the Israel Defense Forces, he established his own diamond polishing plant. In 1992, he purchased Russia's oldest jewelry factory, Ruis Diamonds Ltd. of Moscow which specializes in fancy cutting and high-end ideal cuts of larger diamonds and competes with Smolensk Cristal, and the Moscow Jewelry Factory (Template:Lang-ru). Valery Rudakov (Template:Lang-ru), a representative with the Main Directorate of Precious Metals and Diamonds (Glavalmazzolot) and the former head of the Yakutskalmaz trust, facilitated Leviev's ownership of Ruis Diamonds.

Support for Jewish causes

After the Revolutions of 1989, Leviev expanded his business endeavors into Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He received the blessings for success in business and personal support of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Schneerson for his philanthropic activities, which include "an army of some 10,000 Jewish functionaries from Ukraine to Azerbaijan, including 300 rabbis. Most of the 300 rabbis are Chabadniks" - adherents of the Brooklyn-based Chabad Hasidic group. In particular he sponsors many of the activities of the Jewish Learning Initiative.

Political ties and activities

Real estate

According to an article published in The Guardian on July 24, 2017, Jared Kushner sealed a real estate deal in 2015 worth $295 million to purchase space in the former New York Times Building on 43rd Street near Times Square from Leviev's firms Africa Israel Investments and Five Mile Capital. Later, in October 2016, Kushner used this space as a basis for a $285 million loan from Deutsche Bank.

Charity support

Leviev organized the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia (FEOR) (Template:Lang-ru) in 1997 for Russian Jews

Israeli development

Leviev is involved in the construction and develpoment of complexes in Israel. Danya Cebus, Leviev's construction comapny is also building part of Har Homa and Maale Adumim. In 1999, Leviev's company Danya Cebus announced plans to build new homes in Ariel. Through another subsidiary, LIDAR, Leviev appears to be the sole realtor-developer of Zufim.

Business interests

Leviev is an investor in the diamond industry, real estate and chemicals. By an agreement, signed in October 2006, Leviev hoped to get into the incarceration business, as a concessionaire for the first private prison in Israel. However, in September 2009, the Israeli High Court of Justice declared private prisons unconstitutional in Israel.

Leviev is currently controlling shareholder and chairman of Africa-Israel which has numerous large real estate investments in Europe. Africa-Israel is on the verge of insolvency, asking to restructure NIS 21 billion of debt. Trying to save the company from bankruptcy, justice Varda Alshech has confirmed the debt-restructuring arrangement between Africa-Israel and its creditors. However, the justice expressed her disapproval: "The arrangement is far from being the best," Alshech said, because the company "is passing on the damage of its investments to its investors."

Leviev had purchased 60% of Africa-Israel holding company in 1996 for $400 million from Bank Leumi, when the bank was ordered by a court to divest of its non-financial businesses. By 2007 it had swelled to $8 billion in market value. With the onset of the 2007–2008 global financial crisis the value of the company plunged, with company debt reportedly totalling $5.5 billion in September 2009.

Leviev owns diamond mines in Russia and Africa, and is a major competitor to the De Beers international diamond cartel.

In 2005, Africa-Israel completed a $230 million 5,800-apartment project in Modi'in Illit, an ultra-Orthodox settlement in Israel. In early 2007, Africa-Israel opened a luxury jewelry store on Old Bond Street in London and was considering plans to invest billions in the Far East, Argentina, Brazil and Russia. Soon thereafter the global sub-prime mortgage crisis broke, and the value of Africa-Israel's real estate investments plummeted, particularly in New York, where it had invested heavily.

Additionally, he is an international investor in residential real estate, shopping malls, energy, fashion, telecommunications, and media.

Debt restructuring

Following the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Africa Israel Investments was hurt by the drop of real estate values in the United States, Russia and eastern Europe. It defaulted on a series of bonds and in 2010 it restructured 7.4 billion shekels of debt.

Angolan diamonds

Roman Abramovich strongly supported Leviev during Leviev's entrance into the Angolan diamond market and his gaining a monopoly on diamonds exported from Angola.

As De Beers came under fire during the blood diamonds furor, Leviev increasingly came to dominate the legal Angola diamond market through the Angola Selling Corporation (Ascorp) formed in early 2000 in which the Angolan government maintains half the stake in Ascorp and Leviev and the Omega Diamonds of Antwerp, Belgium, each have about a quarter stake in Ascorp. At the same time, all contracts signed with Angola Exploration, Exploitation, Lapidation and Trading Company of Diamonds (Endiama), Angola's state owned diamond marketing company, were declared void which hastened De Beers exit from Angola and thus allowed Leviev to gain a large stake in Angolan diamonds. Leviev says he presented Angola with a plan to reduce smuggling and increase revenue by funneling diamonds through only one source, while others claim the deal was clinched through Leviev's connections with obscure Russian businessmen. Leviev focuses on the benefits his company brings Angola, arguing that before his involvement in 1998, Angola's tax revenue from diamonds was under $10 million but rose to $49 million by 2001: “The government of Angola has obviously profited from this venture.” When critics query how his company benefits not just the government but the people of Angola, he answers that the Leviev Group's heavy investments in Angolan diamonds "will change the informal way of doing business into a more formalized, educated system that helps individual families... We want to help people who work with their hands. We want Angolans to develop many different new skills.”

In December 2018, the Luaxe kimberlite deposit named Luele, which is only 25 kilometers from the Catoca mine, will be developed by the Catoca Mining Company which is owned by Endiama and Alrosa each with 41% stake and the Lev Leviev International Holding BV with an 18% stake. Catoca Mining has a 50.5% stake in the Luaxe deposit and expects to begin industrial production at Luaxe after 2020. With its headquarters at Saurimo, Lunda Sul province, the Catoca Mining Company is the fourth largest producer of diamonds in the world and produces 86.3% by volume and 60.3% by monetary value of Angolan diamonds. VTB will finance the development of Luele which is one of the largest diamond deposits in the world and is expected to more than double Angola's diamond output by 2022.

Philanthropy

Leviev is a major supporter of Jewish philanthropic causes and president of the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC), an umbrella body representing Jewish communities across the former Soviet Union. He is the founder of the Ohr Avner Foundation (named for Leviev's father). A prominent member of the Bukharan Jewish community, he serves as president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.

Personal life

Leviev moved to Hampstead, London, with his wife Olga, son Joshua and their daughter, Ruthie, in 2007. As a keen follower of golf, Leviev also maintains a house in the beach resort of Ponte Vedra, Florida.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

Notes

  1. During the 1980s, the Glavalmazzolot (Template:Lang-ru) was formed as a state owned enterprise to manage the production of gold and diamonds in the Soviet Union, as well as the cutting and jewelry industry, wholesale trade in diamonds, diamonds and jewelry in the USSR and abroad.

References

  1. ^ "Forbes profile: Lev Leviev". Forbes. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  2. "Leviev's Africa Israel stock plummets". JTA - Jewish & Israel News. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009.
  3. Berman, Phyllis; Goldman, Lea (September 15, 2003). "Cracked De Beers: Lev Leviev is taking on the most successful cartel in the world". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 5, 2003.
  4. Melhman, Yossi (December 11, 2005). "No love lost". Haaretz. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  5. "Lev Leviev". Adalah-NY. 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  6. ^ Крутов, Марк (Krutov, Mark) (November 8, 2018). "Конец "алмазного короля". Арестованы родственники друга Путина и Трампа" [The end of the diamond king. Relatives of a friend of both Putin and Trump is arrested]. Свобода (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. "Police said to reject terms set by diamond magnate Leviev for return to Israel: TV report says there will be no guarantees the billionaire can leave Israel if he returns for questioning over huge diamond smuggling case". Times of Israel. November 24, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  8. ^ "Leviev Lev (Africa - Israel Group)". Rough-Polished website. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011.
  9. ISRALend: Леваев заинтересован в том, чтобы АЛРОСА перешла под контроль Усманова и Керимова
  10. "Лев Леваев купил права на Playboy и Pamela Anderson вместе с производителем украшений" [Lev Leviev bought the rights to Playboy and Pamela Anderson together with a jewelry manufacturer]. Kommersant (in Russian). September 11, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  11. ^ Weldon, Robert (January 2002). "The Discreet Tycoon: Many jewelers don't yet know Lev Leviev, though his share of worldwide diamond holdings, diversified investments and political contacts make him a force to be reckoned with". The Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on November 16, 2002.
  12. ^ Protess, Ben; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Drucker, Jesse (July 19, 2017). "Big German Bank, Key to Trump's Finances, Faces New Scrutiny". New York Times. Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  13. Kranish, Michael (June 25, 2017). "Kushner firm's $285 million Deutsche Bank loan came just before Election Day". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  14. "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". jpost.com. July 9, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  15. "$50 Million Private Investment In Ariel". Israel Business Today. June 1, 1999. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  16. David Bloom (December 18, 2004). "Israeli Settlement Seizes Palestinian Farmland". Scoop. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  17. Zarchin, Tomer; Lis, Jonathan (November 19, 2009). "High Court: Israeli Prisons Will Not Be Privatized". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009.
  18. TA market drops as Africa-Israel plunges | Business News | Jerusalem Post
  19. "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". jpost.com. July 9, 2012. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  20. ^ Asa-El, Amotz (September 22, 2009). "How an Israeli king of diamonds overplayed his hand". Marketwatch (Wall Street Journal). Archived from the original on June 8, 2011.
  21. Avriel, Eytan; Rolnik, Guy; Coren, Ora (February 3, 2007). "Africa-Israel is to Africa and Israel as Apple is to fruit". Haaretz. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
  22. Starkman, Rotem (September 1, 2009). "Lev Leviev, then and now". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009.
  23. "Africa Israel board approves debt restructuring plan". Reuters. Jerusalem. February 8, 2010. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018.
  24. Ivanidze, Vladimir; Shihab, Sophie (November 28, 2002). "Poutine cerné par les mafias russes" [Putin surrounded by Russian mafias]. Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on December 17, 2002. Retrieved September 7, 2021. Archive is in Russian as Владимир Путин в окружении мафии. Alt URL
  25. ^ Weldon, Robert, G.G. (February 2002). "Lev Leviev's Angolan Connection". Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on June 19, 2002.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ "Angola's company invests 330 million dollars in new diamond mine". angolaforex. December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  27. "Alrosa To Increase Stake in Angola's Catoca to 41%, Commercial Prod'n at Luaxe after 2020". thediamondloupe.com. November 15, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  28. "Commercial diamond production at Angola's Luaxe may begin after 2020 — Alrosa chief: According to the Alrosa president, the development of any major deposit from the project stage to the industrial production stage takes about between four and seven years". Tass. November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  29. Русских, Алена (Russkikh, Alena) (May 23, 2017). "АЛРОСА получит долю в крупном алмазном месторождении в Анголе: АЛРОСА и ВТБ примут участие в ангольском алмазном проекте "Луаше". АЛРОСА получит 16,5% через совместное предприятие с ангольской госкомпанией и может докупить еще 8% в проекте напрямую" [ALROSA will receive a stake in a large diamond deposit in Angola: ALROSA and VTB will take part in the Angola diamond project “Luache”. ALROSA will receive 16.5% through a joint venture with the Angolan state company and may purchase another 8% in the project directly]. RBC (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. "Angola Expects the Luaxe Mine to Double the Country's Diamond Output by 2022: "We are currently producing 8 million carats per year and with Luaxe kimberlite, we are going to double the output in five years"". Israeli Diamond Industry website. February 13, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  31. Greer Fay Cashman (April 2, 205). "Grapevine: A 100-ton gift of the bread of affliction". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  32. Andrew Higgins (April 7, 2018). "In Bukhara, 10000 Jewish Graves but Just 150 Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  33. Bachner, Michael (November 15, 2018). "Police believe Leviev workers had diamonds smuggled into Israel in condoms: Investigators in mass fraud probe say Russian-Israeli billionaire's enterprise hired couriers to hide gems inside bodies, a tactic typically employed by crime organizations". Times of Israel. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  34. "Leviev diamond company urges AG to probe police role in employee's suicide: LLB Diamonds, at center of investigation into alleged gem smuggling, says pressure and threats led Mazal Hadadi to jump from tenth floor of Ramat Gan Diamond Exchange". Times of Israel. November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.

https://nypost.com/2022/01/11/russian-diamond-heiress-nabs-trump-tower-spread-for-1-4m/

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