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	{{whois\|AT&T Corp, US}}

			{{Short description\|Mobile operating system}}
	== August 2020 ==
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2014}}
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			{{Infobox OS
	:
			\| name = Sailfish OS
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			\| logo = Sailfish logo.svg
			\| screenshot = SailfishOS Screenshot1.png
			\| caption =
			\| developer = ]
			\| family = ] (])
			\| working state = Current
			\| source model = Open source with added closed-source components and extensions of third parties which can be of other licences as well.<ref name="EULA" /><ref name="License" />
			\| released = 16 November 2013<ref>{{cite web \|publisher=CodeRUS \|title=Sailversion \|url=https://coderus.openrepos.net/whitesoft/sailversion\|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref>
			\| latest release version = 4.4.0.58 (Vanha Rauma)
			\| latest release date = {{Start date and age\|df=yes\|2022\|03\|29}}
			\| marketing target = Mobile and general purpose
			\| programmed in = ], ]
			\| language = English for development, SDK & supporting documentation; over 21 national languages versions of UI in user's device
			\| update model =
			\| package manager = ]<ref>{{cite web \|publisher=SailfishOS.org \|title=Packaging Applications for Distribution \|url=https://linux.die.net/man/1/pkcon\|work=SailfishOS.org \|access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref>
			\| supported platforms = ] and ] ] and 64-bit ]
			\| kernel type = ]
			\| userland = ]
			\| license = For end-user the EULA defines used open source and other licences components with a component's origin.<ref name="EULA" /><ref name="License" />
			\| preceded by = ] by alliance of ] & ]
			\| website = {{URL\|https://sailfishos.org/}}
			}}
			], ] and ] in September 2012]]

			'''Sailfish OS''' is a ] ] based on ], and ] projects such as ] as well as including a closed source ]. The project is being developed by the ] company ].
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	:
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			The OS first shipped with the original ] in 2013 (its sale stopped in 2016, but it was supplied with software updates until the end of 2020), then the Jolla Tablet in 2015<ref>{{cite web\|title=Jolla Tablet: Aiming for Closure\|url=https://blog.jolla.com/jolla-tablet-closure/\|website=Official Jolla Blog\|date=28 January 2016\|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref> and from other vendors licensing the OS.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Jolla signs up India's Intex as first {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} licensee\|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2949112/jolla-signs-up-indias-intex-as-first-sailfish-os-licensee.html\|website=PCWorld\|access-date=26 February 2016}}</ref> The OS is ported by community enthusiasts to third-party mobile devices including ]<ref>{{cite web\|title={{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} on Fairphone 2 – a community driven project\|date=31 January 2016\|url=http://reviewjolla.blogspot.fi/2016/01/news-story-sailfish-os-on-fairphone-2.html\|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{cite web\|title=Adaptations/libhybris\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris\|website=mer project wiki\|access-date=8 September 2016}}</ref> Sailfish OS can be used for many kinds of devices.
	== September 2020 ==
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			==History and development==
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			The OS is an evolved continuation of the Linux ] OS previously developed by alliance of ] and ] which itself relies on combined ] and ]. The MeeGo legacy is contained in the Mer core in about 80% of its code; the Mer name thus expands to '''ME'''ego '''R'''econstructed. This base is extended by Jolla with a custom user interface and default applications. Jolla and MERproject.org follow a ] to avoid the mistakes that led to the MeeGo project's then-unanticipated discontinuation.
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			The main elements for {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS 2.0}} include:
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			* Technically stronger OS core
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			* Improved Android application compatibility
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			* Support for ARM and Intel architectures, including the Intel Atom x3 processor, or any platform with kernel useable (settle-able) for MER core stack (also called middleware of Sailfish).
			* Design to provide visibility in the UI for digital content providers and to enable OS level integration for mobile commerce
			* Strong multitasking (one of the most important advantage of the OS and declared to be the best one on the market)
			* Strong privacy and personalization features
			* Enhanced user interface with new UI/UX features, including simpler swipe access to main functions, enhanced notifications and events views.

			==Software architecture==
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			The {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} and the Sailfish ] (SDK) are based on the ] and ].<ref>{{cite web \|title=SailfishOS.org \|url=https://sailfishos.org/\|website=Sailfishos.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url= http://blog.laptopmag.com/sailfish-os-5-things-jolla \|title=What is {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}? 5 Things to Know\|website=Blog.laptopmag.com\|date=20 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="SailfishOS.org">{{cite web \|url=https://sailfishos.org/about-architecture.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002211709/https://sailfishos.org/about-architecture.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2013-10-02 \|title=SailfishOS.org }}</ref> {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} includes a multi-tasking ] called "Lipstick" built with ] by Jolla on top of the ].<ref name="osnews-jolla-review">{{cite web \|url=http://www.osnews.com/story/27545/From_Providence_to_Lahaina_the_Jolla_review \|title=From Providence to Lahaina: the Jolla review \|last=Holwerda \|first=Thom \|date=30 January 2014 \|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> Jolla uses ]s but the ] library allows use of proprietary drivers for ].<ref>{{cite web \|url= https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTM0OTE \|title=Jolla Brings Wayland Atop Android GPU Drivers\|website=Phoronix.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url= https://sailfishos.org/about-technology.html \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153317/https://sailfishos.org/about-technology.html \|url-status= dead \|archive-date= 2013-11-02 \|title= SailfishOS.org }}</ref> Jolla's stated goal is for Sailfish to be open source eventually.<ref name=License>{{cite web \|title=Sailfish License Information \|url=https://sailfishos.org/about-license.html \|publisher=Jolla \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044101/https://sailfishos.org/about-license.html \|archive-date=1 January 2015}}</ref>{{Update inline\|?=yes\|reason=Currently Sailfish's website does not appear to claim that OS will be eventually opensourced.\|date=February 2015}}

			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} can run some Android applications through a proprietary compatibility layer.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Jolla OS Will Run Android Apps Says CEO Jussi Hurmola \|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/375368/20120820/jolla-os-running-android-apps-jussi-hurmola.htm \|date=2012-08-20 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825011134/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/375368/20120820/jolla-os-running-android-apps-jussi-hurmola.htm \|archive-date=25 August 2012 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>
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			===Targeted device classes===
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			Sailfish is targeted at mobile devices,{{citation needed\|date=June 2020}} but since it inherited around 80% of MeeGo code, Sailfish can be used as a complete general-purpose Linux OS on devices including ] (IVI), navigation, smart TV, desktops and notebooks, yachts, automotive, e-commerce, home appliances, measuring and control equipment, smart building equipment, etc. See use cases of original MeeGo to compare,{{citation needed\|date=June 2020}} and the ] section for devices that run the {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}.
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	==~~October~~ ~~2020~~==		===Sailfish OS SDK===
			The {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} SDK was announced at the ] conference in 2012, and the ] was published in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web\|title={{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} SDK Alpha released\|date=25 February 2013\|url=http://www.tizenexperts.com/2013/02/sailfish-os-jolla-sdk/\|publisher=Tizen Experts\|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> The SDK, installation and coding tutorials are available for free download from the {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} website despite the overall license not being open source.<ref name="EULA">{{cite web \|title=Sailfish End User License Agreement \|url=http://jolla.com/sailfish-eula/ \|publisher=Jolla \|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
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			Sailfish SDK uses ] with ] for development, compiling and ] purposes, in contrast to the ] method.{{citation needed\|date=December 2014}} This technique allows compilation on the {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} and full testing of developed software in the ], emulating{{snd}}not simulating{{snd}}the whole {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}.{{citation needed\|date=December 2014}} This also separates development activities and side effects from everything else running on the host computer, leaving it undisturbed by developments and tests.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Developer FAQ\|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/develop-faq/\|website=Sailfishos.org\|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> According to Jolla, development with Sailfish SDK is development on {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} itself; there are no differences between developed software appearance and behaviour in the SDK and on a device running {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}.{{citation needed\|date=November 2014}}
	] Please stop your ]. If you continue to ] pages by deliberately introducing incorrect information, as you did at ], you may be ]. <!-- Template:uw-error3 --> ] <sup>]</sup> 21:36, 15 October 2020 (UTC)

			The availability of source code to the SDK allows shaping and rebuilding to companies' or developers' specific needs,{{citation needed\|date=November 2014}} creating a context-specific environment that is set once and needs no preparation when the device is booted. The SDK runs on the operating systems ], ] and ] versions of ], 64-bit versions of ], and ].<ref>{{cite web \|title=SDK Installation \|website=Sailfishos.org \|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/develop-installation-article/ \|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> It can be used for compiling software for {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} devices from Linux sources. Its general console/terminal mode follows a commonly used standard. Compatible binaries or libraries can also be used.{{citation needed\|date=November 2014}}
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			===Application programming interfaces===
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			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} uses open source Qt APIs (Qt 5, QtQuick 2 etc.) and a closed source Sailfish Silica for the UI. Standard Linux APIs are provided by the Mer Core.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/sdk-overview/\|title=Software Development Kit\|publisher={{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} \|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>

			Sailfish, ] and ] have been cooperating to share common APIs. When successful, this will make the platforms compatible on the API level.<ref>{{cite web\|title= QML component APIs and techniques\|url=http://lists.qt-project.org/pipermail/qt-components/2013-January/000126.html\|access-date=20 February 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903141158/http://lists.qt-project.org/pipermail/qt-components/2013-January/000126.html\|archive-date=3 September 2014\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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			Sailfish Browser is the default web browser based on ] and using embedlite (also known as IPCLiteAPI), a lite-weight embedding API from Mozilla.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/sailfishos/sailfish-browser\|title=Sailfish Browser\|website=]\|date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
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			==Software overview==
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			] ] ]]

	== ~~March~~ ~~2021~~ ==		===UI supported human languages===
			Officially Jolla declares supporting the following 14 languages for the user interface:
			], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. For each of them, the OS has a dedicated keyboard. There are a few more languages which are unofficially supported by community freelancers not under control by Jolla, hence more than 20 languages are supported in total. Additional languages can be installed by skilled users due to the Linux architecture.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Language Settings\|url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/202109956-Language-Settings\|website=Jolla com\|publisher=Jolla ltd\|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref>

			===Public "Early access" for beta testers and developers===
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			After positive experiences with pushing early updates to a small group of opt-in users for Sailfish Update 9 and for the connectivity hotfix, Jolla has allowed all interested parties to try a new version of {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} about 1–2 weeks before official release, in a program called "Early access". It is expected to be useful for developers and technically minded users, and a step towards more community integration into the Sailfish release process, including improvement of quality by identifying critical issues which only show up in certain environments or device setups, before rolling the update out to the wider user audience. As an added bonus, it provides a window for developers to test their applications on new releases of {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}.

			In the long term it will help Jolla to establish a developer program with early release candidate access for registered developers, and to have more community involvement in platform development. The first detail Jolla is hoping to learn from this is how it can gather feedback from a large audience in a reasonable way.
	] Hello. An edit request you recently made was empty and has been removed. Please see ] for more information on how to prepare a proper request. If you have any questions, you can leave me a message on ]. Thank you,<!-- Template:Empty edit request --> ‑‑''']''' <small>(])</small> 19:17, 12 March 2021 (UTC)
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			Basic details about the early access update:
	<div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #a9a9a9; background-color: #ffefd5; min-height: 40px">]<div style="margin-left:45px">Anonymous users from this IP address have been ''']''' from editing for a period of '''6 months''' to prevent further ]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, please read the ], then add the following text below the block notice on your talk page: <!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. Do not include the "tlx\|" code. -->{{tlx\|unblock\|2=reason=''Your reason here ~~~~''}}.  ] ] 20:03, 25 March 2021 (UTC)</div></div>
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			* The early release access is meant primarily for advanced users and developers.
	==ANI notice==
			* To sign up for the program there is a checkbox in the Jolla accounts profile page.
	] There is currently a discussion at ] regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Thank you.<!--Template:Discussion notice--><!--Template:ANI-notice--> ‑‑] (]) 14:48, 14 May 2021 (UTC)
			* Installed early-access release cannot be downgraded. The only way to downgrade from early access releases is to do a factory reset after removing the sign up check from the user's account profile.
			* Early access releases should be considered "reasonably stable". Issues found during that period will either be fixed, or added to "known issues" on the release notes.
			* Signing up for the early access releases will not void warranty.<ref name=aard-earlyaccess>{{cite web\|last1=Wachter\|first1=Bernd (Aard)\|title= Early access to SailfishOS releases \|url=https://together.jolla.com/question/79835/official-announcement-early-access-to-sailfishos-releases/\|website=together.jolla.com\|access-date=11 May 2017}}</ref>

			===Version history===
	== November 2021 ==
			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} has three naming conventions: version number, update number and version name.
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			* Sailfish OS 1.0 versions were named after ].<ref name="thejollablog.wordpress.com">{{cite web \|url=http://thejollablog.wordpress.com/2013/11/28/jolla-system-updates-will-be-named-after-a-finnish-lake \|title=Jolla system updates will be named after a Finnish lake \|last=Suomalainen \|first=Aleksi \|work=The Jolla Blog \|date=28 November 2013 \|access-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?\|date=April 2014}}
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			* Sailfish OS 2.0 supports the Jolla Tablet with ] platforms and featured a reworked touch based UI. Releases were named after ].<ref name="together.jolla.com">{{cite web \|url=https://together.jolla.com/question/139603/release-notes-202aurajoki-released/ \|title=release notes 2.0.2/Aurajoki \|date=28 July 2016 \|access-date=5 October 2016}}</ref>
			* Sailfish OS 3.0 and 4.0 features a slightly reworked UI. Releases are named after ].<ref name="Official Jolla Blog">{{cite web \|url=https://blog.jolla.com/sailfish3/ \|title=Sailfish 3 is here! \|date=31 October 2018 \|access-date=2 February 2019}}</ref>
			* Sailfish OS 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 features 64 bit support on the Sony Xperia 10 II, plus a new sharing system. Releases are named after ].<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-09-16\|title=Sailfish OS Verla introduces a new sharing system, camera updates, and more\|url=https://blog.jolla.com/verla/\|access-date=2021-10-03\|website=Jolla Blog\|language=en-US}}</ref>

			{\| class="wikitable"
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			\|-
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			! Software version<ref>{{cite web \|publisher=Jolla Oy \|title=Sailfish OS release notes up to v3.3.0 \|url=https://together.jolla.com/questions/scope:all/sort:age-desc/tags:release-notes,update/ \|access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|publisher=Jolla Oy \|title=Sailfish OS release notes since v3.4.0 \|url=https://forum.sailfishos.org/tag/release-notes/l/latest \|access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> !! Initial release date<ref>{{cite web \|publisher=CodeRUS \|title=Sailversion \|url=https://coderus.openrepos.net/whitesoft/sailversion \|access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref> !! Name<ref>{{cite web \|publisher=Review Jolla \|title=History of Sailfish OS 1.0 by Jolla \|url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.com/2015/07/history-of-sailfish-os-10-by-jolla.html \|date=2015-08-10 \|access-date=2021-11-22}}</ref>

			\|-
			\| v0.99.5 \|\| 13 November 2013 \|\| Haaganlampi (only for subscribed developers)
			\|-
			\| v0.99.6 \|\| 11 November 2013 \|\| Idörpottarna (only for subscribed developers)
			\|-
			\| v1.0.0 \|\| 16 November 2013 \|\| Kaajanlampi (initial public release)
			\|-
			\| v1.0.1 \|\| 2 December 2013 \|\| Laadunjärvi ("Update 1")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.2 \|\| 27 December 2013 \|\| Maadajärvi ("Update 2")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.3 \|\| 27 January 2014 \|\| Naamankajärvi ("Update 3")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.4 \|\| 11 March 2014 \|\| Ohijärvi ("Update 4")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.5 \|\| 7 April 2014 \|\| Paarlampi ("Update 5")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.6 \|\| Not released \|\| Raatejärvi ("Update 6"), was merged into v1.0.7
			\|-
			\| v1.0.7 \|\| 3 June 2014 \|\| Saapunki ("Update 7")
			\|-
			\| v1.0.8 \|\| 3 July 2014 \|\| Tahkalampi ("Update 8")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.0 \|\| 16 September 2014 \|\| Uitukka ("Update 9"), was labelled as "opt-in upgrade"
			\|-
			\| v1.1.1 \|\| 14 December 2014 \|\| Vaarainjärvi ("Update 10")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.2 \|\| 1 February 2015 \|\| Yliaavanlampi ("Update 11")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.3 \|\| Not released \|\| Åkanttrasket ("Update 12"), was merged into v1.1.4
			\|-
			\| v1.1.4 \|\| 24 March 2015 \|\| Äijänpäivänjärvi ("Update 13")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.5 \|\| Not released \|\| Österviken ("Update 14"), was dropped at release candidate stage
			\|-
			\| v1.1.6 \|\| 27 May 2015 \|\| Aaslakkajärvi ("Update 15")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.7 \|\| 24 June 2015 \|\| Björnträsket ("Update 16")
			\|-
			\| v1.1.9 \|\| 18 August 2015 \|\| Eineheminlampi ("Update 17")
			\|-
			\| v2.0.0 \|\| 19 October 2015 \|\| Saimaa ("Update 18")
			\|-
			\| v2.0.1 \|\| 12 January 2016 \|\| Taalojärvi ("Update 19")
			\|-
			\| v2.0.2 \|\| 13 May 2016 \|\| Aurajoki ("Update 20")
			\|-
			\| v2.0.3 \|\| 6 July 2016 \|\| Espoonjoki ("Update 21"), OS version solely for the Turing Phone
			\|-
			\| v2.0.4 \|\| 4 November 2016 \|\| Fiskarsinjoki ("Update 22")
			\|-
			\| v2.0.5 \|\| 14 December 2016 \|\| Haapajoki ("Update 23")
			\|-
			\| v2.1.0 \|\| 3 February 2017 \|\| Iijoki ("Update 24")
			\|-
			\| v2.1.1 \|\| 15 May 2017 \|\| Jämsänjoki
			\|-
			\| v2.1.2 \|\| 20 September 2017 \|\| Kiiminkijoki
			\|-
			\| v2.1.3 \|\| 6 October 2017 \|\| Kymijoki
			\|-
			\| v2.1.4 \|\| 12 February 2018 \|\| Lapuanjoki
			\|-
			\| v2.2.0 \|\| 30 May 2018 \|\| Mouhijoki
			\|-
			\| v2.2.1 \|\| 31 August 2018 \|\| Nurmonjoki
			\|-
			\| v3.0.0 \|\| 29 October 2018 \|\| Lemmenjoki
			\|-
			\| v3.0.1 \|\| 2 January 2019 \|\| Sipoonkorpi
			\|-
			\| v3.0.2 \|\| 13 March 2019 \|\| Oulanka
			\|-
			\| v3.0.3 \|\| 23 April 2019 \|\| Hossa
			\|-
			\| v3.1.0 \|\| 15 July 2019 \|\| Seitseminen
			\|-
			\| v3.2.0 \|\| 24 October 2019 \|\| Torronsuo
			\|-
			\| v3.2.1 \|\| 5 December 2019 \|\| Nuuksio
			\|-
			\| v3.3.0 \|\| 1 April 2020 \|\| Rokua
			\|-
			\| v3.4.0 \|\| 22 September 2020 \|\| Pallas-Yllästunturi (the final release for the ])<ref>Last version to support the original ] </ref>
			\|-
			\| v4.0.1 \|\| 3 February 2021 \|\| Koli
			\|-
			\| v4.1.0 \|\| 10 May 2021 \|\| Kvarken
			\|-
			\| v4.2.0 \|\| 25 August 2021 \|\| Verla
			\|-
			\| v4.3.0 \|\| 28 October 2021 \|\| Suomenlinna
			\|-
			\| v4.4.0 \|\| 15 March 2022 \|\| Vanha Rauma<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://forum.sailfishos.org/t/release-notes-vanha-rauma-4-4-0/10656\|title = [Release notes] Vanha Rauma 4.4.0\|date = 11 March 2022}}</ref>
			\|}

			===Stop releases===
			When updating an installed Sailfish OS from an earlier release, for example after device factory reset, there are several '''stop releases'''<ref>{{cite web \|title=Sailfish OS stop releases \|url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/201836347#4.1 \|website=The Stop Releases (so far) \|publisher=Jolla Oy \|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> which must not be skipped and have to be installed before continuing on the path to subsequent releases. These releases provide new functionality that is not compatible with previous releases and have to be traversed in order not to put the Sailfish OS installation into an unstable state.
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Software version !! Release date !! Name
			\|-
			\| v1.0.2.5 \|\| 27 December 2013 \|\| Maadajärvi
			\|-
			\| v1.1.2.16 \|\| 25 February 2015 \|\| Yliaavanlampi
			\|-
			\| v1.1.7.28 \|\| 31 August 2015 \|\| Björnträsket
			\|-
			\| v1.1.9.30 \|\| 22 October 2015 \|\| Eineheminlampi
			\|-
			\| v2.0.0.10 \|\| 3 November 2015 \|\| Saimaa
			\|-
			\| v2.0.5.6 \|\| 22 November 2016 \|\| Haapajoki (only a stop release for some devices, e.g., the Jolla C / Intex Aquafish)
			\|-
			\| v2.2.0.29 \|\| 7 June 2018 \|\| Mouhijoki
			\|-
			\| v3.0.0.8 \|\| 11 November 2018 \|\| Lemmenjoki
			\|-
			\| v3.2.0.12 \|\| 5 November 2019 \|\| Torronsuo
			\|-
			\| v3.4.0.24 \|\| 13 October 2020 \|\| Pallas-Yllästunturi
			\|-
			\| v4.0.1.48 \|\| 16 February 2021 \|\| Koli
			\|-
			\| v4.1.0.24 \|\| 27 May 2021 \|\| Kvarken
			\|-
			\| v4.2.0.21 \|\| 16 September 2021 \|\| Verla
			\|-
			\| v4.3.0.15 \|\| 16 February 2022 \|\| Suomenlinna
			\|-
			\| v4.4.0.58 \|\| 29 March 2022 \|\| Vanha Rauma
			\|}

			===Porting===
			The Sailfish website publishes<ref name="PortingHarmattan">{{cite web \|url=https://sailfishos.org/Porting/Harmattan \|title=Porting/Hartmattan – SailfishOS \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103540/https://sailfishos.org/Porting/Harmattan \|archive-date=6 October 2014 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> an online compendium of knowledge, links and instructions on porting issues.

			===Using Android software running on {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}===
			In addition to its native applications, Sailfish can run some Android applications by installing them from an application store or directly through an ]. Supported Android versions are 4.1.2 "Jelly Bean" on the original ]; 4.4.4 "Kit-Kat" on the Jolla C, Jolla tablet and ]; 8.1.0 "Oreo", 9 "Pie" and 10 (depending on the Sailfish OS release) on ], ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://jolla.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/201440787-What-Android-apps-does-Sailfish-OS-support-and-how-do-I-get-them-#2\|title=What Android apps does Sailfish OS support and how do I get them?}}</ref> Problems can arise if these applications were built without following Android standards about controls, which might not display correctly and so become unusable.

			Sailfish OS uses ], a ] Android compatibility layer. It does not ] Android, but instead implements its APIs by adapting the ] code to run as an application. Android applications can thus run at native speed without any perceivable ]. Sailfish can run both native Sailfish and Android software simultaneously, with the user switching between them on the fly.<ref>{{cite news \|last=McAllister \|first=Neil \|title=Jolla's Android-aping {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} smartphones to land in November \|work=The Register \|publisher=Situation Publishing \|date=2013-11-15 \|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/15/jolla_phones_to_ship_in_november/ \|access-date=16 November 2013}}</ref>

			Starting with Alien Dalvik 8.1 (also called "Android App Support" since then), it uses ]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://together.jolla.com/question/198359/release-notes-sailfish-x-beta-30114/\|title= Sailfish X Beta (3.0.1.14) - together.jolla.com\|website=together.jolla.com}}</ref> to improve security by better isolation, in the same way the open source Android compatibility layer ] is doing.

			==Hardware overview==

			===Advantages of the Mer standard===
			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} can be used on any hardware with Linux-kernel support and compatible with the middleware utilising the ]. Community enthusiasts have ported {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} to a number of devices this way.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris#Smartphones\|title=Adaptations/libhybris – Mer Wiki\|website=wiki.merproject.org}}</ref> Instead of designation to a specific reference hardware platform, a ] implementation with the {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} SDK is available for development on Linux, OS X and Windows operating systems. This virtual machine implementation contains the whole {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} isolated from local resources and the local OS to enable convenient evaluation of the behaviour and performance of coded or ported software before deployment on real devices.{{citation needed\|date=November 2014}}

			{{anchor\|Devices}}

			===Jolla devices===
			* Jolla C
			* Jolla Tablet
			* ]

			===Devices from other vendors licensing {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}===
			Manufacturers can provide mobile equipment with a licensed {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}, or as open source, or combining both and including their own or the operator's modifications and branding for specific markets or purposes.
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X
			* ] – via Sailfish X

			===Community enthusiasts' ports to devices from other vendors===
			Due to the relative ease of porting and the open source license, {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} has also been unofficially ported<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.it/p/devices.html\|title=Devices\|website=reviewjolla.blogspot.it\|access-date=2017-11-02}}</ref> to other 3rd-party devices. The Hardware Adaptation Development Kit for porters has been published and is free.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Hardware Adaptation Development Kit\|url=https://sailfishos.org/develop/hadk/\|website=Hardware Adaptation Development Kit\|publisher=sailfishos.org\|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> These ports are mostly published on the ] and ] forums, and in the ] wiki a list of the ports is compiled.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=merproject.org community\|first1=Sledge\|title=Adaptations/libhybris\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris\|website=wiki.merproject.org/wiki\|publisher=merproject.org\|access-date=28 August 2015}}</ref> Due to license restrictions, proprietary parts or extensions such as the ] compatibility layer for Android apps are not included. However they can be added, e.g. when a manufacturer or distributor turns it from the community version into an officially supported version for a particular device. From the originally more than 80 ports, there are about 19 ports that are still in active development – as of March 2019 – meaning they have been updated to Sailfish 3:

			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_idol3\|title=Install SailfishOS for idol3\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_fp2\|title=Install SailfishOS for fp2\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite tweet \|user=chenliangchen \|number=1114494724264595457 \|date=6 April 2019 \|title=A short tour of #SailfishOS on @thefxtec Pro1. Despite early adaptation stage UI is already pretty smooth.}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet\|user=adampigg\| number=1144341358028763143\| date=27 June 2019\| title=Working with @Mister1Magister and @NotTheKit to bring up #sailfishos on the @thefxtec Pro1 :) (ignore the huge icons for now!) @chenliangchen}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet\| user=Mister1Magister\| number=1143806462528905216\| date=26 June 2019\|title=Hold my beer #Jolla #SailfishOS @JollaHQ @thefxtec}}</ref>
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=99669\|title=Sailfish OS for Moto Z Play\|website=talk.maemo.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_onyx\|title=Install SailfishOS for onyx\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Bacon_Info\|title=Bacon Info\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]<ref name=":5">{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_cheeseburger-dumpling\|title=Install SailfishOS for cheeseburger/dumpling\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-11-17}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=":5"/>
			* ]
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/DeadSquirrel01/sailfishos-a5ultexx-releases\|title=sailfishos releases for galaxy a5 \|website=github.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/g7/sailfishx-patcher-f5321\|title=Patcher script that applies the f5321 (Xperia X Compact) compatibility layer on top of official Sailfish X f5121 images \|website=github.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]{{citation needed\|date=May 2020}}
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_kenzo\|title=Install SailfishOS for kenzo\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Install SailfishOS for mido\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_mido\|url-status=live\|access-date=18 Mar 2021\|website=wiki.merproject.org}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=:0>{{cite web\|url=https://wiki.merproject.org/Adaptations/libhybris/Install_SailfishOS_for_Vince\|title=Install SailfishOS for Vince\|website=wiki.merproject.org\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			*]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/sailfishos-santoni/\|title=SailfishOS for Redmi 4X\|website=SourceForge\|language=en\|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>

			To display the ease of porting {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} to other devices, Jolla showed created ports and community ports at events like the ], ] and ]:

			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RVQVtiL1os\|title=Jolla Sailfish OS: Software Tour\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo-O_7g8q5k\|title=Sailfish OS su Nexus 7\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvpbJJpc9y0\|title=Sailfish OS Running On Nexus 4\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=:1>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxJAssJpMqY\|title=Sailfish OS su Nexus 4, Samsung Galaxy S3 e Xiaomi Mi2\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=":1"/>
			* ] Idol X950<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://reviewjolla.blogspot.com/2014/02/photos-and-videos-jolla-phone-at-mwc2014.html\|title=Photos and videos, Jolla Phone at MWC2014, day1\|website=reviewjolla.blogspot.com\|date=24 February 2014\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3ZadrSlScY\|title=Sailfish OS 2.0 on LG Google Nexus 5\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQSG3zO6Kus\|title=Hands On: Sailfish 2.0 on the Fairphone 2\|website=youtube.com\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=:2>{{cite web\|url=https://blog.jolla.com/wrapping-up-mwc-2017-jolla/\|title=Jolla at MWC 2017: wrap up\|website=blog.jolla.com\|date=21 March 2017\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* Jolla Sailfish Watch<ref name=":2"/>
			* ]<ref name=:3>{{cite web\|url=https://blog.jolla.com/wrapping-up-mwc18/\|title=Sailfish OS at MWC 2018: A Wrap-up!\|website=blog.jolla.com\|date=28 March 2018\|access-date=2019-03-11}}</ref>
			* ]<ref name=":3"/>
			* a feature phone similar to the ]<ref name=":3"/> assumed to be the Chinese Kingsun EF33<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://jolla-devices.com/porting-sailfish-os-to-the-pseudo-3310/\|title=A call to port Sailfish OS on the "pseudo 3310"\|website=jolla-devices.com\|date=3 September 2019\|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>

			==OS development status==
			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} is promoted by Jolla and supported by the open ] established in 2011, a group established to unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Jolla\|url=http://jolla.com/\|access-date=19 November 2013}}</ref> On 16 August 2012, the user interface was reported to be ready for release. Jolla's CEO Jussi Hurmola stated in a ZDNet interview, " ... Our UI is ready now, we haven't released it yet, we will save it for the product launch and the platform is getting up now so the project looks pretty nice".<ref>{{cite web\|last=Tung\|first=Liam\|title=Jolla's MeeGo UI is ready to go – and it's on the hunt for mobile talent\|url=http://www.zdnet.com/jollas-meego-ui-is-ready-to-go-and-its-on-the-hunt-for-mobile-talent-7000002728/\|work=ZDNet.com\|publisher=2012 CBS Interactive\|access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref>

			The next day, Jolla's CEO Marc Dillon said on social networking website ] that the company had reached the first development target. Sailfish was debuted by the Jolla team, including a worldwide internet stream, as a demo of the OS, and the ] and ] during the Slush event in ], Finland, on 21–22 November 2012. The alpha stage of {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} SDK was published at the end of February 2013 and was made available for free download.

			On 16 September 2013, Jolla announced that its OS had been made compatible with Android applications and hardware.<ref name="Bhushan">{{cite web\|last=Bhushan\|first=Amarendra\|title=Jolla {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} Now Supports Android Hardware And Applications\|date=16 September 2013\|url=http://ceoworld.biz/2013/09/16/jolla-sailfish-operating-system-os-now-supports-android-hardware-and-applications\|publisher=CEOWORLD Magazine\|access-date=16 September 2013}}</ref> The first telephone to use it was launched on 27 November 2013 at a pop-up ] shop in Helsinki. The first 450 telephones were sold at this event, while the rest of the preordered devices were shipped shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.technewscentral.co.uk/first-jolla-phone-with-sailfish-os-to-launch-on-november-27th/id_7134\|title=First Jolla Phone with {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} to launch on 27 November}}</ref>

			In August 2015, version 1.1.9 "Eineheminlampi" was released, which added the main elements of the revamped {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS 2.0}} user interface.

			{{nowrap\|Sailfish OS 2.0.0}} was launched with the Jolla Tablet, and existing devices, both smartphones and tablets, from Jolla's official distribution channels are supported with upgrade to {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS 2.0.0}} and following updates.

			In May 2016 Jolla announced the Sailfish Community Device Program, supporting developers and members of {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} community.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mobileworldlive.com/apps/news-apps/jolla-looks-to-boost-ecosystem-with-developer-initiative/\|title=Jolla looks to boost ecosystem with developer initiative – Mobile World Live\|date=30 May 2016\|work=mobileworldlive.com}}</ref>

			==Aurora OS==
			Jolla staff met with members of the Russian technology community to break ground on the new software and promote {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}, as part of Jolla's ] strategy. As a result of those efforts, on 18 May 2015 the Russian minister of communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced plans to replace Apple's iOS and Google's Android platforms with new software based on Sailfish. He intends it to cover 50% of Russian needs in this area during next ten years, in comparison to the 95% currently covered with western technology.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Carrillo\|first1=Gabriel\|title=Russia Launches Its Own Phone Operating System\|url=http://www.phonetips.net/russia-launches-its-own-phone-operating-system/\|website=Phone Tips\|publisher=Gabriel Carrillo\|access-date=20 May 2015\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530005813/http://www.phonetips.net/russia-launches-its-own-phone-operating-system/\|archive-date=30 May 2015\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=The Russian government is launching its own mobile operating system to take on Apple and Google\|first=Rob\|last=Price\|work=]\|date=19 May 2015\|access-date=29 December 2015\|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/russia-launches-mobile-os-sailfish-to-take-on-android-ios-2015-5}}</ref> The Russian version is currently being developed under the brand name '''Mobile OS "Aurora" (мобильная ОС «Аврора»)''',<ref>{{cite web\|title=Aurora OS\|url=https://auroraos.ru/\|access-date=22 November 2021 \|publisher=OMP}}</ref> before 2019 as "Sailfish Mobile OS RUS".<ref> Rostelekom, 7 Feb. 2019 (in Russ.).</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Rostelecom rebrands local Sailfish OS as Aurora \|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/rostelecom-rebrands-local-sailfish-os-as-aurora--1279556 \|access-date=27 August 2019 \|publisher=Telecompaper \|date=13 February 2019}}</ref> The Chinese multinational technology company ] was in talks with the Russian Ministry of Communications to install Aurora OS on tablets for Russia’s population census by August 2020.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Huawei in talks to install Russian operating system on tablets for country's population census \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-russia-partnership/huawei-in-talks-to-install-russian-operating-system-on-tablets-for-countrys-population-census-sources-idUSKCN1VG1VN \|access-date=27 August 2019 \|date=26 August 2019}}</ref>
			Jolla has cut business ties with Russia in 2021 <ref>{{cite news\|title=SailfishOS Forum \|url=https://forum.sailfishos.org/t/plea-for-official-statement-from-jolla/10430/40}}</ref>

			==Sailfish Alliance==
			'''Sailfish Alliance''' is the open alliance established in 2011 by ] company to support the ] ecosystem with new products, services and business opportunities around or using Sailfish OS, a ] operating system combining ] with proprietary components from Jolla and other parties, for various purposes and mobile devices.

			The alliance is seen as a competitor to other groups like ]'s ].<ref name=fiercewireless>{{cite web\|url=http://www.fiercewireless.com/europe/story/jolla-signs-first-sailfish-alliance-partner-it-seeks-device-oems/2015-03-04\|title=Jolla signs first Sailfish Alliance partner, as it seeks device OEMs\|work=FierceWirelessEurope}}</ref>

			In 2011 some of the ] team working at ] left, and were funded by Nokia though their "Bridge" program to fund spin-out projects by ex-employees.<ref>{{citation \| url = http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Many+former+Nokia+employees+start+businesses+of+their+own/1329104331230 \| title = Many former Nokia employees start businesses of their own \| newspaper = Helsingin Sanomat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Lunden\|first=Ingrid\|title=Nokia Bridge: Nokia's Incubator Gives Departing Employees €25k And More To Pursue Ideas That Nokia Has Not\|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/07/10/nokia-bridge-nokias-incubator-gives-departing-employees-e25k-and-more-to-pursue-ideas-that-nokia-has-not/\|work=techcrunch.com\|publisher=techcrunch.com\|access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|last=Tung\|first=Liam\|title=Inside Nokia Bridge: How Nokia funds ex-employees' new start-ups\|url=http://www.zdnet.com/inside-nokia-bridge-how-nokia-funds-ex-employees-new-start-ups-7000000863/\|work=zdnet.com\|publisher=2013 CBS Interactive\|access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref> The Sailfish Alliance has sought to collaborate between the Finnish software developers, and overseas handset manufacturers, some of which are in China.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://gigaom.com/2012/10/02/jollas-meego-revival-plans-shape-up-with-260m-ecosystem-alliance-in-hong-kong/\|title=Gigaom Jolla's MeeGo revival plans shape up with $260m ecosystem alliance\|author=David Meyer\|date=2 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/jolla-all-eyes-are-on-the-hardware-but-what-about-the-ecosystem/\|title=Jolla: All eyes are on the hardware — but what about the ecosystem?\|author=Liam Tung\|work=ZDNet}}</ref> The news media reports that a number of manufacturers in China and India want an alternative to ].<ref name=fiercewireless/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/jolla-gives-first-look-at-sailfish-os-as-it-plans-assault-on-google-apple-app-stores/\|title=Jolla gives first look at Sailfish OS as it plans assault on Google, Apple app stores\|author=Liam Tung\|work=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.bgr.in/news/jolla-snapdeal-form-alliance-to-promote-sailfish-os-among-indian-smartphone-manufacturers/\|title=Jolla, Snapdeal form alliance to promote Sailfish OS among Indian smartphone manufacturers\|first=Tasneem\|last=Akolawala\|date=4 March 2015\|website=BGR India\|access-date=17 December 2018}}</ref>

			The Alliance aims to "unite ] and ] manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers."<ref>{{cite web\|title=Jolla's Sailfish OS promises multitasking, personalization and 'effortless interaction'\|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/11/21/jolla-launches-sailfish-os/\|publisher=engadget.com\|access-date=26 November 2012\|date=21 November 2012}}</ref>

			===Business strategy===
			The aim of the Alliance is to offer unique differentiation opportunities and sustainable competitive advantage for ] and ] manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers, retailers and other interested in sides.<ref>{{cite web\|last=SailfishOS.org community\|title=Sailfish Alliance\|url=https://sailfishos.org/about-alliance.html\|work=Sailfish OS Wiki\|publisher=sailfishos.org\|access-date=3 April 2013\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102153601/https://sailfishos.org/about-alliance.html\|archive-date=2 November 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

			==Sailfish Secure==
			The '''Sailfish Secure''' is the first open and secure mobile phone platform, based on Sailfish OS. It was introduced publicly in Barcelona, Spain at Mobile World Congress on 2 March 2015 where plans for the Sailfish Secure were presented.

			It is based on a security-hardened version of the Sailfish OS and SSH's communication encryption and key management platform. Developed by ] (the Sailfish OS designer and developer) together with ] (the inventor of ] SSH protocol) in collaboration of ].

			The hardware platform independent approach of the Sailfish Secure allow concept adaptation to local needs, and also in collaboration with other security partners. End customers like governments or large corporations are able to adapt the solution{{buzzword inline\|date=September 2019}} to their preferred or used hardware platform, as it is not tied to a specific hardware or configuration.

			The aim is to answer increasing demand in privacy in mobile communications. Jolla and Sailfish OS has unique position to create and provide an alternative solution{{buzzword inline\|date=September 2019}} on markets dominated by Android or other non-EU based OSes. Target customers need a secure mobile solution,{{buzzword inline\|date=September 2019}} including government officials or corporations, but it is also to be the solution{{buzzword inline\|date=September 2019}} affordable for consumers.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.theregister.com/2015/03/02/jolla_launches_sailfish_2_security/\|title=Jolla launches Sailfish 2.0, now with added security\|first=Simon\|last=Rockman\|website=www.theregister.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Jolla and SSH push Sailfish Secure as "European alternative" mobile OS\|url=https://gigaom.com/2015/03/02/jolla-and-ssh-push-sailfish-secure-as-european-alternative-mobile-os/\|website=gigaom.com\|publisher=2016 Knowingly, Inc.\|access-date=12 February 2016\|date=2015-03-02}}</ref>

			==See also==
			<!--* ] for {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}-->
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

			==External links==
			{{external links\|date=August 2019}}
			* {{Official website}}
			* , a site hosting {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}} documentation
			*
			*
			*
			*
			* {{snd}}a good reading for developers and porting from MeeGo Harmattan to {{nowrap\|Sailfish OS}}

			{{Mobile operating systems}}
			{{Mobile phones}}
			{{Linux}}
			{{Qt}}

			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Revision as of 21:58, 22 May 2022

Mobile operating system

Sailfish OS


Developer	Jolla
Written in	Qt/QML, C++
OS family	Linux (Unix-like)
Working state	Current
Source model	Open source with added closed-source components and extensions of third parties which can be of other licences as well.
Initial release	16 November 2013
Latest release	4.4.0.58 (Vanha Rauma) / 29 March 2022; 2 years ago (2022-03-29)
Marketing target	Mobile and general purpose
Available in	English for development, SDK & supporting documentation; over 21 national languages versions of UI in user's device
Package manager	RPM Package Manager
Platforms	32-bit and 64-bit ARM and 64-bit x86
Kernel type	Linux kernel
Userland	GNU
License	For end-user the EULA defines used open source and other licences components with a component's origin.
Preceded by	MeeGo by alliance of Nokia & Intel
Official website	sailfishos.org

Sailfish OS is a Linux-based operating system based on free software, and open source projects such as Mer as well as including a closed source UI. The project is being developed by the Finnish company Jolla.

The OS first shipped with the original Jolla Phone in 2013 (its sale stopped in 2016, but it was supplied with software updates until the end of 2020), then the Jolla Tablet in 2015 and from other vendors licensing the OS. The OS is ported by community enthusiasts to third-party mobile devices including smartphones and tablet computers. Sailfish OS can be used for many kinds of devices.

History and development

The OS is an evolved continuation of the Linux MeeGo OS previously developed by alliance of Nokia and Intel which itself relies on combined Maemo and Moblin. The MeeGo legacy is contained in the Mer core in about 80% of its code; the Mer name thus expands to MEego Reconstructed. This base is extended by Jolla with a custom user interface and default applications. Jolla and MERproject.org follow a meritocratic system to avoid the mistakes that led to the MeeGo project's then-unanticipated discontinuation.

The main elements for Sailfish OS 2.0 include:

Technically stronger OS core
Improved Android application compatibility
Support for ARM and Intel architectures, including the Intel Atom x3 processor, or any platform with kernel useable (settle-able) for MER core stack (also called middleware of Sailfish).
Design to provide visibility in the UI for digital content providers and to enable OS level integration for mobile commerce
Strong multitasking (one of the most important advantage of the OS and declared to be the best one on the market)
Strong privacy and personalization features
Enhanced user interface with new UI/UX features, including simpler swipe access to main functions, enhanced notifications and events views.

Software architecture

The Sailfish OS and the Sailfish software development kit (SDK) are based on the Linux kernel and Mer. Sailfish OS includes a multi-tasking graphical shell called "Lipstick" built with Qt by Jolla on top of the Wayland display server protocol. Jolla uses free and open-source graphics device drivers but the Hybris library allows use of proprietary drivers for Android. Jolla's stated goal is for Sailfish to be open source eventually.

Sailfish OS can run some Android applications through a proprietary compatibility layer.

Targeted device classes

Sailfish is targeted at mobile devices, but since it inherited around 80% of MeeGo code, Sailfish can be used as a complete general-purpose Linux OS on devices including in vehicle infotainment (IVI), navigation, smart TV, desktops and notebooks, yachts, automotive, e-commerce, home appliances, measuring and control equipment, smart building equipment, etc. See use cases of original MeeGo to compare, and the Devices section for devices that run the Sailfish OS.

Sailfish OS SDK

The Sailfish OS SDK was announced at the Slush Helsinki conference in 2012, and the alpha was published in February 2013. The SDK, installation and coding tutorials are available for free download from the Sailfish OS website despite the overall license not being open source.

Sailfish SDK uses Qt with VirtualBox for development, compiling and emulation purposes, in contrast to the simulation method. This technique allows compilation on the Sailfish OS and full testing of developed software in the virtual machine, emulating – not simulating – the whole Sailfish OS. This also separates development activities and side effects from everything else running on the host computer, leaving it undisturbed by developments and tests. According to Jolla, development with Sailfish SDK is development on Sailfish OS itself; there are no differences between developed software appearance and behaviour in the SDK and on a device running Sailfish OS.

The availability of source code to the SDK allows shaping and rebuilding to companies' or developers' specific needs, creating a context-specific environment that is set once and needs no preparation when the device is booted. The SDK runs on the operating systems Android, 32- and 64-bit versions of Linux, 64-bit versions of OS X, and Microsoft Windows. It can be used for compiling software for Sailfish OS devices from Linux sources. Its general console/terminal mode follows a commonly used standard. Compatible binaries or libraries can also be used.

Application programming interfaces

Sailfish OS uses open source Qt APIs (Qt 5, QtQuick 2 etc.) and a closed source Sailfish Silica for the UI. Standard Linux APIs are provided by the Mer Core.

Sailfish, Ubuntu and Plasma Active have been cooperating to share common APIs. When successful, this will make the platforms compatible on the API level.

Sailfish Browser is the default web browser based on Gecko and using embedlite (also known as IPCLiteAPI), a lite-weight embedding API from Mozilla.

Software overview

UI supported human languages

Officially Jolla declares supporting the following 14 languages for the user interface: Danish, German, English (UK), Spanish, French, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Finnish, Swedish, Russian, Chinese (mainland), and Chinese (Hong Kong). For each of them, the OS has a dedicated keyboard. There are a few more languages which are unofficially supported by community freelancers not under control by Jolla, hence more than 20 languages are supported in total. Additional languages can be installed by skilled users due to the Linux architecture.

Public "Early access" for beta testers and developers

After positive experiences with pushing early updates to a small group of opt-in users for Sailfish Update 9 and for the connectivity hotfix, Jolla has allowed all interested parties to try a new version of Sailfish OS about 1–2 weeks before official release, in a program called "Early access". It is expected to be useful for developers and technically minded users, and a step towards more community integration into the Sailfish release process, including improvement of quality by identifying critical issues which only show up in certain environments or device setups, before rolling the update out to the wider user audience. As an added bonus, it provides a window for developers to test their applications on new releases of Sailfish OS.

In the long term it will help Jolla to establish a developer program with early release candidate access for registered developers, and to have more community involvement in platform development. The first detail Jolla is hoping to learn from this is how it can gather feedback from a large audience in a reasonable way.

Basic details about the early access update:

The early release access is meant primarily for advanced users and developers.
To sign up for the program there is a checkbox in the Jolla accounts profile page.
Installed early-access release cannot be downgraded. The only way to downgrade from early access releases is to do a factory reset after removing the sign up check from the user's account profile.
Early access releases should be considered "reasonably stable". Issues found during that period will either be fixed, or added to "known issues" on the release notes.
Signing up for the early access releases will not void warranty.

Version history

Sailfish OS has three naming conventions: version number, update number and version name.

Sailfish OS 1.0 versions were named after Finnish lakes.
Sailfish OS 2.0 supports the Jolla Tablet with x86 platforms and featured a reworked touch based UI. Releases were named after Finnish rivers.
Sailfish OS 3.0 and 4.0 features a slightly reworked UI. Releases are named after Finnish national parks.
Sailfish OS 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 features 64 bit support on the Sony Xperia 10 II, plus a new sharing system. Releases are named after Finnish Unesco world heritage sites.

Software version	Initial release date	Name
v0.99.5	13 November 2013	Haaganlampi (only for subscribed developers)
v0.99.6	11 November 2013	Idörpottarna (only for subscribed developers)
v1.0.0	16 November 2013	Kaajanlampi (initial public release)
v1.0.1	2 December 2013	Laadunjärvi ("Update 1")
v1.0.2	27 December 2013	Maadajärvi ("Update 2")
v1.0.3	27 January 2014	Naamankajärvi ("Update 3")
v1.0.4	11 March 2014	Ohijärvi ("Update 4")
v1.0.5	7 April 2014	Paarlampi ("Update 5")
v1.0.6	Not released	Raatejärvi ("Update 6"), was merged into v1.0.7
v1.0.7	3 June 2014	Saapunki ("Update 7")
v1.0.8	3 July 2014	Tahkalampi ("Update 8")
v1.1.0	16 September 2014	Uitukka ("Update 9"), was labelled as "opt-in upgrade"
v1.1.1	14 December 2014	Vaarainjärvi ("Update 10")
v1.1.2	1 February 2015	Yliaavanlampi ("Update 11")
v1.1.3	Not released	Åkanttrasket ("Update 12"), was merged into v1.1.4
v1.1.4	24 March 2015	Äijänpäivänjärvi ("Update 13")
v1.1.5	Not released	Österviken ("Update 14"), was dropped at release candidate stage
v1.1.6	27 May 2015	Aaslakkajärvi ("Update 15")
v1.1.7	24 June 2015	Björnträsket ("Update 16")
v1.1.9	18 August 2015	Eineheminlampi ("Update 17")
v2.0.0	19 October 2015	Saimaa ("Update 18")
v2.0.1	12 January 2016	Taalojärvi ("Update 19")
v2.0.2	13 May 2016	Aurajoki ("Update 20")
v2.0.3	6 July 2016	Espoonjoki ("Update 21"), OS version solely for the Turing Phone
v2.0.4	4 November 2016	Fiskarsinjoki ("Update 22")
v2.0.5	14 December 2016	Haapajoki ("Update 23")
v2.1.0	3 February 2017	Iijoki ("Update 24")
v2.1.1	15 May 2017	Jämsänjoki
v2.1.2	20 September 2017	Kiiminkijoki
v2.1.3	6 October 2017	Kymijoki
v2.1.4	12 February 2018	Lapuanjoki
v2.2.0	30 May 2018	Mouhijoki
v2.2.1	31 August 2018	Nurmonjoki
v3.0.0	29 October 2018	Lemmenjoki
v3.0.1	2 January 2019	Sipoonkorpi
v3.0.2	13 March 2019	Oulanka
v3.0.3	23 April 2019	Hossa
v3.1.0	15 July 2019	Seitseminen
v3.2.0	24 October 2019	Torronsuo
v3.2.1	5 December 2019	Nuuksio
v3.3.0	1 April 2020	Rokua
v3.4.0	22 September 2020	Pallas-Yllästunturi (the final release for the Jolla Phone)
v4.0.1	3 February 2021	Koli
v4.1.0	10 May 2021	Kvarken
v4.2.0	25 August 2021	Verla
v4.3.0	28 October 2021	Suomenlinna
v4.4.0	15 March 2022	Vanha Rauma

Stop releases

When updating an installed Sailfish OS from an earlier release, for example after device factory reset, there are several stop releases which must not be skipped and have to be installed before continuing on the path to subsequent releases. These releases provide new functionality that is not compatible with previous releases and have to be traversed in order not to put the Sailfish OS installation into an unstable state.

Software version	Release date	Name
v1.0.2.5	27 December 2013	Maadajärvi
v1.1.2.16	25 February 2015	Yliaavanlampi
v1.1.7.28	31 August 2015	Björnträsket
v1.1.9.30	22 October 2015	Eineheminlampi
v2.0.0.10	3 November 2015	Saimaa
v2.0.5.6	22 November 2016	Haapajoki (only a stop release for some devices, e.g., the Jolla C / Intex Aquafish)
v2.2.0.29	7 June 2018	Mouhijoki
v3.0.0.8	11 November 2018	Lemmenjoki
v3.2.0.12	5 November 2019	Torronsuo
v3.4.0.24	13 October 2020	Pallas-Yllästunturi
v4.0.1.48	16 February 2021	Koli
v4.1.0.24	27 May 2021	Kvarken
v4.2.0.21	16 September 2021	Verla
v4.3.0.15	16 February 2022	Suomenlinna
v4.4.0.58	29 March 2022	Vanha Rauma

Porting

The Sailfish website publishes an online compendium of knowledge, links and instructions on porting issues.

Using Android software running on Sailfish OS

In addition to its native applications, Sailfish can run some Android applications by installing them from an application store or directly through an APK file. Supported Android versions are 4.1.2 "Jelly Bean" on the original Jolla phone; 4.4.4 "Kit-Kat" on the Jolla C, Jolla tablet and Xperia X; 8.1.0 "Oreo", 9 "Pie" and 10 (depending on the Sailfish OS release) on Xperia XA2, Xperia 10 and Xperia 10 II. Problems can arise if these applications were built without following Android standards about controls, which might not display correctly and so become unusable.

Sailfish OS uses Alien Dalvik, a proprietary Android compatibility layer. It does not emulate Android, but instead implements its APIs by adapting the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) code to run as an application. Android applications can thus run at native speed without any perceivable slow-down. Sailfish can run both native Sailfish and Android software simultaneously, with the user switching between them on the fly.

Starting with Alien Dalvik 8.1 (also called "Android App Support" since then), it uses LXC to improve security by better isolation, in the same way the open source Android compatibility layer Anbox is doing.

Hardware overview

Advantages of the Mer standard

Sailfish OS can be used on any hardware with Linux-kernel support and compatible with the middleware utilising the Mer core. Community enthusiasts have ported Sailfish OS to a number of devices this way. Instead of designation to a specific reference hardware platform, a VirtualBox implementation with the Sailfish OS SDK is available for development on Linux, OS X and Windows operating systems. This virtual machine implementation contains the whole Sailfish OS isolated from local resources and the local OS to enable convenient evaluation of the behaviour and performance of coded or ported software before deployment on real devices.

Jolla devices

Jolla C
Jolla Tablet
Jolla Phone

Devices from other vendors licensing Sailfish OS

Manufacturers can provide mobile equipment with a licensed Sailfish OS, or as open source, or combining both and including their own or the operator's modifications and branding for specific markets or purposes.

Sony Xperia 10 II – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia 10 Plus – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia 10 – via Sailfish X
Planet Computers Gemini PDA – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia XA2 Plus – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia XA2 Ultra – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia XA2 – via Sailfish X
Sony Xperia X – via Sailfish X

Community enthusiasts' ports to devices from other vendors

Due to the relative ease of porting and the open source license, Sailfish OS has also been unofficially ported to other 3rd-party devices. The Hardware Adaptation Development Kit for porters has been published and is free. These ports are mostly published on the Maemo and XDA Developers forums, and in the Mer wiki a list of the ports is compiled. Due to license restrictions, proprietary parts or extensions such as the Alien Dalvik compatibility layer for Android apps are not included. However they can be added, e.g. when a manufacturer or distributor turns it from the community version into an officially supported version for a particular device. From the originally more than 80 ports, there are about 19 ports that are still in active development – as of March 2019 – meaning they have been updated to Sailfish 3:

To display the ease of porting Sailfish OS to other devices, Jolla showed created ports and community ports at events like the Mobile World Congress, Slush and FOSDEM:

Nokia N950
Nokia N9
Google Nexus 7
Google Nexus 4
Samsung Galaxy S3
Xiaomi Mi 2
TCL Idol X950
Google Nexus 5
Fairphone 2
Sony Xperia X
Jolla Sailfish Watch
Sony Xperia XA2
Planet Computers Gemini PDA
a feature phone similar to the Nokia 3310 assumed to be the Chinese Kingsun EF33

OS development status

Sailfish OS is promoted by Jolla and supported by the open Sailfish Alliance established in 2011, a group established to unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers. On 16 August 2012, the user interface was reported to be ready for release. Jolla's CEO Jussi Hurmola stated in a ZDNet interview, " ... Our UI is ready now, we haven't released it yet, we will save it for the product launch and the platform is getting up now so the project looks pretty nice".

The next day, Jolla's CEO Marc Dillon said on social networking website Twitter that the company had reached the first development target. Sailfish was debuted by the Jolla team, including a worldwide internet stream, as a demo of the OS, and the UI and SDK during the Slush event in Helsinki, Finland, on 21–22 November 2012. The alpha stage of Sailfish OS SDK was published at the end of February 2013 and was made available for free download.

On 16 September 2013, Jolla announced that its OS had been made compatible with Android applications and hardware. The first telephone to use it was launched on 27 November 2013 at a pop-up DNA Kauppa shop in Helsinki. The first 450 telephones were sold at this event, while the rest of the preordered devices were shipped shortly after.

In August 2015, version 1.1.9 "Eineheminlampi" was released, which added the main elements of the revamped Sailfish OS 2.0 user interface.

Sailfish OS 2.0.0 was launched with the Jolla Tablet, and existing devices, both smartphones and tablets, from Jolla's official distribution channels are supported with upgrade to Sailfish OS 2.0.0 and following updates.

In May 2016 Jolla announced the Sailfish Community Device Program, supporting developers and members of Sailfish OS community.

Aurora OS

Jolla staff met with members of the Russian technology community to break ground on the new software and promote Sailfish OS, as part of Jolla's BRICS strategy. As a result of those efforts, on 18 May 2015 the Russian minister of communications Nikolai Nikiforov announced plans to replace Apple's iOS and Google's Android platforms with new software based on Sailfish. He intends it to cover 50% of Russian needs in this area during next ten years, in comparison to the 95% currently covered with western technology. The Russian version is currently being developed under the brand name Mobile OS "Aurora" (мобильная ОС «Аврора»), before 2019 as "Sailfish Mobile OS RUS". The Chinese multinational technology company Huawei was in talks with the Russian Ministry of Communications to install Aurora OS on tablets for Russia’s population census by August 2020. Jolla has cut business ties with Russia in 2021

Sailfish Alliance

Sailfish Alliance is the open alliance established in 2011 by Jolla company to support the MeeGo ecosystem with new products, services and business opportunities around or using Sailfish OS, a Linux operating system combining Mer with proprietary components from Jolla and other parties, for various purposes and mobile devices.

The alliance is seen as a competitor to other groups like Android's Open Handset Alliance.

In 2011 some of the MeeGo team working at Nokia left, and were funded by Nokia though their "Bridge" program to fund spin-out projects by ex-employees. The Sailfish Alliance has sought to collaborate between the Finnish software developers, and overseas handset manufacturers, some of which are in China. The news media reports that a number of manufacturers in China and India want an alternative to Android.

The Alliance aims to "unite OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers and retailers."

Business strategy

The aim of the Alliance is to offer unique differentiation opportunities and sustainable competitive advantage for OEM and ODM manufacturers, chipset providers, operators, application developers, retailers and other interested in sides.

Sailfish Secure

The Sailfish Secure is the first open and secure mobile phone platform, based on Sailfish OS. It was introduced publicly in Barcelona, Spain at Mobile World Congress on 2 March 2015 where plans for the Sailfish Secure were presented.

It is based on a security-hardened version of the Sailfish OS and SSH's communication encryption and key management platform. Developed by Jolla (the Sailfish OS designer and developer) together with SSH Communications Security (the inventor of Secure Shell SSH protocol) in collaboration of Sailfish Alliance.

The hardware platform independent approach of the Sailfish Secure allow concept adaptation to local needs, and also in collaboration with other security partners. End customers like governments or large corporations are able to adapt the solution to their preferred or used hardware platform, as it is not tied to a specific hardware or configuration.

The aim is to answer increasing demand in privacy in mobile communications. Jolla and Sailfish OS has unique position to create and provide an alternative solution on markets dominated by Android or other non-EU based OSes. Target customers need a secure mobile solution, including government officials or corporations, but it is also to be the solution affordable for consumers.

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External links

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SailfishOSwiki, a site hosting Sailfish OS documentation
Building Sailfish OS packages manually (including porting over existing applications that use a different build system)
Jolla website
OpenRepos.net
Why Sailfish is better as a modern OS? Here is a comparison
FlyingSheep on Sailfish – a good reading for developers and porting from MeeGo Harmattan to Sailfish OS

Mobile operating systems

Linux

Linux Kernel

Active:
- Android
  - forks
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- ChromeOS
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- KaiOS
  - Smart Feature OS
- Kindle firmware
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Defunct:
- Bada
- Firefox OS
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- MeeGo
- MontaVista
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GNU/Linux

Active:

Defunct:
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XNU

iOS
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QNX

Microsoft
Windows

Zircon

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FreeBSD/NetBSD

PlayStation Vita system software

OpenHarmony/HarmonyOS NEXT

Active:
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Defunct:
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FreeRTOS

Amazfit OS
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MIUI Band OS

Nintendo system software

Minix 3

Intel Management Engine

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Other

Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
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ThreadX

Mobile phones

Mobile
networks,
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General
operation

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v t e Linux
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v t e Qt platform
GUIs built with Qt	AsteroidOS Gambas KDE Plasma Kdenlive KDE Partition Manager FeatherPad Lubuntu Lumina LXQt MeeGo Sailfish OS Skanlite VLC
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Tools	Qbs qmake Qt Creator
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