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Criteria for including events in this list

The criteria for the inclusion of events in this list have been developed after discussions on the list's talk page. They should not be altered unless further discussion establishes a consensus for any change. Inclusion criteria All entries must meet the requirements of Misplaced Pages polices in particular the three core content polices of no original research, verifiability, and a neutral point of view. Inclusion in this list is based solely on evidence in multiple reliable sources that an event or series of events have been described as "ethnic cleansing", "religious cleansing", "population cleansing", or "murderous cleansing", or similar, in multiple reliable sources. In line with WP:PRESERVE, try to find sources to complete an entry that is incomplete before removing it and consider tagging any example you think is not complete to allow other editors time to complete it. However if an entry is removed the burden is on the editor wishing to restore the entry to show that multiple sources support the events and the claims that the events are an example of ethnic cleansing. Format All entries should contain in-text attribution of who considers the event to be "ethnic cleansing" if there are lots then choose one or more of the most authoritative. All entries should include a brief description of the events including a link to any more specific Misplaced Pages articles about the events. All entries should include alternative views providing those views are not given undue weight. All entries must contain inline citations to reliable source to support the first two points and point three if it is mentioned. Notes for an overview see the Misplaced Pages Ethnic cleansing and Martin Shaw's (2013). What is Genocide. John Wiley & Sons. p. 50. ISBN 9780745674667. Inclusion in this list does not of itself justify inclusion in another article, and nor does use of the term in an article justify inclusion in this list Examples These fictitious examples illustrate how the test of if an entry should be included in this list. Text in the source Source Include? Explanation The ancient empire forced the the natives to leave the conquered territories to make room for settlers. Multiple reliable sources mention the events. No No reliable sources call the actions of the empire ethnic cleansing. This example fails No original research. The forced removal of the green people by the majority backed government is according to historian Marin Jones an example of early modern ethic cleansing. Multiple reliable sources back up the events, but only Martin Jones's book describe the events as ethnic cleansing. No The events are covered by multiple sources, but only one source describes the events ethnic cleansing, so it fail under the neutral point of view policy by giving undue weight to a minority point of view. The forced removal of the green people by the majority backed government is according to genocide scholars Marin Smith and John Jones a "classic example" of early modern ethic cleansing. Reliable sources that back up the events and multiple academic sources describe as ethnic cleansing. Yes The text and the accusation is covered by the sources, so using a quote by Smith and Jones is representative of an academic view. The forced removal of the green people by the occupying blue force is according to a representative of the green people a clear case of ethnic cleansing. Reliable sources are given for both the removal and the representative making the claim. No In some cases where accusations of ethnic cleansing have circulated, partisans have fiercely disputed such an interpretation and the details of the event. This often leads to the promotion of vastly different versions of the event in question. This example fails to provide a neutral point of view because the view is partisan (it may also fail under undue weight). The removal of the green people by the occupying blue force is according to a representative of the green people a clear case of ethnic cleansing a view endorced by a spokes person from Camfam (a respected Indian humanitarian aid charity), however a spokesman for the blue force deny this stating their actions within those permitted under international law. Independent third party reliable sources for the events, sources supporting the accusation and rebuttal. Yes Note the deletion of the word "forcible" from "forcible removal", as well as a balanced in comments. The forcible removal of the green people by the occupying blue force was condemned by the United Nations Security Council as a clear case of ethnic cleansing. A spokesman for the blue force deny this stating their actions are within those permitted under international law. Independent third party reliable sources for the event, sources supporting the accusation and rebuttal. Yes Note the reinsertion of the word "forcible" in "forcible removal". Presumably the representative of the green people would still be stating it was ethnic cleansing, but it is preferable to attribute the statement to the more authoritative source. The clear implication here is that the "blue force" is now in the minority so the phrase "forcible removal" is justified as to leave it out would give undue weight to the blue force's point of view. Colonel white was found guilty by the international tribunal of multiple crimes against humanity for his part in the forcible removal of the green people by the occupying blue force. Independent third party reliable sources for the trial result. No No explicit accusation in the sources that the forcible removal was ethnic cleansing. Colonel White was found guilty by the international tribunal of being a member of a joint criminal enterprise for his part in the forcible removal of the green people by the occupying blue force, but found him not guilty of the specific war crimes. The president of the court stated in a press conference afterwards that the evinced clearly showed that Colonel White issued orders to have the area ethnically cleansed, of all members the green ethnic group, and did not stop his men committing war crimes when he became aware of them. Independent third party reliable sources for the trial result. Yes If it is a judgement by an international court then it is notable even if it is the only source for that view. Colonel White was found guilty by the international tribunal of being a member of a joint criminal enterprise for his part in the forcible removal of the green people by the occupying blue force, but found him not guilty of the specific war crimes. In a minority judgement Judge Purple described Colonel White as the primary instigator of a brutal ethnic cleaning campaign and that he was guilty of several of those war crimes. Independent third party reliable sources for the trial result. Maybe If it is a judgement by an international court then it is notable even if it is the only source for that view. However it not the view of the majority of judges that ethnic cleansing took place and if the minority view is not widely discussed in third party sources, then discussion on the talk page may be necessary to reach a consensus over notability.

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Ethnic Cleansing By Muhammad bin Tughluq

I think this one should be on the list. According to historian Robert Sewell (1845-1925), Muhammad bin Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi, ordered the massacres of all the inhabitants of the Hindu city of Kanauj.

Robert Sewell wrote in 1900 in A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar): a contribution to the history of India that: "This failing to fill the treasury he next destroyed agriculture by intolerable exactions ; the husbandmen abandoned their fields and took to robbery as a trade, and whole tracts became depopulated, the survivors living in the utmost starvation and misery and being despoiled of all that they possessed. Muhammad exterminated whole tribes as if they had been vermin. Incensed at the refusal of the inhabitants of a certain harassed tract to pay the inordinate demands of his subordinates, he ordered out his army as if for a hunt, surrounded an extensive tract of country, closed the circle towards the centre, and slaughtered every living soul found therein. This amusement was repeated more than once, and on a subsequent occasion he ordered a general massacre of all the inhabitants of the old Hindu city of Kanauj. 1 These horrors led of course to famine, and the miseries of the Hindus exceeded all power of description. On his return from Devagiri on one occasion he caused a tooth which he had lost to be interred in a magnificent stone mausoleum, which is still in existence at Bhlr. But perhaps the best known of his inhuman eccentricities was his treatment of the inhabitants of the great city of Delhi. Muhammad determined to transfer his capital thence to Devagiri, whose name he changed to Doulatabid. The two places are six hundred miles apart. The king gave a general order to every inhabitant of Delhi to proceed forthwith to Devagiri, and prior to the issue of this order he had he entire road lined with full-grown trees, transplanted for the purpose. The unfortunate people were compelled to obey, and thousands — including women, children, and aged persons— died by the way. Ibn Batuta, who was an eye-witness of the scenes of horror to which this gave rise, has left us the following description : —

'The Sultan ordered all the inhabitants to quit the place (Delhi), and upon some delay being evinced he made a proclamation stating that what person soever, being an inhabitant of that city, should be found in any of its houses or streets should receive condign punishment. Upon this they all went out ; but his servants finding a blind man in one of the houses and a bedridden one in the other, the Emperor commanded the bedridden man to be projected from a balista, and the blind one to be dragged by his feet to Daulatabad, which is at the distance of ten days, and he was so dragged ; but his limbs dropping off by the way, only one of his legs was brought to the place intended, and was then thrown into it ; for the order had been that they should go to this place. When I entered Delhi it was almost a desert.'"

Vincent Arthur Smith was an Irish Indologist (1843-1920) and Stephen Meredyth Edwardes (1873-1927) was a British Indian who was in the Indian Civil Service and was the Commissioner of Police of Bombay Presidency. They wrote the book The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911 which was published in 1920. This book on pages 241-242 says, regarding Muhammad bin Tughlaq, that:

"The internal administration of the country went to ruin. The taxes were enhanced to a degree unbearable, and collected so rigorously that the peasantry were reduced to beggary, and people who possessed anything felt that they had no resource but rebellion. The Sultan came to hate his subjects and to take pleasure in their wholesale destruction. At one time he ' led forth his army to ravage Hindostan. He laid the country waste from Kanauj to Dalmau , and every person that fell into his hands he slew. Many of the inhabitants fled and took refuge in the jungles, but the Sultan had the jungles surrounded, and every individual that was captured was killed.' The victims, of course, were all or nearly all Hindus, a fact which added to the pleasure of the chase."

I think that the analyses by the aforementioned historians indicate that there was considerable ethnic cleansing done by Muhammad bin Tughluq. Should we add a post about Muhammad bin Tughlaq? What do you all think?Shakespeare143 (talk) 04:19, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

@Shakespeare143, I think that makes sense. You should add it. Dunutubble (talk) 14:01, 29 July 2021 (UTC)

References

1. Sewell, Robert. A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar). Swan Sonnenschen & Co. pp. 12–15.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Indian historian Sita Ram Goel notes on page 84 in his The Story Of Islamic Imperialism In India that:

"After the sack of the temples in Orissa, Firuz Shah Tughlaq attacked an island on the sea-coast where 'nearly 100,000 men of Jãjnagar had taken refuge with their women, children, kinsmen and relations'. The swordsmen of Islam turned 'the island into a basin of blood by the massacre of the unbelievers'. A worse fate overtook the Hindu women. Sîrat-i-Fîrûz Shãhî records: 'Women with babies and pregnant ladies were haltered, manacled, fettered and enchained, and pressed as slaves into service in the house of every soldier.'"

I think we should add a post about Firuz Shah Tughlaq. It mentions how the "swordsmen of Islam" caused a "massacre of the unbelievers". What do you all think? Shakespeare143 (talk) 04:19, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

Timur

Indian historian Sita Ram Goel notes on page 86 in his The Story Of Islamic Imperialism In India that:

"“At Sarsuti, the next city to be sacked, 'all these infidel Hindus were slain, their wives and children were made prisoners and their property and goods became the spoil of the victors'. Timur was now moving through Haryana, the land of the Jats. He directed his soldiers to 'plunder and destroy and kill every one whom they met'. And so the soldiers 'plundered every village, killed the men, and carried a number of Hindu prisoners, both male and female'. Loni which was captured before he arrived at Delhi was predominantly a Hindu town. But some Muslim inhabitants were also taken prisoners. Timur ordered that 'the Musulman prisoners should be separated and saved, but the infidels should all be despatched to hell with the proselytising sword'.

By now Timur had captured 100,000 Hindus. As he prepared for battle against the Tughlaq army after crossing the Yamuna, his Amirs advised him 'that on the great day of battle these 100,000 prisoners could not be left with the baggage, and that it would be entirely opposed to the rules of war to set these idolators and enemies of Islam at liberty'. Therefore, 'no other course remained but that of making them all food for the sword'. Tuzk-i-Timûrî continues: 'I proclaimed throughout the camp that every man who had infidel prisoners should put them to death, and whoever neglected to do so should himself be executed and his property given to the informer. When this order became known to the ghãzîs of Islam, they drew their swords and put their prisoners to death. One hundred thousand infidels, impious idolators, were on that day slain. Maulana Nasiruddin Umar, a counsellor and man of learning, who, in all his life, had never killed a sparrow, now, in execution of my order, slew with his sword fifteen idolatrous Hindus, who were his captives.”

I think that this provides evidence that Timur did ethnic cleansing especially with the statement "Timur ordered that 'the Musulman prisoners should be separated and saved, but the infidels should all be despatched to hell with the proselytising sword". What do you all tihnk? Shakespeare143 (talk) 04:19, 8 April 2021 (UTC)

Kaliningrad Oblast

I think that the events immediately following the second World War constitute ethnic cleansing, and should be included on this page.

The following paragraph is from the Misplaced Pages page https://en.wikipedia.org/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)#Poland,_including_former_German_territories

"Different situations emerged in northern East Prussia regarding Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) and the adjacent Memel territory around Memel (Klaipėda). The Königsberg area of East Prussia was annexed by the Soviet Union, becoming an exclave of the Russian Soviet Republic. Memel was integrated into the Lithuanian Soviet Republic. Many Germans were evacuated from East Prussia and the Memel territory by Nazi authorities during Operation Hannibal or fled in panic as the Red Army approached. The remaining Germans were conscripted for forced labour. Ethnic Russians and the families of military staff were settled in the area. In June 1946, 114,070 Germans and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered as living in the Kaliningrad Oblast, with an unknown number of unregistered Germans ignored. Between June 1945 and 1947, roughly half a million Germans were expelled. Between 24 August and 26 October 1948, 21 transports with a total of 42,094 Germans left the Kaliningrad Oblast for the Soviet Occupation Zone. The last remaining Germans were expelled between November 1949 (1,401 people) and January 1950 (7). Thousands of German children, called the "wolf children", had been left orphaned and unattended or died with their parents during the harsh winter without food. Between 1945–47, around 600,000 Soviet citizens settled in the oblast."

The former German/Prussian population was replaced with immigration by ethnic Russian people:

"In October 1945, only about 5,000 Soviet civilians lived in the territory. Between October 1947 and October 1948, about 100,000 Germans were forcibly moved to Germany. About 400,000 Soviet civilians arrived by 1948. Some moved voluntarily, but as the number of willing settlers proved insufficient, collective farms were given quotas of how many people they had to send to Kaliningrad. Often they sent the least socially desirable individuals, such as alcoholics or the uneducated."

https://en.wikipedia.org/Kaliningrad_question — Preceding unsigned comment added by PeterGHughes (talk • contribs) 16:37, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

Palestine

Isn't it ethnic cleansing in this area such as Palestinian arabs being forced from their homes in the West Bank?

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.99.62.238 (talk) 06:55, 26 May 2021 (UTC)

The United Nations has called it ethnic cleansing so there's no reason for it not to be included here. Charles Essie (talk) 20:10, 7 April 2022 (UTC)

Looking through the history of this page, it looks like there's an active disinformation campaign to scrub any mention of the ethnic cleansing of Palestine. FinnV3 (talk) 18:33, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

I just made my first edit today to include mention of Palestine in 1947-1949. My edit was quickly deleted. The editor, User:Don Rechtman, writes that my edit was "POV-pushing, no academic consensus as ethnic cleansing, many fled the fighting on their own accord after the Arabs rejected partition and started a war of annihilation," but there is no academic consensus about lots of examples on the list. And the beginning of the article says "This article lists incidents that have been termed ethnic cleansing by some academic or legal experts. Not all experts agree on every case, particularly since there are a variety of definitions of the term ethnic cleansing." I wrote back: "Happy to discuss, but try modifying instead of deleting my edit." Is this the right place to discuss? I would appreciate help. Booksofsatmar (talk) 21:46, 13 July 2022 (UTC)

Im restoring this, it is insane to include Jordan's "cleansing" of Jews from East Jerusalem but not include the widely discussed "cleansing" (even by Israeli historians) of Palestinians. And there has been no justification for its removal here. nableezy - 23:31, 17 July 2022 (UTC)

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Albigensian Crusade

Why no Albigensian Crusade? Dunutubble (talk) 01:38, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

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