| Revision as of 20:34, 3 June 2022 editCewbot (talk | contribs)Bots7,179,427 editsm Convert Albert Kálmán Kőrössy to wikilink← Previous edit | Revision as of 15:41, 5 August 2022 edit undoRinger (talk | contribs)329 editsNo edit summaryTag: RevertedNext edit → | ||
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} | ||
| {{Eastern name order|Lechner Ödön}} | {{Eastern name order|Lechner Ödön}} | ||
| {{Infobox |
{{Infobox artist | ||
| | name = Ödön Lechner | | name = Ödön Lechner | ||
| | image = Lechner ödön Strelisky.jpg | | image = Lechner ödön Strelisky.jpg | ||
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| | birth_name = Eugen Lechner | | birth_name = Eugen Lechner | ||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date|1845|8|27|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1845|8|27|df=y}} | ||
| | birth_place = ], |
| birth_place = ], Imperyong Austriano | ||
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|6|10|1845|8|27|df=y}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|6|10|1845|8|27|df=y}} | ||
| | death_place = ], Austria- |
| death_place = ], Austria-Hunggarya | ||
| | other_names = "Hungarian ]" | | other_names = "Hungarian ]" | ||
| | nationality = | | nationality = | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Ödön Lechner''' ( |
Si '''Ödön Lechner''' (namundag, '''Eugen Lechner''', 27 Agostot 1845 – 10 Hunyo 1914) sarong ]ng ], asin saro sa mayor na representante kan Hunggaro ] ma estilo, na may relasyon sa ] lakop sa Europa, kabarali an ]. Siya bantog sa pagsamno kan saiyang mga proyektong edipisyo kan mga baldosang ] na modelo na inspirado kan ] asin ] folk art, na nini rinaramas sa mga modernong materyales siring ka langsang. | ||
| An mga obra ni Lechner ipigsumitir kan 2008 para ibali sa ].<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Toltolan== | |||
| == Early career and travel == | |||
| Lechner was born in ] into a bourgeois family. His father, János Lechner (1812–1884), of Bavarian descent, was a certified lawyer, capital tax collector, and owner of a brick factory, who married Terézia Schummayer (1817–1895).<ref name="lechnerjános">{{Cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6WM3-LQ5?mode=g&i=477&wc=M6W2-9ZQ%3A101519301%2C105004701&cc=1542666|title=familysearch.org Lechner János gyászjelentése}}</ref><ref name="schummayer">{{Cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6WM3-GZ9?i=482&wc=M6W2-9ZQ%3A101519301%2C105004701&cc=1542666|title=familysearch.org Lechner Jánosné Schummayer Terézia gyászjelentése}}</ref> His paternal grandparents were János Lechner Nepomuk (1774–1845), the head of a building materials factory and the Royal Beauty Commissioner of Pest and Erzsébet Hupf (1786–1853).<ref name="hupferzsebet">{{Cite web|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6WM3-FLV?i=454&wc=M6W2-9ZQ%3A101519301%2C105004701&cc=1542666|title=familysearch.org idősebb Lechner Jánosné Hup Erzsébet gyászjelentése}}</ref> He began his secondary school studies at the Real School of Downtown Pest (Pest-belvárosi Reáltanodán), then he attended the ] to study architecture in 1865–66, where one of his teachers was ], responsible for many of ] and Pest's major public buildings in the decades before the two cities merged in 1873. | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| In 1866 Lechner went to Berlin, where he spent three years at the ] with Alajos Hauszmann and ], studying under ], who became a great influence with his lectures on building materials, especially the role of iron-framed structures. After finishing his studies in Berlin, Lechner departed on a one-year tour and study in ] in 1868 with his wife Irma Primayer, whom he had recently married. In 1869 he went into a partnership with ] and the architecture firm received a steady flow of commissions during the boom years of the 1870s, during the construction of buildings lining the ring roads on the Pest side of the ]. The commissions the partners received were primarily apartment houses in which Lechner worked in the prevailing ] style, drawing on neo-classical influences from Berlin and the ]. | |||
| {{Tamboan}} | |||
| Lechner interrupted his partnership with Pártos between 1874 and 1878 when he went to work in the studio of ] in France, where he was involved in the restoration of many French monuments. He took part in the design and renovation of seven castles. This was also influenced by a family tragedy, as after a six-year marriage, Lechner lost his wife Irma in 1875 and was left alone with two small children. In 1879 he also visited England. | |||
| Returning home, he reunited with Pártos and together they built a series of large-scale works, such as ] City Hall (1882), the apartment building of the former MÁV Pension Institute in Budapest at Andrássy út 25 (1883), and the Milkó House in Szeged). These still represent the historicizing style, but several features of his later art, such the use of folk ornamentation, are already evident in these designs. In 1889–90 he made his second visit to England, this time with ], a stoneware and terracotta manufacturer. There he studied oriental ceramics, primarily Indian decorative elements, at the ]. There was also a trace of English influence among his works, most notably Zsambok Castle (unfortunately destroyed in the ]). | |||
| == Development of szecesszió and a Hungarian national style == | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| After 1890, Lechner increasingly turned to Hungarian folklore, as derived from ]n and ]n decorative arts, as his inspiration in his aim to form a Hungarian national style. His relationship with Zsolnay flourished and throughout the rest of his career he began to make free use of the company's stoneware tiles, beginning with the Thonet House in Budapest, Váci utca (1889) with its steel structure and the façade covered with Zsolnay terracotta. He followed this up with the Museum of Applied Arts (1893–96), a commission for which he and Pártos won the design competition in 1891. The building's glazed tiles, the pyrogranite decorative elements, and the pierced floral motifs testify to Lechner's newfound Indian, Persian, ], and Hungarian folk influences, as well as the cladding theories of German architectural theorist ].<ref>Rebecca Houze, "Hungarian Nationalism, Gottfried Semper, and the Budapest Museum of Applied Art," ''Studies in the Decorative Arts'' 16, no. 2 (Spring-Summer 2009):7–38.</ref> The building represented a significant break from the historicism - mostly Baroque- and Gothic-revival architecture - popular in Budapest at the time. Though it encountered a mixed reception amongst critics, it was triumphantly inaugurated in time for the 1896 celebrations of the millennium anniversary of the ]. The building is today considered the first complete statement of ] architecture, and it formed a counterweight in the Hungarian half of the ] to the work of the ] developed later in ] around ], ], ], and others. | |||
| After 1896, Lechner and Pártos dissolved their partnership, with each continuing on in independent practice. In 1897 Lechner was commissioned to build the new home, on Stefánia út east of the city center, of the ], another of his distinctive Szecesszió designs. These developments in his vocabulary arguably reached their peak with the new ] (today the Hungarian State Treasury), on Hold utca in Budapest, built from 1899 to 1904. On 1 July 1900 he was named a "Királyi tanácsos" (Royal Counselor) to the King of Hungary, Emperor ], and for his work on the building the Hungarian Képzőművészek egyesülete (Association of Fine Artists) awarded him their "Nagy Aranyéremmel," or Grand Gold Medal.<ref>K 19 – Király Személye Körüli Minisztérium Levéltára – Királyi könyvek – 70. kötet – 713. oldal</ref> | |||
| Among Lechner's ecclesiastical commissions, perhaps the most notable is the parish church of St. Ladislaus in ], Budapest, although its design is based on the earlier plans of ]. The most significant commission of the last decade of his life was the ] in ] (then still called Poszony) (1907–13), an exuberant Szecesszió design built as the private chapel of an adjacent Gymnasium school, which is now an independent parish. | |||
| == Late career and influence == | |||
| ] | |||
| Lechner received a gold medal at the Rome International Architecture Exhibition in 1911, along with his ]n rival ]. In the early 1900s, he received some small assignments, such as the reconstruction of the Dominican House in Szeged; the entrance to the Ernst Museum, Budapest; the Balázs Sipeki Villa; and the Péter Vajda Street School; but he enjoyed little success in his search for larger commissions. In 1906 he published a summary of his views in the journal ''Művészet''. One of Lechner's final commissions was for the Gyula Vermes house in the fifth district of Budapest in 1910–11. | |||
| Nonetheless, his creation of the Szecesszió spawned a number of followers and imitators throughout Hungary, including ], ], ] and {{ill|Marcell Komor|hu|Komor Marcell}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://artportal.hu/kislexikon/komor_marcell |title=KOMOR MARCELL |access-date=2008-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727135322/http://artportal.hu/kislexikon/komor_marcell |archivedate=2009-07-27 }}</ref> ], {{ill|Lajos Jámbor|hu|Jámbor Lajos (építész)}}, {{ill|Artúr Sebestyén|hu|Sebestyén Artúr}}, {{ill|Györgyi Dénes|hu|Dénes Györgyi}}{{ill|Béla Jánszky|hu|Jánszky Béla}}, {{ill|Dezső Zrumetzky|hu|Zrumetzky Dezső}}, ], ], and ].<ref></ref><ref>Idézet Gerle-Kovács-Makovecz: A századforduló magyar építészete könyvből</ref> | |||
| == Buildings and projects == | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| * 1870: Batthyány Tomb | |||
| * 1871: House of József Lenhossék, Budapest VIII., Múzeum krt. 33 (destroyed) | |||
| * 1871: Military men's house of 1848, Budapest IX., Soroksári út 62 (destroyed) | |||
| * 1871–72: János Primayer House, Budapest V., Sas u. 9 (Former Kéksas Street) (Lechner himself lived here, his father-in-law's residence, for an extended period) | |||
| * 1871–74: Apartment building, Budapest V., Szent István tér 3 | |||
| * 1871–75: Pál Mándl house, Budapest VI., Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 43 | |||
| * 1872–74: Kecskemét apartment building, Budapest V., Veres Pálné utca 9 | |||
| * 1873: Arad City Hall (plan) | |||
| * 1874: Tomb of Irma Primayer, Budapest VIII., Fiumei Úti Tomb Garden | |||
| * 1874–75: Kecskemét Savings Bank, Kecskemét, Szabadság tér | |||
| * 1875: Skating Rink, Budapest, Városliget (demolished in 1893) | |||
| * 1880: School, ] | |||
| * 1882: Kecskemét City Baths (unbuilt) | |||
| * 1882–83: ], Szeged, Széchenyi tér 10 (with ] ) | |||
| * 1882–83: Milkó Palace (monument), ], Roosevelt Square 5 | |||
| * 1882–84: Hungarian Railway Pensioners Building (''Palais Drechsler''), ], (with Pártos) | |||
| * 1885–86: ], (today's ], ]), (with Pártos) | |||
| * 1885–86: ], County Hall | |||
| * 1887: Rudolf cavalry barracks, Kecskemét (listed monument)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bacs-kiskun-leveltar.hu/m_re/re_b_kmetterv03.htm |title=Rudolf lovassági laktanya terve. Kecskemét |accessdate=2008-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208093102/http://www.bacs-kiskun-leveltar.hu/m_re/re_b_kmetterv03.htm |archivedate=2008-12-08 }}</ref> | |||
| * 1888–89: Thonet House, Budapest V., Váci u. 11 (listed monument)<ref></ref> | |||
| * 1888: Ottó Biedermann Castle, Mozsgó (destroyed in a fire in 1917 and then partially restored) | |||
| * 1889–91: ], Karlóca (now ], ]) (with Pártos) | |||
| * 1889–93: Szegzárd Hotel, ] | |||
| * 1890–96. ], Kossuth Lajos tér 1 (with Pártos) | |||
| * 1891–96: ], Budapest IX., Üllői út 33-37 (listed monument) | |||
| * 1891–97: ] Church (''Szent László-plébániatemplom''), ], Budapest X., Templom tér (listed monument)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kobanya.hu/tart/farticle/21/392/1 |title=A Szent László-plébániatemplom története |accessdate=2008-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510141928/http://www.kobanya.hu/tart/farticle/21/392/1 |archivedate=2012-05-10 }}</ref> | |||
| * 1892–93: Palace of Simon Leovich, ], ] | |||
| * 1894: Ferenc József Bridge traffic plan, Budapest | |||
| * 1895: Lechner House, Budapest IX., Berzenczey u. 11 | |||
| * 1895: Greek Church Street, Kecskemét, Bazaar Row | |||
| * 1896–99: ], Budapest | |||
| * 1897: Ilka Lechner Vacation House, ], Korányi u. 8. | |||
| * 1898–1900: Lechner House, ] 40 (listed monument) | |||
| * 1899: Stock Exchange, Budapest (unbuilt)<ref>{{dead link|url=http://wiki.omikk.bme.hu/index.php?page=cut&id=8035 |date=February 2019}}</ref> | |||
| * 1899–1901: ] building (''Postatakarékpénztár''), Budapest | |||
| * 1900: Villa of Károly Lechner, ] | |||
| * 1902: Postal Palace plan, ] (with Béla Lajta)<ref>{{dead link|url=http://epmuv.omikk.bme.hu/index.php?page=cut&id=8167 |date=February 2019}}</ref> | |||
| * 1902–04: ], ] (now ]) (with Béla Lajta; destroyed in World War II) | |||
| * 1903: ] Department Store, Vienna (design competition) | |||
| * 1903: Tomb of Schmidl family, ], Budapest, together with ] | |||
| * 1905: Ministry of Culture, Budapest V., Széchenyi rkp. (design competition) | |||
| * 1905: Villa of Balázs Béla Sipeki, today MVGYOSZ, the headquarters of the Hungarian Association of the Blind and Visually Impaired, Budapest XIV., Hermina út 47 (listed monument)<ref></ref> | |||
| * 1906–08: Royal Catholic Gymnasium in Pozsony (]), ] (''Kráľovské katolícke gymnázium'' in today's Bratislava, ]) | |||
| * 1907–13: The ] (Blue Church) in Pozsony (]) (today's ]) | |||
| * 1909: State Teacher Career Training Center, ]<ref></ref> | |||
| * 1909: Plans of the monument to Queen Elizabeth, Budapest, ] | |||
| * 1909–10: Kecskemét, Water Tower and Rákóczi monument, plan<ref></ref> | |||
| * 1909–12: ] in ], USA | |||
| * 1910: Mixed-use building at Irányi ut 15, Budapest | |||
| * 1910-11: Gyula Vermes House, Budapest<ref>{{cite web|title=Irányi utca 15. |url=http://lasdbudapestet.blogspot.com/2013/09/iranyi-utca-15.html |website=See Budapest! |access-date=2021-05-29}}</ref> | |||
| * 1913–24: Simor Street School (today Péter Vajda Primary and Sports School of Singing and Music), Budapest VIII., Vajda Péter u. 25-31 | |||
| * 1914: Szent László Gimnázium, Budapest X. (Kőbánya), Kőrösi Csoma Sándor út 28-34 (listed monument)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.tvnetwork.hu/~Barcza/rubicon2004/Rubicon2004_elemei/image001.jpg |title=Kőbányai Szent László Gimnázium |access-date=2008-09-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040505074052/http://web.tvnetwork.hu/~Barcza/rubicon2004/Rubicon2004_elemei/image001.jpg |archive-date=2004-05-05 }}</ref> | |||
| * 1914: Francis Joseph Memorial Church, Budapest VIII., Rezső tér (design competition, 1st prize)<ref> {{dead link|url=http://wiki.omikk.bme.hu/index.php?page=cut&id=11375 |date=February 2019}}</ref> | |||
| * 1914–15: ], Budapest | |||
| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Szeged-varoshaza.jpg|City Hall, ] (1882) | |||
| Drechsler-palota fortepan 82314.jpg|Drechsler Palais, Budapest (1882–84) | |||
| Zrenjanin City Hall building, Serbia.jpg|], today's Serbia (1885–86) | |||
| Szentlaszlotemplom-budapest.jpg|Saint Ladislaus Church, ] (1891–97) | |||
| Kecskemet City Hall2.jpg|City Hall, ] (1893) | |||
| Museum of Applied Arts. Main facade from south. BudapestDSCN3639.jpg|Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest (1896) | |||
| Former Postal Savings Bank, CoA. - Hold Street, 2016 Budapest.jpg|Postal Saving Bank (1899–1901) | |||
| Blue Church, Bratislava 01.jpg|The ] of ] (Pressburg) (today's Bratislava, ]) (1907–13) | |||
| Gymnázium Grösslingová.jpg|Gymnázium Grösslingová in ] (Pressburg) (today's Bratislava) (1906–08) | |||
| Foldtani-Intezet-P8230174.jpg|Geological Museum, Budapest (1896–99) | |||
| Szent László Gimnázium.JPG|], Budapest (1914–15) | |||
| Statue of Ödön Lechner (Ildikó Zsemlye), 2016 Budapest.jpg|Statue of Lechner by Ildikó Zsemlye in Kőbánya | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ==Monuments and memorials== | |||
| ] | |||
| * The Ödön Lechner Society was founded in 1928; its founding members included ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| * There is a statue in front of the Museum of Applied Arts, next to the Margaret Island Artist's Promenade, and in Szent László Square in Kőbánya. | |||
| * Lechner's bust can be seen in the pantheon of Dóm Square in Szeged. | |||
| * A row of trees in the capital, a square in Szeged, and streets in several cities (such as Kecskemét), are named for Lechner. | |||
| * Lechner's burial place is the 19th tomb of the 28th row of the Fiumei Úti Tomb Garden. | |||
| == Sources == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * - CNN | |||
| {{Commons-inline|Category:Ödön Lechner|Ödön Lechner}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Lechner, Oedoen}} | |||
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Revision as of 15:41, 5 August 2022
Hungarian architectThe native form of this personal name is Lechner Ödön. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
| Ödön Lechner | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Eugen Lechner (1845-08-27)27 August 1845 Pest, Imperyong Austriano |
| Died | 10 June 1914(1914-06-10) (aged 68) Budapest, Austria-Hunggarya |
| Other names | "Hungarian Gaudí" |
| Alma mater | Schinkel Academy |
| Spouse | Irma Primayer |
| Children | János Ödön Irma |
| Parent(s) | Johann Lechner Theresia Schummayer |
Si Ödön Lechner (namundag, Eugen Lechner, 27 Agostot 1845 – 10 Hunyo 1914) sarong Hunggarong arkitekto, asin saro sa mayor na representante kan Hunggaro Szecesszió ma estilo, na may relasyon sa Art Nouveau lakop sa Europa, kabarali an Vienna Secession. Siya bantog sa pagsamno kan saiyang mga proyektong edipisyo kan mga baldosang Zsolnay na modelo na inspirado kan Magyar asin Turkic folk art, na nini rinaramas sa mga modernong materyales siring ka langsang.
An mga obra ni Lechner ipigsumitir kan 2008 para ibali sa World Heritage List.