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| '''Umar ibn Sa'd''' ({{Lang-ar|عمر بن سعد}}) (] 620–686) was |
'''Umar ibn Sa'd''' ({{Lang-ar|عمر بن سعد}}) (] 620–686) Umar bin Sa’ad (620–680) was the son of Hazrat Saad ibn Abi Waqas, one of the revered companions of the Prophet (PBUH). He lived in Kufa. Ibn Ziyad, the governor of Yazid in Kufa told him that a movement had emerged against Yazid in Dalam and he should go there and destroy it. He would be given an army of 4,000 men and after he has destroyed this movement he will be appointed as the new governor of the province of Rayye. | ||
| When Umar bin Sa`d was ready to leave, Ibn Ziyad changed his mind and said, “Instead of going to Dalam, go to Karbala where Husain is camping and is trying to mobilize the people against Yazid.” | |||
| Umar bin Sa’d said, “If I have to go into battle with Imam Husain then I am not willing to go.” Ibn Ziyad said, “You know that I have appointed you the governor of Rayye. I will suspend you and not give you the governorship of Rayye unless you do as I demand.” Umar bin Sa’d asked for sometime to reconsider his options. He thought very deeply and asked his friends and advisers on what he should do. Deep inside he did not want to fight with Imam Hussain and his advisers also told him not to go as Imam Husain was the grandson of the Prophet and had a very high status amongst all Muslims. | |||
| He took orders from ]. He was one of the leaders of the troops who killed ] in the ] in 680, the first major battle of the ] (Second Fitna). | |||
| He went to Ibn Ziyad and recited a poem saying, “I am not going to fight against Imam Husain and I do not want your governorship of Rayye but if you send so and so he will go and fulfil your orders.” Ibn Ziyad said, “If you do not want to go then go home, I do not require your advice on who to send or who not to send. I am above you in rank and have greater knowledge on these matters than you do.” When the governor said this, Ibn Sa`d was startled; he began to reconsider his position. Finally, he was overcome by worldly greed and decided to take the post (promised Governorship of Raye) and became in charge of Yazid’s army against Imam Hussain. He got his men ready and left for Karbala. | |||
| The ancient state of Raiy in Iran was considered of star value in entire Persia. Since the day Sa’ad Ibne Abi Waqqas (father of Umar Ibne Sa’ad) conquered the Persian kingdom, Umar Ibne Sa’ad was desirous of ruling the state. He said while instigating his self on the assassination of Imam Husain:-“So by Allah, I cannot understand two important things about which I am too worried and bewildered. Should I leave the thought of Raiy, or shall I commit the crime of killing Husain. While his killer will be doomed to hell and nothing can save him, the state of Raiy is the comfort of my eyes.” (Kamil Ibn Aseer, Tabari) | |||
| His wife was the sister to ], who ruled ] from 685 to 687, during the ]. He had five sons, Hafs ibn Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas camed in battle of Karbala. | |||
| Upon reaching Karbala he met Imam Husain and enquired, “Why did you come to Kufa?” Imam Husain replied, “I came to Kufa because I was invited through letters, messages and personal invitations and now that I have reached here you do not want me to be here.” Ibn Sa`d said that he would write a letter to his governor Ibn Ziyad to see what he would like Imam Husain to do. When Ibn Ziyad received the letter from Ibn Sa`d, he wrote back saying, “Tell Imam Husain to swear allegiance to Caliph Yazid. If he does, then we shall come to an agreement but if he does not then we shall fight with him and his people. We will also stop their supply of drinking water.” Imam Hussain refused to swear allegiance to Yazid. Ibn Sa`ad sent 500 of his men with Umar Ibn al-Hajjaj as their leader. On 7th of Muharram he gave orders to his army to stop Imam Husain and his people from obtaining any water from the river. On 10th of Muharram, he ordered his army to slaughter Imam Hussain and other members of the Prophet’s family (Ahlul-Bayt). | |||
| The ugly role played by Umar bin Saad in killing Imam Hussain is evidenced clearly in the books of history. Imam Bukhari for example wrote in Tareekh al Sagheer — Volume 1, page 75: | |||
| Umar ibn Sa'd was killed by ], on the orders of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, for his involvement in the Battle of Karbala.<ref name="Dixon">{{EI2|article=Kaysān|last=Dixon|first=A. A.|volume=4|page=836}}</ref><ref>https://qurango.com/images/b/8/231.jpg {{Bare URL image|date=March 2022}}</ref> | |||
| Abu al-Muaali al-Ejli narrated from his father that he said: ‘When Hussain arrived in Karbala, Umar bin Sa’ad was the first individual who cut the ropes of the tents’ | |||
| Dhahabi whilst writing on the life of Ibn Sa’d states in Siyar Al-Aalam al-Nubla Volume 4 page 349: | |||
| “Umar bin Saad, the commander of the troops that fought against al-Hussain , then al-Mukhtar killed him (Umar ibn Saad)”. | |||
| A critical study of history of events of Karbala reveals about Umar Ibne Sa’ad that though he obviously was the assassin of Imam Husain, he committed this heinous act under threatening pressure of Ibne Ziyad. Besides, the greed of state at Raiy, was another factor, which instigated him to do what he did. Otherwise he did not wish to be a part of this crime against Imam Hussain and his Shias. But the thoughts and actions of Umar-e-Sa’ad and his submissive obedience to Ibne Ziyad and Yazid are ample proofs that he indeed was a lowly man with mean and base character. | |||
| 5 | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:03, 7 August 2022
| Umar ibn Sa'd | |
|---|---|
| عمر بن سعد | |
| Born | c. 620 Medina, Hijaz, Arabia (present-day KSA) |
| Died | August c. 686 Kufa, Iraq |
| Cause of death | killed by Abu Amra Kaysan, on the orders of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi |
| Era | Umayyad Dynasty |
| Known for | Commander of Ibn Ziyad's army in the Battle of Karbala |
| Father | Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas |
Umar ibn Sa'd (Template:Lang-ar) (fl. 620–686) Umar bin Sa’ad (620–680) was the son of Hazrat Saad ibn Abi Waqas, one of the revered companions of the Prophet (PBUH). He lived in Kufa. Ibn Ziyad, the governor of Yazid in Kufa told him that a movement had emerged against Yazid in Dalam and he should go there and destroy it. He would be given an army of 4,000 men and after he has destroyed this movement he will be appointed as the new governor of the province of Rayye. When Umar bin Sa`d was ready to leave, Ibn Ziyad changed his mind and said, “Instead of going to Dalam, go to Karbala where Husain is camping and is trying to mobilize the people against Yazid.” Umar bin Sa’d said, “If I have to go into battle with Imam Husain then I am not willing to go.” Ibn Ziyad said, “You know that I have appointed you the governor of Rayye. I will suspend you and not give you the governorship of Rayye unless you do as I demand.” Umar bin Sa’d asked for sometime to reconsider his options. He thought very deeply and asked his friends and advisers on what he should do. Deep inside he did not want to fight with Imam Hussain and his advisers also told him not to go as Imam Husain was the grandson of the Prophet and had a very high status amongst all Muslims. He went to Ibn Ziyad and recited a poem saying, “I am not going to fight against Imam Husain and I do not want your governorship of Rayye but if you send so and so he will go and fulfil your orders.” Ibn Ziyad said, “If you do not want to go then go home, I do not require your advice on who to send or who not to send. I am above you in rank and have greater knowledge on these matters than you do.” When the governor said this, Ibn Sa`d was startled; he began to reconsider his position. Finally, he was overcome by worldly greed and decided to take the post (promised Governorship of Raye) and became in charge of Yazid’s army against Imam Hussain. He got his men ready and left for Karbala. The ancient state of Raiy in Iran was considered of star value in entire Persia. Since the day Sa’ad Ibne Abi Waqqas (father of Umar Ibne Sa’ad) conquered the Persian kingdom, Umar Ibne Sa’ad was desirous of ruling the state. He said while instigating his self on the assassination of Imam Husain:-“So by Allah, I cannot understand two important things about which I am too worried and bewildered. Should I leave the thought of Raiy, or shall I commit the crime of killing Husain. While his killer will be doomed to hell and nothing can save him, the state of Raiy is the comfort of my eyes.” (Kamil Ibn Aseer, Tabari) Upon reaching Karbala he met Imam Husain and enquired, “Why did you come to Kufa?” Imam Husain replied, “I came to Kufa because I was invited through letters, messages and personal invitations and now that I have reached here you do not want me to be here.” Ibn Sa`d said that he would write a letter to his governor Ibn Ziyad to see what he would like Imam Husain to do. When Ibn Ziyad received the letter from Ibn Sa`d, he wrote back saying, “Tell Imam Husain to swear allegiance to Caliph Yazid. If he does, then we shall come to an agreement but if he does not then we shall fight with him and his people. We will also stop their supply of drinking water.” Imam Hussain refused to swear allegiance to Yazid. Ibn Sa`ad sent 500 of his men with Umar Ibn al-Hajjaj as their leader. On 7th of Muharram he gave orders to his army to stop Imam Husain and his people from obtaining any water from the river. On 10th of Muharram, he ordered his army to slaughter Imam Hussain and other members of the Prophet’s family (Ahlul-Bayt). The ugly role played by Umar bin Saad in killing Imam Hussain is evidenced clearly in the books of history. Imam Bukhari for example wrote in Tareekh al Sagheer — Volume 1, page 75: Abu al-Muaali al-Ejli narrated from his father that he said: ‘When Hussain arrived in Karbala, Umar bin Sa’ad was the first individual who cut the ropes of the tents’ Dhahabi whilst writing on the life of Ibn Sa’d states in Siyar Al-Aalam al-Nubla Volume 4 page 349: “Umar bin Saad, the commander of the troops that fought against al-Hussain , then al-Mukhtar killed him (Umar ibn Saad)”. A critical study of history of events of Karbala reveals about Umar Ibne Sa’ad that though he obviously was the assassin of Imam Husain, he committed this heinous act under threatening pressure of Ibne Ziyad. Besides, the greed of state at Raiy, was another factor, which instigated him to do what he did. Otherwise he did not wish to be a part of this crime against Imam Hussain and his Shias. But the thoughts and actions of Umar-e-Sa’ad and his submissive obedience to Ibne Ziyad and Yazid are ample proofs that he indeed was a lowly man with mean and base character. 5
References
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