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Quetzaltenango Xelajú
Municipality and city
Historical buildings, Streets, Minerva Temple, Arch sixth state of Los Altos, Interior of Municipal Theater and Historical center.
Flag
QuetzaltenangoLocation in Guatemala
Coordinates: 14°50′40″N 91°30′05″W / 14.84444°N 91.50139°W / 14.84444; -91.50139
Country	Guatemala
Department	Quetzaltenango
Spanish Foundation	May 7, 1524
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Mayor	Juan Fernando López, Partido Humanista
Area
• Municipality and city	122 km (47 sq mi)
Elevation	2,330 m (7,640 ft)
Population
• Municipality and city	180,706
• Density	1,500/km (3,800/sq mi)
• Urban	180,706
Demonym	Quetzalteca/o
Time zone	UTC-6 (Central America)
Climate	Oceanic climate: subtropical highland variety (Cwb)

Quetzaltenango (Spanish pronunciation: [ketsalteˈnaŋɡo], also known by its Maya name Xelajú [ʃelaˈχu] or Xela ), is both the capital of Quetzaltenango Department and the municipal seat of Quetzaltenango municipality in Guatemala.

The city is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of 2,330 meters (7,640 feet) above sea level at its lowest part. It may reach above 2,400 m (7,900 ft) within the city.

The Municipality of Quetzaltenango consists of an area of 122 km (47 sq mi). Municipalities abutting the municipality of Quetzaltenango include Salcajá, Cantel, Almolonga, Zunil, El Palmar, Concepción Chiquirichapa, San Mateo, La Esperanza, and Olintepeque in Quetzaltenango department and San Andrés Xecul in Totonicapán department.

History

In Pre-Columbian times Quetzaltenango was a city of the Mam Maya people called Xelajú, although by the time of the Spanish Conquest it had become part of the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj. The name may be derived from xe laju' noj meaning "under ten mountains". The city was said to have already been over 300 years old when the Spanish first arrived. With the help of his allies, Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado defeated and killed the Maya ruler Tecún Umán here.

When Alvarado conquered the city for Spain in the 1520s, he called it by the Nahuatl name used by his Central Mexican Indian allies, "Quetzaltenango", generally considered to mean "the place of the quetzal bird." Quetzaltenango became the city's official name in colonial times. However, many people (especially the indigenous population) continue to call the city "Xelajú" or more commonly "Xela" for short, and some proudly, but unofficially, consider it the "capital of the Mayas".

From 1838 to 1840 Quetzaltenango was the capital of the state of Los Altos, one of the states or provinces of the Federal Republic of Central America. As the union broke up, the army of Rafael Carrera conquered Quetzaltenango making it part of Guatemala. In 1850, the city had a population of approximately 20,000.

During the 19th century, coffee was introduced as a major crop in the area. As a result, the economy of Xela prospered. Much fine Belle Époque architecture can still be found in the city.

On October 24, 1902, at 5:00 pm, the Santa María Volcano erupted. Rocks and ash fell on Quetzaltenango at 6 PM, only one hour after the eruption.

In the 1920s, a young Romani woman named Vanushka Cardena Barajas died and was buried in the Xela city cemetery. An active legend has developed around her tomb that says those who bring flowers or write a request on her tomb will be reunited with their former romantic partners. The Guatemalan songwriter Alvaro Aguilar wrote a song based on this legend.

In 1930 the only electric railway in Guatemala, the Ferrocarril de Los Altos, was inaugurated. It was built by AEG and Krupp and had 14 train cars. The track connected Quetzaltenango with San Felipe, Retalhuleu. It was soon destroyed by mudslides and finally demolished in 1933. The people of Quetzaltenango are still very proud of the railway. A railway museum has been established in the city center.

Since the late 1990s Quetzaltenango has been having an economic boom, which makes it the city with the second-highest contribution to the Guatemalan economy. With its first high-rise buildings being built, it is expected by 2015 to have a more prominent skyline, with buildings up to 15 floors tall.

In 2008, the Central American Congress PARLACEN stated that every September 15, Quetzaltenango will be Central America's capital of culture.

Quetzaltenango was supposed to host 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games but dropped out due to a lack of funding for the event.

Climate

According to Köppen climate classification, Quetzaltenango features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). In general, the climate in Quetzaltenango can go from mild to chilly, with occasional sporadic warm episodes. The daily high is usually reached around noon. From then on, temperatures decrease exceptionally fast. The city is quite dry, except during the rainy season. Quetzaltenango is the coolest major city in Guatemala.

There are two main seasons in Quetzaltenango (as in all of Guatemala); the rainy season, which generally runs from late May through late October, and the dry season, which runs from early November until April. During the rainy season, rain falls consistently, usually in the afternoons, but there are occasions in which it rains all day long or at least during the morning. During the dry season, the city frequently will not receive a single drop of rain for months on end.

The coldest months are November through February, with minimum temperatures averaging 4 °C or 39.2 °F, and maximum temperatures averaging 22 °C or 71.6 °F. The warmest months are March through July, with minimum temperatures averaging 8 °C or 46.4 °F and maximum temperatures averaging 23 °C or 73.4 °F. Yearly, the average low is 6.4 °C or 43.5 °F and the average high is 22.5 °C or 72.5 °F.

Economy

Historically, the city produced wheat, maize, fruits, and vegetables. It also had a healthy livestock industry. Livestock was exported throughout the country and to El Salvador. As of 1850, wheat was the largest export, followed by cacao, sugar, wool and cotton.

Sports

Quetzaltenango is home to the Club Xelajú MC soccer team. The team competes at Estadio Mario Camposeco which has a capacity of 13,500 and is the most successful non-capital team in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala.

Due to the city's high altitude many athletes have prepared themselves here such as Olympic silver medalist Erick Barrondo and the 2004 Cuban volleyball team.

The swimming team has enjoyed success in national and international events.

Quetzaltenango withdrew from hosting the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games. It planned to build a 30,000-seat stadium by 2016, as well seven new facilities for indoor sports and aquatics.

Transportation

The city has a system of micro-buses for quick and cheap movement. A micro-bus is essentially a large van stuffed with seats. Micro-buses are numbered based on the route they take (e.g., "Ruta 7"). There is no government-run mass transport system in the city. The sole public means of transport is the bus or micro-buses. Transportation to other cities is provided by bus. Bicycling is a way to get around and to travel to (and in) rural areas. Quetzaltenango Airport provides air service to the city.

Education

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Quetzaltenango,(Xela) is the center of many schools and Universities that provide Education to locals and many thousands of students from the surrounding cities and departments (states) and international students from North America and Europe, that’s the reason it’s a very important city for the south-west/north-west region of the Country of Guatemala, for many decades Quetzaltenango has produced distinguished Citizens through all Educational establishments, among those we can mention:

• Centro Universitario de Occidente San Carlos de Guatemala (CUNOC)
• Universidad Rafael Landivar
• Universidad Mariano Gálvez
• Universidad Mesoamericana
• Universidad Francisco Marroquín
• Universidad de Occidente
• Universidad Galileo
• Universidad del Istmo (Opus Dei affiliated)
• Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala

People born in Quetzaltenango

• Maria Vicenta Rosal (1820–1886), religious leader
• Manuel Barillas (1845–1907), President of Guatemala
• Jesus Castillo (1877–1946), Musician
• Rodolfo Robles (1878–1939), physician and philanthropist
• Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898–1924), President of Guatemala
• Domingo Bethancourt (1906-1980), Musician
• Rodolfo Galeotti Torres (1912–1988), sculptor
• Efraín Recinos (1928–2011), engineer, architect, sculptor
• Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (1913–1971), President of Guatemala
• Alberto Fuentes Mohr (1927–1979), economist, finance minister, foreign minister, social-democratic leaders
• Comandante Rolando Morán (1929-1998), one of the guerrilla leaders in the Guatemalan Civil War
• Carlos Navarrete Cáceres (b. 1931), anthropologist and writer
• Otto René Castillo (b. 1934), poet and revolutionary
• Danilo Lopez (1937-2017), swimmer
• Juan Arturo Gutierrez, founder of international fast-food chain Pollo Campero
• Luis Rolando Ixquiac Xicara (b. 1947), artist
• Julio Serrano Echeverría (b. 1983), poet and writer

Consular representations

• Consulate of El Salvador
• Consulate of Italy
• Consulate of Mexico
• Consulate of Spain

Twin towns – sister cities

Quetzaltenango is twinned with:

• Campeche, Mexico
• Chiapa de Corzo, Mexico
• Livermore, United States
• San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
• Santa Fe, Spain
• Santa María Huatulco, Mexico
• Tapachula, Mexico
• Tromsø, Norway
• Turin, Italy
• Veracruz, Mexico

See also

• Luna de Xelajú
• History of Guatemala
• History of Central America

References

1. Citypopulation.de Population of departments and municipalities in Guatemala
2. Citypopulation.de Population of the major cities in Guatemala
3. ^ Baily, John (1850). Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. London: Trelawney Saunders. pp. 84–85.
4. "GuateLog - Historia de Quetzaltenango". Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
5. notisistema.com; Ciudad guatemalteca, candidata para Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe 2018.
6. "Ministerio de comunicaciones Infraestructura y Vivienda". August 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
7. mixelajumc.com
8. noticias.emisorasunidas.com Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine; Xela presenta candidatura para realizar Juegos Centroamericanos y del Caribe 2018. Radio Emisoras Unidas - en línea desde Guatemala.
9. castillo, jesus. "Jesús Castillo Historical Marker".
10. "Domingo Bethancourt", Misplaced Pages, la enciclopedia libre (in Spanish), 2021-11-11, retrieved 2022-03-04
11. "Quetzalteco cruza el Canal de la Mancha en 1965". 20 September 2015.
12. "Julio Serrano". www.literaturaguatemalteca.org. Retrieved 2020-01-05.
13. . www.comunidades.gob.sv. Archived from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2022. {{cite web}}: replacement character in |title= at position 20 (help)
14. "Consulados de Italia en Guatemala".
15. http://www.sre.gob.mx/quetzaltenango
16. . www.lexureditorial.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2022. {{cite web}}: replacement character in |title= at position 18 (help)
17. "Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Campeche". sre.gob.mx (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
18. ^ "Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Chiapas". sre.gob.mx (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
19. "Sister Cities". cityoflivermore.net. City of Livermore. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
20. "Capitulaciones de Santa Fe" (PDF). santafe.es (in Spanish). Granada Hoy. April 2012. p. 7. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
21. "Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Oaxaca". sre.gob.mx (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
22. "Reactivación económica: primer encuentro virtual Xela – Tapachula". lavozdexela.com (in Spanish). La Voz de Xela. 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
23. "Fakta om Tromsø: Tromsøs vennskapsbyer". tromso.kommune.no (in Norwegian). Tromsø Kommune. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
24. "Municipalidad se pronuncia sobre viaje de concejal a Turín". lavozdexela.com (in Spanish). La Voz de Xela. 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
25. "Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Veracruz". sre.gob.mx (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. Retrieved 2021-01-26.

External links

• "Quezaltenango" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 747.

14°50′N 91°31′W / 14.833°N 91.517°W / 14.833; -91.517

v t e Quetzaltenango Department
Capital: Quetzaltenango
Municipalities	Almolonga Cabricán Cajolá Cantel Coatepeque Colomba Concepción Chiquirichapa El Palmar Flores Costa Cuca Génova Huitán La Esperanza Olintepeque Palestina de Los Altos Quetzaltenango Salcajá San Carlos Sija San Francisco La Unión San Juan Ostuncalco San Martín Sacatepéquez San Mateo San Miguel Sigüilá Sibilia Zunil

• Quetzaltenango
• Municipalities of the Quetzaltenango Department