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The Jin dynasty was a Jurchen-led dynasty of China that ruled over northern China and Manchuria from 1115 until 1234. After the Jurchens defeated the Liao dynasty and the Northern Song dynasty, they would continue to use their coins for day to day usage in the conquered territories. In 1234, they were conquered by the Mongol Empire (which later evolved into the Yuan dynasty; further reading: Yuan dynasty coinage).

History

Although the Jin dynasty had started issuing paper Jiaochao (交鈔) in 1154, they didn’t produce coins until the year 1158, prior to that coins from the preceding Liao and Song dynasties continued to circulate within Jurchen territory, as well as a continuing large inflow of coins produced by the Song, this was because the territory of the Jin didn't have enough copper to meet the demand. Jin era coins circulated alongside paper money and silver sycees, and were the main medium of exchange for the general population.

In the beginning iron coins continued to circulate but this had become to be perceived as an inconvenience so the Jin government ordered the immediate ban on melting down copper for usage other than currency, and was quick to open more copper mines to manage the production of copper coinage. 3 mints were opened that together produced 140,000 strings of coins a year (or 140,000,000 cash coins annually), after inflation had become a problem this production became less profitable for the Jin government.

Coins produced by the Jin dynasty compared to earlier Liao dynasty coinage are both of higher quality, and quantity; this is because the Jurchens chose to model their coins more closely after the Song’s both in production as superficially in its calligraphic style.

Due to the constant Mongol invasions and high military expenditures, coins cast after 1209 had become a rarity.

List of coins produced by the Jin dynasty

Coins produced by the Jurchen Jin dynasty include:

Inscription	Traditional Chinese	Simplified Chinese	Scripts	Years of minting	Emperor	Image
Zheng Long Yuan Bao	正隆元寶	正隆元宝	Regular script	1158–1161	Wanyan Liang
Da Ding Tong Bao	大定通寶	大定通宝	Regular script	1178–1189	Shizong
Tai He Tong Bao	泰和通寶	泰和通宝	Regular script	1204–1209	Zhangzong
Tai He Zhong Bao	泰和重寶	泰和重宝	Regular script, Seal script	1204–1209	Zhangzong
Chong Qing Tong Bao	崇慶通寶	崇庆通宝	Regular script	1212–1213	Wanyan Yongji
Chong Qing Yuan Bao	崇慶元寶	崇庆元宝	Regular script	1212–1213	Wanyan Yongji
Zhi Ning Yuan Bao	至寧元寶	至宁元宝	Regular script	1213	Wanyan Yongji
Zhen You Tong Bao	貞祐通寶	贞佑通宝	Regular script	1213–1216	Xuanzong
Zhen You Yuan Bao	貞祐元寶	贞佑元宝	Regular script	1213–1216	Xuanzong

Da Qi coinage

In 1130 during the Jin–Song Wars the Jin dynasty had set up a second puppet state called “Da Qi” (after the failed first puppet state, Da Chu), this puppet state briefly produced its own coins until it was defeated by the Song in 1137.

Coins produced by the brief Jurchen vassal state include:

Eastern Xia coinage

According to information from an attempted seller, in a small coin hoard in the Russian Far East in 2011 new seven cash coins were discovered, these coins bore the inscription Dongzhen Xingbao (東眞興寶) alluding to a rebel state named Eastern Xia that was founded during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty.

See also

• Ancient Chinese coinage
• History of Chinese currency
• Liao dynasty coinage
• Ming dynasty coinage
• Qing dynasty coinage
• Southern Song dynasty coinage
• Western Xia coinage
• Yuan dynasty coinage
• Zhou dynasty coinage

References

Citations

1. Alexander Kim Historical Studies of the Jurchen in Russia. Retrieved: 20 June 2017.
2. Chinaknowledge.de An overview of the economic history of the Jurchen Jin dynasty. ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art About Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
3. .pdf Silver and the Transition to a Paper Money Standard in Song Dynasty (960-1276) China. Richard von Glahn (UCLA) (For presentation at the Von Gremp Workshop in Economic and Entrepreneurial History.) University of California, Los Angeles, 26 May 2010 Retrieved: 17 June 2017.
4. Robert M. Hartwell, “The Imperial Treasuries: Finance and Power in Sung China,” Bulletin of Sung-Yuan Studies 20 (1988).
5. Hartill, 218. Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
6. "Chinese coins – 中國錢幣 (Jurched/Jurchen Jin Dynasty)". Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). November 16, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
7. Numis' Numismatic Encyclopedia. A reference list of 5000 years of Chinese coinage. (Numista) Written on December 9, 2012 • Last edit: June 13, 2013 Retrieved: 17 June 2017
8. Charms.ru Coincidences of Vietnam and China cash coins legends. Francis Ng, People’s Republic of China, Thuan D. Luc, United States, and Vladimir A. Belyaev, Russia March–June, 1999 Retrieved: 17 June 2017.
9. Hartill, 221. State of Qi
10. Franke 1994, p. 232. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFranke1994 (help)
11. 东北儒生 (April 20, 2012). "东真兴宝 首次发现---龙泉公子" (in Chinese (China)). Sina Corp. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
12. 星夜kan开原 (December 27, 2015). "东夏国钱币新发现(刘兴晔原创）" (in Chinese (China)). Sina Corp. Retrieved September 6, 2018.

Sources

• Hartill, David (September 22, 2005). Cast Chinese Coins. Trafford, United Kingdom: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1412054669.
• Franke, Herbert; Twitchett, Denis (1994). "Introduction". In Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John K. Fairbank (eds.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–42. ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5.

External links

• Media related to Coins of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) at Wikimedia Commons

• Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
• Coins of China
• Cash coins
• Currencies of China
• Medieval currencies
• Chinese numismatics