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It has been suggested that Presidency of Droupadi Murmu be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2022.

Droupadi Murmu (née Puti Biranchi Tudu, born 20 June 1958) is an Indian politician who is serving as the 15th and current President of India since 25 July 2022. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She is the first person belonging to the tribal community and also the second woman after Pratibha Patil to hold the office. She is also the youngest person to occupy the post of President. Prior to her presidency she served as the ninth governor of Jharkhand between 2015 and 2021, and held various portfolios in the cabinet of Government of Odisha between 2000 and 2004.

Before entering politics, she worked as a clerk in the State Irrigation and Power Department from 1979 to 1983, and then as a teacher in Rairangpur until 1997.

Personal life

Droupadi Murmu was born to a Santali family on 20 June 1958, in Uparbeda village in the Baidaposi area of Rairangpur, Odisha. Her father Biranchi Narayan Tudu was a farmer. Her father and grandfather were traditional heads (designated Sarpanch) of the village council (Gram Panchayat). Her family named her Puti Tudu. She was renamed by her school teacher to Droupadi, and her name was changed several times to those including Durpadi and Dorpdi in the past.

Murmu studied elementary education at the local primary school in Uparbeda. At age five, she moved to Bhubaneswar for higher studies. She completed secondary education from Girl's High School Unit-2, and graduated in B.A. from Rama Devi Women's College.

She married Shyam Charan Murmu, a banker, in 1980 with whom she had two sons and a daughter. Her husband, two sons, mother, and a brother all died in a span of 7 years, from 2009 to 2015. She is a follower of the Brahma Kumaris spiritual movement.

Early career

From 1979 to 1983, Murmu worked as a junior assistant at the irrigation department of the Government of Odisha. From 1994 to 1997, she then worked as a teacher at the school Sri Aurobindo Integral Education and Research Centre in Rairangpur, where she taught Hindi, Odia, Maths and Geography. She never claimed for a full salary at the school.

Political career

In 1997, Droupadi Murmu was elected as the councillor of the Rairangpur Nagar Panchayat as an independent candidate from a reserved seat for women. She then joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

She won the 2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election from Rairangpur Assembly constituency and served two terms in the Odisha Legislative Assembly between 2000 and 2009. During the BJP and BJD coalition government in Odisha, she was the Minister of State with Independent Charge for Commerce and Transportation from 6 March 2000 to 6 August 2002, and Fisheries and Animal Resources Development from 6 August 2002 to 16 May 2004.

In 2007, she received the Nilkanth Award for the Best MLA of the Odisha Legislative Assembly. In 2009, she lost the Lok Sabha election from Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency as the BJD and BJP alliance had ended. She was elected to the BJP National Executive (ST Morcha) in 2013, and was the district president until 2015.

Governor of Jharkhand (2015–2021)

Murmu was sworn in as the Governor of Jharkhand on 18 May 2015, becoming the first woman to hold the position. The BJP was in power in the Jharkhand Government for most of her six-year tenure as a governor and was also in power in the Union Government throughout her tenure.

Ratan Tirkey, a former BJP politician and activist, said that Murmu had not done enough to make sure that the self-governance rights granted to tribal communities were properly implemented. These rights were granted under the Fifth Schedule and the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 or PESA. Tirkey said, "Despite several requests, the then governor never exercised her powers to implement the Fifth Schedule provisions and Pesa in letter and spirit".

Her six-year tenure as Governor began in May 2015 and ended in July 2021.

Pathalgadi movement

In 2016–2017, the Raghubar Das ministry was seeking amendments to the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, and the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949. These two original laws had safeguarded the rights of tribal communities on their land. According to the existing laws, land transactions could only be done between tribal communities. The new amendments gave the tribals the right to allow the government to make commercial use of tribal land and to take tribal land on lease. The proposed bill amending the existing law had been approved by the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. The bills were sent to Murmu for approval in November 2016.

The tribal people had strongly objected to the proposed law. During the Pathalgadi movement, protests were held against the proposed amendments to the tenancy acts. In one incident, the protest turned violent and the tribals abducted the security detail of the BJP Member of Parliament Karia Munda. Police responded with a violent crack-down on tribal communities, that caused the death of a tribal man. Criminal cases were filed against more than 200 people including the tribal rights activist Stan Swamy. Murmu was criticized for her soft stand on police aggression against tribal communities during the movement. According to woman tribal rights activist Aloka Kujur she was expected to speak up to the government in support of the tribals but this did not happen, and instead she appealed to the Pathalgarhi agitation leaders to repose faith in the constitution.

Murmu had received total of 192 memorandums against the amendments in the bill. Then opposition leader Hemant Soren had said that the BJP government wanted to acquire tribal land through the two amendment Bills for the benefit of corporates. Opposition parties Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, the Indian National Congress, the Jharkhand Vikas Morcha and others had put intense pressure against the bill. On 24 May 2017, Murmu relented and refused to give assent to the bills and returned the bill to the state government along with the memorandums she had received. The bill was later withdrawn in August 2017.

Religion and land bill

In 2017, she approved the Freedom of Religion Bill, 2017, and the bill to amend the Land Acquisition 2013 Act passed by the Jharkhand Assembly.

The new religion bill makes it an offence subject to a penalty of three years in prison, to coerce or lure a person to convert their religion. If the person coerced is a member of a Scheduled Caste or tribe, a minor, or female, the prison term increases to four years. Fines can be levied in any case. The bill also made it mandatory for voluntary converts, to inform the Deputy Commissioner about their conversion, and to give full details about the circumstances.

The amendments in the Land Acquisition Act, 2013, involved changes in the compensation duration and requirements for social impacts assessment. According to the passed law, monetary compensation for government acquisition of tribal land must be paid within six months of acquisition. The requirement for social impact assessments was dropped for some types of infrastructure projects.

Presidential campaign

In June 2022, the BJP nominated Murmu as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA)'s candidate for President of India for the 2022 election the following month. Yashwant Sinha, was nominated as the candidate for president by the opposition parties. During her election campaign, Murmu visited various states seeking support for her candidature. Several opposition parties like BJD, YSRCP, JMM, BSP, SS, JD(S) among others had announced support for her candidature prior to polling. On 21 July 2022, Murmu secured a clear majority in the 2022 Presidential election defeating common opposition candidate Yashwant Sinha with 676,803 electoral votes (64.03% of total) in 21 of the 28 states (including in the union territory of Puducherry) to become the 15th President of India.

She was elected as the President of India and assumed office on 25 July 2022. She took oath of office on the Central Hall of Parliament by the Chief Justice N. V. Ramana.

Presidency (2022–present)

She was the first person from India's designated tribal communities to be elected president. She is the youngest and first individual born after India's independence in 1947 to have been elected president. Murmu is only the second woman after Pratibha Patil to serve as the President of India.

A Parliamentary delegation from Mozambique visited the Rashtrapati Bhavan in July 2022, led by the speaker of Assembly of Mozambique. This was the first international delegation visit after her assumption of the office. Murmu also stated that "India and Mozambique enjoy close friendly relations with regular exchange of high-level visits between the two countries."

Murmu addressed the nation for the first time as the President of India, on 14 August 2022, Independence day eve. She greeted the citizens of the country on the 75th Independence, and celebrated the rich history of Indian democracy. She stressed on the need for unity and the emergence of technology in the past decade in the country. She also added that work needs to be put on for the next 25 years of 'Amrit Kaal', the centenary of our Independence.

Oaths of Office Administered by Murmu

Political positions

She follows the BJP party and their support of Hindu nationalism (Hindutva). She belives raising cows opens up new economic opportunities through the selling of milk and the production of necessary medicines using cow urine and excrement. The benefits of raising cows for several purposes make it worthwhile to start a cow ranch as a means of achieving financial independence. She supports BJP's 2020 Indian agriculture acts (commonly known as the farm laws).

Murmu has expressed admiration for India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. She has hailed Mahatma Gandhi and also B. R. Ambedkar for his contributions in making the Constitution of India.

Electoral performance

In 2009 election, Biju Janata Dal candidate Laxman Tudu defeated Jharkhand Mukti Morcha candidate Sudam Marndi by a margin of 66,178 votes.

See also

• List of presidents of India

References

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    • https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/25/droupadi-murmu-takes-oath-as-indias-first-tribal-president
    • https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/07/28/droupadi-murmu-india-s-first-tribal-president_5991733_4.html
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    • https://www.freepressjournal.in/weekend/president-droupadi-murmu-decoding-what-women-leaders-bring-to-the-table-at-the-workplace
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    • https://jharkhandstatenews.com/article/top-stories/5563/india-s-first-adivasi-president-droupadi-murmu-may-be-a-star-attraction-on-the-world-indigenous-day-2022/
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34. Admin, India Education Diary Bureau (29 July 2022). "Parliamentary delegation from Mozambique called on President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan | India Education | Latest Education News | Global Educational News | Recent Educational News". Retrieved 31 July 2022.
35. PTI (29 July 2022). "Parliamentary delegation from Mozambique calls on President Droupadi Murmu". ThePrint. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
36. "President Draupadi Murmu delivers her maiden I-Day eve speech | Full text". Hindustan Times. 14 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
37. Bureau, The Hindu (3 August 2022). "Suresh Patel sworn in as the new CVC". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 August 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
38. Bureau, The Hindu (11 August 2022). "Jagdeep Dhankhar sworn in as 14th Vice-President of India". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 August 2022. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
39. NEWS, NE NOW (27 August 2022). "Justice UU Lalit sworn-in as 49th chief justice of India". NORTHEAST NOW. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
40. "Cow ranch a viable mode of self employment: Jharkhand Governor Droupadi Murmu". The Avenue Mail. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
41. "Cow ranch a viable mode of self employment: Jharkhand Governor Droupadi Murmu". The Avenue Mail. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
42. "Odisha Election 2000". ECI. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
43. "Odisha Election 2004". ECI. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
44. "While President-elect #DroupadiMurmu got a vote in all states, Opposition's Presidential candidate Yashwant Sinha drew a blank in Andhra Pradesh, Nagaland, & Sikkim". Twitter.com. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
45. "Number Theory: Comparing Droupadi Murmu's win with her predecessors". Hindustan Times. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.

Further reading

• "The Sunday Profile | Droupadi Murmu: Raisina Calling". The Indian Express. 22 July 2022.
• Saini, Ajay (2020). "A Lifeline for the Subaltern: Group Work During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Jharkhand, India". Social Work with Groups. 45 (1): 88–92. doi:10.1080/01609513.2020.1868704. S2CID 234210438 – via Taylor & Francis.
• Naik, Smita (2016). Whither Women: A Shift from Endowment to Empowerment. CreateSpace. ISBN 9781523724116.
• Bhuiyan, Dasarathi (2014). "Women Politics". Odisha Review – via Academia.edu.

External links

v t e Presidents of India
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Presidents	Rajendra Prasad Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Zakir Husain V. V. Giri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Zail Singh Ramaswamy Venkataraman Shankar Dayal Sharma K. R. Narayanan A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Presidency Pratibha Patil Presidency Pranab Mukherjee Presidency Ram Nath Kovind Presidency Droupadi Murmu (incumbent) Presidency
Acting	V. V. Giri Mohammad Hidayatullah B. D. Jatti
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