Beninese Americans: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 01:33, 22 May 2022 editAmericanEditor350 (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users817 edits →See also Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit		Revision as of 00:58, 20 September 2022 edit undoKlenami2008 (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users672 edits Fixed typoTags: canned edit summary Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app editNext edit →
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==History==		==History==
	The first people from present-day Benin to came to the modern United States were slaves and arrived to this country in the colonial period. Most of the slaves of ] that hailed from Benin were imported to ] (36%), ] (23%), ] (28%) and ] (9,8%). The top three picked up a few thousand slaves of this Straits (Florida only received 698 slaves from Bight of Benin). Many slaves were imported to ] and ] (where was famous the ] case, which took from 110 to 160 slaves from ] to ] in 1859. Some of these people were ] (ca. 1840 – 1935) and ] (c. 1848 – 1937), considered to be the last persons born on African soil to have been enslaved in the United States when slavery was still lawful),<ref name="FerrisJMC">"Question of the Month: Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.?", by David Pilgrim, Curator, Jim Crow Museum, July 2005, webpage:.</ref> in the Gulf Coast. It was in ] where the presence of slaves from modern-day Benin was more notable. Indeed, between 1719 and 1731, most of the slaves who came to Louisiana came directly from Benin, through of boats as ]. The slaves belonged, mainly, to the ] ethnic group,<ref name="Hall">{{cite book \| last=Hall \| first=Gwendolyn Midlo \| year=1995 \| title=Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century \| publisher= Louisiana State University Press \| pages=58}}</ref> but many slaves also were of ~~ethnics~~ such as ] (] subgroup, although they were slavered mainly by Spanish settlers,<ref name=" histoleg">. Wrote by Sybil Kein.</ref> when the Louisiana was Spanish) -, ], and ]. Many of the slaves imported to the modern United States since Benin were sold by the ], in the ].<ref name="FerrisJMC"/> {{#tag:ref\|Indeed, Dahomey was one of the main proslavery Kingdoms of West Africa during the colonial period of the Americas and the nineteenth century, arriving to his maximum economic splendor to late of the eighteenth century thanks to its slave trade with the European traders of many areas of the ] (from the U.S. to ]).<ref> (in Spanish: The Subsaharian element in the Venezolan lexicon).</ref>\|group="note"}} However, not all the slaves sold in day-present Benin were of there: Many were from other places, but were captured by Dahomeyan warriors.<ref>{{Dead link\|date=June 2020 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The native slaves from modern Benin came from places such as ], from where were brought to the port of ], place in the which was made the slave shopping. In this place were sold many of the slavers that were brought to the United States.<ref>Law, Robin, ''Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving "Port", 1727-1892'', ], 2004, {{ISBN\|0-8214-1572-7}}</ref>		The first people from present-day Benin to came to the modern United States were slaves and arrived to this country in the colonial period. Most of the slaves of ] that hailed from Benin were imported to ] (36%), ] (23%), ] (28%) and ] (9,8%). The top three picked up a few thousand slaves of this Straits (Florida only received 698 slaves from Bight of Benin). Many slaves were imported to ] and ] (where was famous the ] case, which took from 110 to 160 slaves from ] to ] in 1859. Some of these people were ] (ca. 1840 – 1935) and ] (c. 1848 – 1937), considered to be the last persons born on African soil to have been enslaved in the United States when slavery was still lawful),<ref name="FerrisJMC">"Question of the Month: Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.?", by David Pilgrim, Curator, Jim Crow Museum, July 2005, webpage:.</ref> in the Gulf Coast. It was in ] where the presence of slaves from modern-day Benin was more notable. Indeed, between 1719 and 1731, most of the slaves who came to Louisiana came directly from Benin, through of boats as ]. The slaves belonged, mainly, to the ] ethnic group,<ref name="Hall">{{cite book \| last=Hall \| first=Gwendolyn Midlo \| year=1995 \| title=Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century \| publisher= Louisiana State University Press \| pages=58}}</ref> but many slaves also were of ethnic groups such as ] (] subgroup, although they were slavered mainly by Spanish settlers,<ref name=" histoleg">. Wrote by Sybil Kein.</ref> when the Louisiana was Spanish) -, ], and ]. Many of the slaves imported to the modern United States since Benin were sold by the ], in the ].<ref name="FerrisJMC"/> {{#tag:ref\|Indeed, Dahomey was one of the main proslavery Kingdoms of West Africa during the colonial period of the Americas and the nineteenth century, arriving to his maximum economic splendor to late of the eighteenth century thanks to its slave trade with the European traders of many areas of the ] (from the U.S. to ]).<ref> (in Spanish: The Subsaharian element in the Venezolan lexicon).</ref>\|group="note"}} However, not all the slaves sold in day-present Benin were of there: Many were from other places, but were captured by Dahomeyan warriors.<ref>{{Dead link\|date=June 2020 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The native slaves from modern Benin came from places such as ], from where were brought to the port of ], place in the which was made the slave shopping. In this place were sold many of the slavers that were brought to the United States.<ref>Law, Robin, ''Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving "Port", 1727-1892'', ], 2004, {{ISBN\|0-8214-1572-7}}</ref>

	The slaves brought with them their cultural practices, languages, and religious beliefs rooted in spirit and ], which were key elements of ].<ref name="Hall"/> Also Haitians, who migrated Louisiana since the late nineteenth century and also contributed to Voodoo of this state, have the Beninese origin as one of its main origins.		The slaves brought with them their cultural practices, languages, and religious beliefs rooted in spirit and ], which were key elements of ].<ref name="Hall"/> Also Haitians, who migrated Louisiana since the late nineteenth century and also contributed to Voodoo of this state, have the Beninese origin as one of its main origins.

Revision as of 00:58, 20 September 2022

Americans of Beninese birth or descent Ethnic group

Beninese American
Total population
605 (mainly, naturalized Benineses and Americans who descendants of Beninese immigrants. 2000 American Community Survey)
Regions with significant populations
Found in Louisiana Alabama New York Chicago Washington D.C.
Languages
American English French
Religion
Christians Muslims and Practitioners of Beninese traditional religion
Related ethnic groups
African American Other American groups of West Africa Togolese Nigerian Senegalese Ivorian Malian Nigerien Burkinabe etc. French

Lists of Americans
By US state
By ethnicity
Afghan African Americans African-American Jews Albanian Algerian Amish Angolan Antiguan and Barbudan Arab Argentine Armenian Asian Assyrian Australian Austrian Azerbaijani
Bahamian Baloch Bangladeshi Barbadian Basque Belarusian Belgian Belizean Beninese Berber Bermudian Bissau-Guinean Bolivian Bosnian Brazilian British Bulgarian Burmese
Caucasian peoples Chechen Lezgin Circassian Georgian Cajun Californios Cambodian Cameroonian Canadian Canarian Cape Verdean Catalan Caribbean Garifuna Indo-Caribbean Central Asian Afghan Kazakh Tajik Uzbek Chilean Chinese Fuzhou Hakka Hoklo Colombian Congolese Coptic Cossack Costa Rican Croatian Cuban Cypriot Czech
Danish Dominican Americans (Dominica) Dominican Americans (Dominican Republic) Dutch Dutch West Indian
Ecuadorian Egyptian English Equatoguinean Eritrean Estonian
Faroese Fijian Indo-Fijian Filipino Finnish French French Polynesian Frisian Fula
Gabonese Galician Gambian German Ghanaian Greek Grenadian Guatemalan Guinean Guyanese
Habesha peoples Ethiopian Eritrean Haitian Hmong Honduran Hongkongese Hungarian
Icelandic Igbo Indian Bengali Gujarati Indo-Caribbean Indo-Fijian Punjabi Tamil Telugu Indonesian Iranian Iraqi Irish Israeli Italian Iu Mien Ivorian
Jamaican Japanese Jews Jordanian
Kalmyk Karen Kashubian Kazakh Kenyan Kittian and Nevisian Korean Kurdish Kuwaiti
Laotian Latino Latvian Lebanese Liberian Libyan Liechtensteiner Lithuanian Louisiana Creole Luxembourg
Macedonian Malawian Maldivian Malian Maltese Malaysian Manx Māori Marshallese Mauritanian Mexican Micronesian Mongolian Montenegrin Moroccan
Native American Native Hawaiian Nepalese New Zealand Nicaraguan Nigerian Igbo Yoruba Nuevomexicano Norwegian
Pakistani Baloch Pashtun Punjabi Sindhi Palauan Palestinian Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Polish Portuguese Puerto Rican
Romani Romanian Moldovan Russian Rusyn
Saint Lucian Salvadoran Sami Sammarinese Samoan Saudi Scotch-Irish Scottish Senegalese Serbian Sicilian Sierra Leonean Singaporean Slovak Slovene Somali Sorbian South African South Asian Bangladeshi Bhutanese Indian Indo-Caribbean Indo-Fijian Nepalese Pakistani Sri Lankan South Sudanese Spanish Hispanos Sri Lankan Sudanese Surinamese Swedish Swiss Syrian
Taiwan Tajik Tanzanian Tejanos Thai Tibetan Togolese Tongan Trinidadian and Tobagonian Tunisian Turkish
Ugandan Ukrainian Uruguayan Uzbek Uyghur
Venezuelan Vietnamese Vincentian Virgin Islander
Welsh
Yemeni Yoruba Yugoslav
Zimbabwean
Category
v t e

Beninese American are Americans of Beninese descent. According to the census of 2000, in the United States there are only 605 Americans of Beninese origin. However, because since the first half of the eighteenth century to nineteenth many slaves were exported from Benin to the present United States, the number of African Americans with one or more Beninese ancestors could be much higher. The number of slaves from Bight of Benin exported to present United States exceeded 6,000 people, although this might consist not only in Benin, but also washes the shores of Ghana, Togo and Nigeria. It is also important to note that they were slaves from modern Benin (along with the Haitian immigrants arrived in the United States in the late nineteenth century), who exchanged voodoo practices with Francophone African descendants in Louisiana. Currently, there are Beninese communities in cities such as Chicago or Washington D.C. and in other states as New York. As of 2021, there were over 500 Beninese immigrants in the town of Austin, Minnesota.

History

The first people from present-day Benin to came to the modern United States were slaves and arrived to this country in the colonial period. Most of the slaves of Bight of Benin that hailed from Benin were imported to South Carolina (36%), Virginia (23%), Gulf Coast (28%) and Florida (9,8%). The top three picked up a few thousand slaves of this Straits (Florida only received 698 slaves from Bight of Benin). Many slaves were imported to Louisiana and Alabama (where was famous the Clotilda slave ship case, which took from 110 to 160 slaves from Dahomey to Mobile in 1859. Some of these people were Cudjo Lewis (ca. 1840 – 1935) and Redoshi (c. 1848 – 1937), considered to be the last persons born on African soil to have been enslaved in the United States when slavery was still lawful), in the Gulf Coast. It was in Louisiana where the presence of slaves from modern-day Benin was more notable. Indeed, between 1719 and 1731, most of the slaves who came to Louisiana came directly from Benin, through of boats as Duc du Maine. The slaves belonged, mainly, to the Fon ethnic group, but many slaves also were of ethnic groups such as Nago (Yoruba subgroup, although they were slavered mainly by Spanish settlers, when the Louisiana was Spanish) -, Ewe, and Gen. Many of the slaves imported to the modern United States since Benin were sold by the King of Dahomey, in the Whydah. However, not all the slaves sold in day-present Benin were of there: Many were from other places, but were captured by Dahomeyan warriors. The native slaves from modern Benin came from places such as Porto-Novo, from where were brought to the port of Ouidah, place in the which was made the slave shopping. In this place were sold many of the slavers that were brought to the United States.

The slaves brought with them their cultural practices, languages, and religious beliefs rooted in spirit and ancestor worship, which were key elements of Louisiana Voodoo. Also Haitians, who migrated Louisiana since the late nineteenth century and also contributed to Voodoo of this state, have the Beninese origin as one of its main origins.

During the twentieth century, most of the Beninese people migrating to foreign countries were headed to Europe, mainly to France and Belgium, because Benin shares with them the same language (as Benin was a French colony since late of nineteenth to 1960), the costs to migrate to these countries were lower than the costs found in countries like the United States and the availability of visas.

However, in the 1980s, some Beninese began migrating to New York, attracted by educational and employment opportunities found in this state. The Benineses who arrived to New York for live there, worked usually in the manufacture or sale of African clothing and hairbraiding, as happened with other West African groups in the state. However, it was not until the 90s when the Beninese population grew significantly in the United States compared to previous Beninese immigration in this country. It was from this decade when the Beninese began to feel attracted to Chicago and other big cities. They promoted the emigration of relatives and friends to these cities.

As in New York, many Beninese women also worked in hairbraiding elsewhere in the United States. In the late 1990s many other Beninese people from Benin and Europe immigrated to United States in one second wave, pursuing also better working conditions and study, well as a graduate education.

Demography

Currently, there Beninese communities in cities such as Chicago or Washington D.C. and in other states as New York and Minnesota. So, great Beninese communities exist in Chicago, where, according to Bobby Dagnon, president of the Association of Beninese of Illinois, the beninese community is growing very rapidly.

Most Beninese who migrate to the United States do so seeking better educational and employment opportunities. Now, many U.S. Beninese immigrants work more than 80 hours a week with the aim, in addition to earn enough money to survive, help their relatives who want to emigrate to the USA.

Organizations

Like other ethnic groups in United States, people of Beninese origin formed organizations and associations to help to other Benineses people in United States.

In 1984 was funded The Association of Beninese Nationals in the U.S.A. (ARBEUA) in Washington D.C. It aims to help socially, culturally and economically (to poorest members) to the U.S. Beninese population. The organization has a National General Assembly and the Executive Board to meet each other and organize cultural activities in the capital of the United States. Over time, some U.S. Beninese communities created some new sections of the organization, as in the case of Beninese community of Chicago, whose basic functions are to establish social and cultural events, such as monthly parties and an annual celebration of the Day Independence on August 1. Other Beninese organization is The Association of Beninese of Illinois, a non-profit organization established in 2008 and whose objective is to meet the needs of Benineses in Illinois, especially in Chicago and surrounding areas. The organization also tries to establish a good relationship between the Americans and the Benineses of that state.

Others Beninese associations in United States are: the Union des Béninois des États-Unis pour le Développement ("Unión de benineses en USA for the development"), the Association des Béninois de la Caroline du Nord, USA (Association of Benineses of North Carolina) and the Association Béninois Indiana (Whose goal are: educate children so that they know about Benin, creating institutions to promote mutual understanding and develop union with other communities of Benin in the United States for the implementation of joint projects).

The Benineses in United States have also the University of Benin Alumni Association, North America, in Westchester, New York.

The Beninese community regularly interact with other communities from West Africa, with which they have cultural ties, such as the Malian, Ivorian, Senegalese or Togolese. In some cities, many Benineses participate in tontine groups, small cooperatives whose purpose is to raise money, through verbal agreement among their members. In the tontine, its members must contribute a fixed amount of money regularly. Thus, these cooperatives allow U.S. Beninese simultaneously collect an amount of money. The Beninese Americans are also the founders of African Hairbraiding Association of Illinois in 2001, to achieve another form of licensing pressing to state for them.

Cultural contributions

Main article: Louisiana Voodoo

Benin's slaves brought to Louisiana the voodoo, followed then by Haitian migrants arrived to that state in the late nineteenth century. Their knowledge of herbs, poisons, and the ritual creation of charms and amulets, intended to protect oneself or harm others, became key elements of Louisiana Voodoo.

Notable people

Notes

Indeed, Dahomey was one of the main proslavery Kingdoms of West Africa during the colonial period of the Americas and the nineteenth century, arriving to his maximum economic splendor to late of the eighteenth century thanks to its slave trade with the European traders of many areas of the Americas (from the U.S. to Brazil).

References

^ "Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
"Minnesota's most diverse communities? Census points to small cities like Austin and Worthington". Sahan Journal. 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
^ "Question of the Month: Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.?", by David Pilgrim, Curator, Jim Crow Museum, July 2005, webpage:Ferris-Clotilde.
^ Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo (1995). Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Louisiana State University Press. p. 58.
Google books: Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana's Free People of Color. Wrote by Sybil Kein.
EL ELEMENTO SUBSAHÁRICO EN EL LÉXICO VENEZOLANO (in Spanish: The Subsaharian element in the Venezolan lexicon).
Zora Neale Hurston, "Cudjo's Own Story of the Last African Slaver", Journal of Negro History, pp. 662-63.
Law, Robin, Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving "Port", 1727-1892, Ohio State University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8214-1572-7
^ Encyclopedia of Chicago: Beninese. Wrote by Tracy Steffes.
^ In Chicago, A Slowly Building Beninese Community. Posted by Jon Grae.
"The Association of Beninese of Illinois". Archived from the original on 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
Union des Béninois des États-Unis pour le Développement Archived 2013-12-10 at the Wayback Machine.
Communiqué Association Béninois Indiana.
Uniben Alumni Reunion 2011

External links

Benin diaspora USA (in French)

African immigration to the United States

North Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

Central Africa	Cameroonian Congolese Equatoguinean Gabonese
East Africa	Eritrean Ethiopian Kenyan Somali South Sudanese Sudanese Tanzanian Ugandan
Southern Africa	Angolan Malawian South African Zimbabwean
West Africa	Beninese Bissau-Guinean Cape Verdean Gambian Ghanaian Guinean Ivorian Liberian Malian Mauritanian Nigerian Senegalese Sierra Leonean Togolese

African ethnic groups
in the United States

Several African ethnic groups are dispersed throughout different areas of Africa, regardless of countries or regions.

v t e Ancestry and ethnicity in the United States
Africa	North Africans Algerian Berber Canarian Egyptian Coptic Libyan Moroccan Tunisian Horn Africans Eritrean Ethiopian Somali Southeast Africans Kenyan South Sudanese Sudanese Tanzanian Ugandan Southern Africans Angolan Malawian South African Zimbabwean Central Africans Cameroonian Congolese Equatoguinean Gabonese West Africans Beninese Cape Verdean Gambian Ghanaian Guinean Guinea-Bissauan Ivorian Liberian Malian Mauritanian Nigerian Igbo Yoruba Senegalese Sierra Leonean Togolese Fula
Asia	Afghan Pashtun Bangladeshi Bhutanese Burmese Cambodian Chinese Fuzhou/Hokchiu Hakka Hong Kong Taiwanese Tibetan Uyghur Filipino Hmong Indian Indo-Caribbean Bengali Punjabi Sindhi Tamil Indonesian Japanese Ryukyuan Kazakh Korean Laotian Malaysian Maldivian Mien Mongolian Nepalese Pakistani Baloch Pashtun Punjabi Sindhi Singaporean Sri Lankan Tamil Tajikistani Thai Uzbek Vietnamese
Europe	Albanian Austrian Basque Belarusian Belgian Flemish Bosnian British Bermudian Cornish English Manx Scotch-Irish Scottish Welsh Bulgarian Cossack Croatian Cypriot Czech Danish Dutch Estonian Faroese Finnish French Breton Corsican Georgian German Frisian Sorbian Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian before 1880 Sicilian Latvian Liechtensteiner Lithuanian Luxembourg Macedonian Maltese Moldovan Montenegrin Norwegian Polish Kashubian Portuguese Romani Romanian Russian Chechen Kalmyk Rusyn Sami Sammarinese Serbian Silesian Slovak Slovene Spanish Asturian Catalan Galician Swedish Swiss Ukrainian Yugoslav
Middle East	Arab Armenian Assyrian Azerbaijani Emirati Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jewish Jordanian Kurdish Kuwaiti Lebanese Palestinian Saudi Syrian Turkish Yemeni
North America	Native Americans and Alaska Natives Appalachian African Americans West Indian/Caribbean Antiguan and Barbudan Bahamian Barbadian Belizean Dominican (Commonwealth) Grenadian Haitian Jamaican Kittian and Nevisian Trinidadian and Tobagonian Canadian French Canadian Hispanic and Latino Black Hispanic and Latino Costa Rican Cuban Dominican (Republic) Guatemalan Honduran Mexican Nicaraguan Panamanian Stateside Puerto Ricans & Puerto Ricans Salvadoran
Oceania	Australian New Zealander Pacific Islander Chamorro Fijian French Polynesian Maori Marshallese Micronesian Native Hawaiians Palauan Samoan Tongan
South America	Argentine Bolivian Brazilian Chilean Colombian Ecuadorian Guyanese Paraguayan Peruvian Surinamese Uruguayan Venezuelan

Demographics of the United States

Demographic history

By economic
and social

By religion

Baha'is
Buddhists
Christians
- Catholics
- Coptics
- Mormons
- Protestants
Hindus
Jains
Jews
Muslims
Native American
Neopagans
Non-religious
Rastafaris
Scientologists
Sikhs
Zoroastrians

By continent and
ethnic ancestry

Africa	African Americans African diaspora in the Americas Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans Antiguan and Barbudan Americans Bahamian Americans Barbadian Americans Bermudian Americans Dominican Americans (Dominica) Dutch West Indian Americans Grenadian Americans Haitian Americans Jamaican Americans Kittian and Nevisian Americans Saint Lucian Americans Stateside Virgin Islands Americans Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans Vincentian Americans Black Hispanic and Latino Americans Black Indians African immigrants to the United States Central Africans in the United States Cameroonian Americans Congolese Americans Equatoguinean Americans Gabonese Americans Fula Americans Igbo Americans East Africans in the United States Eritrean Americans Ethiopian Americans Kenyan Americans Somali Americans South Sudanese Americans Sudanese Americans Tanzanian Americans Ugandan Americans Southern Africans in the United States Angolan Americans Malawian Americans South African Americans Zimbabwean Americans West Africans in the United States Beninese Americans Bissau-Guinean Americans Cape Verdean Americans Gambian Americans Ghanaian Americans Guinean Americans Ivorian Americans Liberian Americans Malian Americans Nigerian Americans Senegalese Americans Sierra Leonean Americans Togolese Americans Yoruba Americans North Africans in the United States Berber Americans Algerian Americans Libyan Americans Moroccan American Tunisian Americans Coptic Americans Egyptian Americans
Asia	Asian Americans Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans Central Asia Afghan Americans Pashtun Americans Baloch Americans Kazakh Americans Kyrgyz Americans Tajik Americans Turkmen Americans Uyghur Americans Uzbek Americans East Asia Chinese Americans Fuzhounese Americans Hakka Americans Hoklo Americans Hong Kong Americans Japanese Americans Korean Americans Mongolian Americans Ryukyuan Americans Taiwanese Americans Tibetan Americans South Asia Bangladeshi Americans Bengali Americans Bhutanese Americans Indian Americans Bengali Americans Gujarati Americans Indo-Caribbean Americans Punjabi Americans Sindhi Americans Tamil Americans Telugu Americans Maldivian Americans Nepalese Americans Pakistani Americans Punjabi Americans Sindhi Americans Sri Lankan Americans Tamil Americans Southeast Asia Burmese Americans Karen Americans Cambodian Americans Filipino Americans Hmong Americans Indonesian Americans Iu Mien Americans Laotian Americans Malaysian Americans Singaporean Americans Thai Americans Vietnamese Americans Romani Americans Hungarian Slovak Gypsies West Asia Arab Americans Bahraini Americans Emirati Americans Iraqi Americans Jordanian Americans Kuwaiti Americans Lebanese Americans Omani Americans Palestinian Americans Qatari Americans Saudi Americans Syrian Americans Yemeni Americans Armenian Americans Assyrian Americans Azerbaijani Americans Circassian Americans Chechen Americans Georgian Americans Iranian Americans Jewish Americans Israeli Americans Lezgin Americans Kurdish Americans Turkish Americans
Europe	White Americans Albanian Americans Asturian Americans Austrian Americans Basque Americans Belarusian Americans Belgian Americans Bosnian Americans British Americans Cornish Americans English Americans Manx Americans Scottish Americans Welsh Americans Bulgarian Americans Catalan Americans Croatian Americans Cypriot Americans Czech Americans Dutch Americans Estonian Americans Finnish Americans French Americans Cajuns Galician Americans German Americans Greek Americans Hungarian Americans Irish Americans Italian Americans before 1880 Latvian Americans Liechtensteiner Americans Lithuanian Americans Luxembourgish Americans Macedonian Americans Maltese Americans Moldovan Americans Montenegrin Americans Polish Americans Portuguese Americans Romanian Americans Russian Americans Sammarinese Americans Nordic and Scandinavian Americans Danish Americans Icelandic Americans Norwegian Americans Swedish Americans Serbian Americans Slovak Americans Slovenian Americans Spanish Americans Californios Swiss Americans Ukrainian Americans Non-Hispanic whites White Hispanic and Latino Americans
North America	Native Americans Abenaki Apache Blackfeet Cherokee Cheyenne Chickasaw Choctaw Colville Comanche Cree Crow Houma Iroquois Cayuga Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Seneca Tuscarora Kiowa Lenape Menominee Mohave Mission Indians Cahuilla Chemehuevi Chumash Cupeño Diegueño Esselen Juaneño Kitanemuk Luiseño Miwok Patwin Pomo Salinan Serrano Suisunes Ohlone Awaswas Chalon Chochenyo Karkin Tamyen Tataviam Tongva Wappo Wintun Yokuts Muscogee Navajo Ojibwe Osage Odawa Paiute Pawnee Pima Potawatomi Pueblo Zia Zuni Quechan Salish Seminole Shawnee Shoshone Sioux Tohono Oʼodham Ute Yakama Yaqui Alaska Natives Alaskan Athabaskans Aleut Alutiiq Gwich'in Haida Iñupiat Tsimshian Tlingit Yupik Canadian Americans Hispanic and Latino Americans Central America Belizean Americans Costa Rican Americans Guatemalan Americans Honduran Americans Nicaraguan Americans Panamanian Americans Salvadoran Americans Cuban Americans Dominican Americans Puerto Rican Americans Mexican Americans Chicanos Indigenous Mexican Americans
Oceania	Pacific Islander Americans Chamorro Americans Fijian Americans French Polynesian Americans Marshallese Americans Micronesian Americans Native Hawaiians Palauan Americans Samoan Americans Tongan Americans Americans of Euro Oceanic origin Australian Americans New Zealand Americans
South America	Argentine Americans Bolivian Americans Brazilian Americans Chilean Americans Colombian Americans Ecuadorian Americans Guyanese Americans Paraguayan Americans Peruvian Americans Surinamese Americans Uruguayan Americans Venezuelan Americans
Multiethnic	Afro-Asian Amerasian Blaxican Cajuns Hapa Louisiana Creole people Melungeon Mulatto Punjabi Mexican Americans
People of the United States / Americans American ancestry Native American ancestry Maps of American ancestries 2010 census Race and ethnicity in the census Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Racism

Categories: