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Year 1306 (MCCCVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

England

• February 10 – Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn III (the Red), Scottish nobleman and political rival, before the high altar of the Greyfriars Church at Dumfries. Bruce and Comyn meet to discuss their differences at the church (without their swords). An argument between the two ensues and Bruce draws his dagger in anger and stabs Comyn. He flees the church, telling his followers outside what has occurred. Roger de Kirkpatrick, cousin of Bruce, goes back inside and finishes off the seriously wounded Comyn. In response, Bruce is excommunicated by Pope Clement V.
• March 25 – Robert the Bruce is crowned king of Scotland by Bishop William de Lamberton at Scone, near Perth. Despite lacking the traditional coronation stone, diadem and scepter, all of which have transferred to London. During the ceremony, the Scottish nobles of Atholl, Lennox, Mar and Menteith are present – while the 18-year-old Elizabeth de Burgh is crowned queen of Scots. The coronation takes place in defiance of the English claims of suzerainty after King Edward I (Longshanks) strips John de Baliol of his crown as King of Scots.
• May – Edward I (Longshanks) appoints Aymer de Valance, lieutenant for Scotland. Valence makes his base at Perth – along with Henry Percy and Robert Clifford, to organize an army. Edward gives special orders ("Raise the Dragon") that no mercy is to be granted and all Scots taken in arms are to be executed without trial. He sends his son, Edward of Caernarfon, with a royal retinue to the Scottish frontier to persecute these orders.
• June 19 – Battle of Methven: Scottish forces (some 5,000 men) under Robert the Bruce are defeated by the English army at Methven. During the battle, the Scots are overwhelmed by a surprise attack on their camp. They are outnumbered, but Bruce manages to form a phalanx to break free. Finally, he is forced to retreat, leaving many of his followers dead or soon to be executed.
• July – Battle of Dalrigh: Robert the Bruce is defeated by rival Scottish forces (some 1,000 men) led by John of Argyll (the Lame), chieftain and uncle of John Comyn III (the Red), of the Clan MacDougall at Dalrigh (known as "King's Field"). During the battle, Bruce himself narrowly escapes capture and takes with the remnants refuge in the mountains of Atholl (Scottish Highlands).
• September – English forces under Edward of Caernarfon capture and sack Kildrummy Castle. Edward takes Elizabeth de Burgh, Christina Bruce and Mary Bruce (sisters of Robert the Bruce), and Princess Marjorie Bruce (daughter of Bruce) as prisoners. He executes Nigel de Brus (younger brother of Bruce) for high treason, who is later hanged, drawn and quartered at Berwick.
• Winter – Robert the Bruce retires to the Isle of Rathlin with a small group of followers, including Bruce's brothers Edward, Thomas and Alexander, as well James Douglas, Niall mac Cailein and Malcolm II. He is welcomed by the Irish Bissett family and stays at Rathlin Castle (or Bruce's Castle). Robert reorganizes his resources and musters troops for the campaign in Scotland.

Europe

• May 15 – One of the first exchange contracts (cambium) to mention the city of Bruges involves two parties: Giovanni Villani, representing the Peruzzi Company, granting a loan to Tommaso Fini, representing the Gallerani Company of Siena.
• June – The Knights Hospitaller conquers the islands of Kos (briefly) and Kastellorizo, and begin their conquest of Rhodes.
• September 29 – The Hatuna Games are played in Sweden.
• December 6 – The monetary policy of Philippe le Bel triggers a revolt in Paris. The provost's house is burned, and the king has to flee to the fortress of the Temple.

Date unknown

• Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France, and confiscates their property.
• Storkyrkan, the current cathedral of Stockholm, is consecrated.
• In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden, when Parliament is in session (the ordinance is not particularly effective).
• The Mongols raid India.

Births

• August 8 – Rudolf II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1353)
• Isabella, Countess of Brienne, vassal ruler and claimant (d. 1360)
• Ashikaga Tadayoshi, general of the Northern and Southern Courts (d. 1352)
• Sasaki Takauji, Japanese poet, warrior, and bureaucrat (d. 1373)

Deaths

• February 10 – John Comyn III (the Red), Scottish nobleman (b. 1274)
• March 21 – Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)
• May 5 – Constantine Palaiologos, Byzantine prince and general (b. 1261)
• August 4 – King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (b. 1289)
• December 6 – Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1270)
• Araniko (or Anige), Nepalese architect and painter (b. 1245)
• Nigel de Brus (or the Bruce), Scottish nobleman and knight
• Robert Burghersh, English nobleman, knight and Constable

References

1. Murison, A. F. (1899). King Robert the Bruce, p. 30 (reprint 2005 ed.). Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9781417914944.
2. Armstrong, Pete (2003. Osprey: Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98, p. 88. ISBN 1-84176-510-4.
3. Scott, Ronald McNair (1982). Robert the Bruce: King of Scots, p. 75. New York: Barnes and Noble. ISBN 978-1566192705.
4. Scott, Ronald McNair (1982). Robert the Bruce: King of Scots, p. 81. New York: Barnes and Noble. ISBN 978-1566192705.
5. Scott, Ronald McNair (1982). Robert the Bruce: King of Scots, p. 82. New York: Barnes and Noble. ISBN 978-1566192705.
6. MacDougall, Ian (1905). "The Brooch of Lorn"in "Communications and Replies", pp. 110–115. The Scottish Historical Review, Vol. 3, Edinburgh University Press.
7. Robert de Bruce (King of Scotland (1810). The Life of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, p. 39. Edinburgh, retrieved 14 January 2017.
8. Duncan, A. A. M. (1973). "The Scots' Invasion of Ireland, 1315", p. 105, in R. R. Davies (ed.). The British Isles, 1100–1500, pp. 100–117. Edinburgh: J. Donald (1988).
9. Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Hazard, Harry W. (ed.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 278–313. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
10. Favier, Jean (2012). Le Bourgeois de Paris au Moyen Age. Paris: Tallandier. p. 135.
11. Nirenberg, David (1998). Communities of violence: persecution of minorities in the Middle Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-691-05889-X.
12. Regner, Elisabet (2013). Det medeltida Stockholm. En arkeologisk guidebok [Medieval Stockholm. An archaeological guide book] (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media. p. 150. ISBN 978-91-86297-88-6.
13. Holland, John (1841). The history and description of fossil fuel, the collieries, and coal trade of Great Britain. London: Whittaker and Company. pp. 313–314.

• 1306