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The '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' ('''ITLOS''') is an ] created by the mandate of the ]. It was established by the ], signed at ], on December&nbsp;10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November&nbsp;16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of four ] listed in Article&nbsp;287 of the UNCLOS.<ref name="best" /> The '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' ('''ITLOS''') is an ] created by the mandate of the ]. It was established by the ], signed at ], on December&nbsp;10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November&nbsp;16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of four ] listed in Article&nbsp;287 of the UNCLOS.<ref name="best" />


The Tribunal is based in ], Germany. The Convention also established the ], with responsibility for the regulation of ] beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. There are currently 168 signatories, 167 states plus the ]. {{As of|December 2023}}, holdouts included the ]<ref name="hf" /> and the ].<ref name="tw" /> The Tribunal is based in ], Germany. The Convention also established the ], with responsibility for the regulation of ] beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. There are currently 168 signatories, 167 states plus the ]. {{As of|December 2022}}, holdouts included the ]<ref name="hf" /> and the ].<ref name="tw" />


==Composition== ==Composition==

Revision as of 16:48, 29 December 2022

Intergovernmental organization

International Tribunal for the Law of the SeaTribunal international du droit de la mer (French)
Official logo of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Official logo
SeatGermany Hamburg, Germany
Working languages
Judges from21 nations
Leaders
• President South Africa Judge Albert Hoffmann
• Vice President Iceland Judge Tomas Heidar
Establishment
• UNCLOS adopted December 10, 1982
• UNCLOS in force November 16, 1994
Website
Official website Edit this at Wikidata
A large building with trees in front
ITLOS seen from Elbchaussee, close to the River Elbe

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) is an intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It was established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on December 10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November 16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of four dispute resolution mechanisms listed in Article 287 of the UNCLOS.

The Tribunal is based in Hamburg, Germany. The Convention also established the International Seabed Authority, with responsibility for the regulation of seabed mining beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. There are currently 168 signatories, 167 states plus the European Union. As of December 2022, holdouts included the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Composition

According to its founding statute, the Tribunal has a set of 21 judges who serve from a variety of states parties, "according to a method that intends to assure an equitable geographical representation".

At the request of Chile and the European Union, the Tribunal set up a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with the Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean (Chile/European Community).

By agreement of the parties Ghana and Ivory Coast, the Tribunal formed a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with the Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire).

By agreement of the parties Mauritius and Maldives, the Tribunal formed a special chamber of seven permanent judges and two ad hoc judges to deal with the Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives).

Seats

Disputes referred to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or one of its chambers can be heard in Germany or in Singapore.

Current judges

Judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Country Name Inauguration President Vice president
Cape Verde Cape Verde José Luís Jesus 1999 2008–2011
Poland Poland Stanisław Pawlak 2005
Japan Japan Shunji Yanai 2005 2011–2014
Tanzania Tanzania James Kateka 2005
South Africa South Africa Albert J. Hoffmann 2005 2020–present 2011–2014
Algeria Algeria Boualem Bouguetaia 2008 2014–2017
South Korea South Korea Paik Jin-hyun 2009 2017–2020
Malta Malta David Attard 2011 2017–2020
Ukraine Ukraine Markiyan Kulyk 2011
Mexico Mexico Alonso Gómez-Robledo 2014
Iceland Iceland Tomas Heiðar 2014 2020–present
Paraguay Paraguay Óscar Cabello Sarubbi 2017
India India Neeru Chadha 2017
Thailand Thailand Kriangsak Kittichaisaree 2017
Russia Russia Roman Kolodkin 2017
Netherlands Netherlands Liesbeth Lijnzaad 2017
Chile Chile María Teresa Infante Caffi 2020
Jamaica Jamaica Kathy-Ann Brown 2020
Italy Italy Ida Caracciolo 2020
Cameroon Cameroon Maurice Kamga 2020
China China Duan Jielong 2020

Former judges

Former judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Country Name Inauguration Until
Bulgaria Bulgaria Alexander Yankov 1996 2011
Russia Russia Anatoly Kolodkin 1996 2008
Brazil Brazil Antonio Cachapuz de Medeiros 2016 2016
Croatia Croatia Budislav Vukas 1996 2005
South Korea South Korea Choon-ho Park 1996 2008
France France Jean-Pierre Cot 2002 2020
United Kingdom United Kingdom David Heywood Anderson 1996 2005
Grenada Grenada Dolliver Nelson 1996 2014
Belize Belize Edward Arthur Laing 1996 2001
China China Gao Zhiguo 2008 2020
China China Xu Guangjian 2001 2007
Iceland Iceland Guðmundur Eiríksson 1996 2002
Austria Austria Helmut Türk 2005 2014
Argentina Argentina Hugo Caminos 1996 2011
Lebanon Lebanon Joseph Akl 1996 2017
Tanzania Tanzania Joseph Warioba 1996 2008
Argentina Argentina Elsa Kelly 2011 2020
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Lennox Fitzroy Ballah 2002 2003
Senegal Senegal Tafsir Malick Ndiaye 1996 2020
China China Zhao Lihai 1996 2000
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Anthony Lucky 2003 2020
Cameroon Cameroon Paul Engo 1996 2008
India India P. Chandrasekhara Rao 1996 2017
Germany Germany Rüdiger Wolfrum 1996 2017
Japan Japan Soji Yamamoto 1996 2005
Ghana Ghana Thomas Mensah 1996 2005
Italy Italy Tullio Treves 1996 2011
Brazil Brazil Vicente Marotta Rangel 1996 2015
Russia Russia Vladimir Golitsyn 2008 2017

Cases

Cases of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Name Applicant Respondent Case began Case ended Disposition
The M/V "Saiga" Case  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Guinea November 13, 1997 December 4, 1997 Judgment on prompt release
The M/V "Saiga" (No. 2) Case  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Guinea January 13, 1998 July 1, 1999 Judgment on merits
Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases  New Zealand  Japan July 30, 1999 August 27, 1999 Order on provisional measures
 Australia
The "Camouco" Case  Panama  France January 17, 2000 February 7, 2000 Judgment on prompt release
The "Monte Confurco" Case  Seychelles  France November 27, 2000 December 18, 2000 Judgment on prompt release
Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean  Chile /  European Union December 19, 2000 December 16, 2009 Terminated at request of parties
The "Grand Prince" Case  Belize  France March 21, 2001 April 20, 2001 Judgment on prompt release
The "Chaisiri Reefer 2" Case  Panama  Yemen July 3, 2001 July 13, 2001 Terminated at request of parties
The MOX Plant Case  Ireland  United Kingdom November 9, 2001 December 3, 2001 Order on provisional measures
The "Volga" Case  Russia  Australia December 2, 2002 December 23, 2002 Judgment on prompt release
Case concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and Around the Straits of Johor  Malaysia  Singapore September 5, 2003 October 8, 2003 Order on provisional measures
The "Juno Trader" Case  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Guinea-Bissau November 18, 2004 December 18, 2004 Judgment on prompt release
The "Hoshinmaru" Case  Japan  Russia July 6, 2007 August 6, 2007 Judgment on prompt release
The "Tomimaru" Case  Japan  Russia July 6, 2007 August 6, 2007 Judgment on prompt release
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal  Bangladesh /  Myanmar December 14, 2009 March 14, 2012 Judgment on merits
Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area International Seabed Authority May 14, 2010 February 1, 2011 Advisory opinion
The M/V "Louisa" Case  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Spain November 24, 2010 May 28, 2013 Judgment on merits
The M/V "Virginia G" Case  Panama /  Guinea-Bissau July 4, 2011 April 14, 2014 Judgment on merits
The "ARA Libertad" Case  Argentina  Ghana November 14, 2012 December 15, 2012 Order on provisional measures
Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC) Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission March 28, 2013 April 2, 2015 Advisory opinion
The "Arctic Sunrise" Case  Netherlands  Russia October 21, 2013 November 22, 2013 Order on provisional measures
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean  Ghana /  Ivory Coast December 3, 2014 September 23, 2017 Judgment on merits
The "Enrica Lexie" Incident  Italy  India July 21, 2015 August 24, 2015 Order on provisional measures
The M/V "Norstar" Case  Panama  Italy December 17, 2015 April 10, 2019 Judgment on merits
Case concerning the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels  Ukraine  Russia April 16, 2019 May 25, 2019 Order on provisional measures
The M/T "San Padre Pio" Case   Switzerland  Nigeria May 21, 2019 July 6, 2019 Order on provisional measures
Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean  Mauritius /  Maldives September 24, 2019 Ongoing
The M/T "San Padre Pio" (No. 2) Case   Switzerland /  Nigeria December 17, 2019 December 29, 2021 Terminated at request of parties
The M/T "Heroic Idun" Case  Marshall Islands  Equatorial Guinea November 10, 2022 November 15, 2022 Terminated at request of applicant
Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law December 12, 2022 Ongoing
  1. The European Union replaced and succeeded the  European Community as a party to the case on December 1, 2009.

References

  1. SM Mitchell; EJ Powell. "Forum Shopping for the Best Adjudicator: Conflict Management and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Itlos)" (PDF). APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper. American Political Science Association.
  2. Groves, Steven (March 12, 2012). "Accession to U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea Would Expose the U.S. to Baseless Climate Change Lawsuits". The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012.
  3. "Iran strikes in Strait of Hormuz as Middle East tanker tensions explode". Trade Winds. July 22, 2019.
  4. García-Revillo, Miguel G. (2016). "3. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)". Yearbook of International Environmental Law. 27: 424–426. doi:10.1093/yiel/yvx077.
  5. "Press release" (PDF). www.itlos.org. September 27, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  6. "International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Seat". www.itlos.org. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  7. ITLOS. "ITLOS AND SINGAPORE SIGN MODEL AGREEMENT TO ENABLE THE TRIBUNAL TO SIT IN SINGAPORE" (PDF).
  8. Auto, Hermes (June 11, 2020). "Law of the sea disputes can now be heard in Singapore under signed agreement | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved February 2, 2022.

External links

Portals:

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