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	{{OrbitboxPlanet begin		{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
			\| table_ref = <ref>{{citation\|arxiv=2207.12755\|year=2022\|title=The K2-3 System Revisited: Testing Photoevaporation and Core-powered Mass Loss with Three Small Planets Spanning the Radius Valley\|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ac7807 \|last1=Diamond-Lowe \|first1=Hannah \|last2=Kreidberg \|first2=Laura \|last3=Harman \|first3=C. E. \|last4=Kempton \|first4=Eliza M.-R. \|last5=Rogers \|first5=Leslie A. \|last6=Joyce \|first6=Simon R. G. \|last7=Eastman \|first7=Jason D. \|last8=King \|first8=George W. \|last9=Kopparapu \|first9=Ravi \|last10=Youngblood \|first10=Allison \|last11=Kosiarek \|first11=Molly R. \|last12=Livingston \|first12=John H. \|last13=Hardegree-Ullman \|first13=Kevin K. \|last14=Crossfield \|first14=Ian J. M. \|journal=The Astronomical Journal \|volume=164 \|issue=5 \|page=172 \|s2cid=251067119 }}</ref>
	\| table_ref = <ref>{{citation\|arxiv=2207.12755\|year=2022\|title=The K2-3 system revisited: testing photoevaporation and core-powered mass loss with three small planets spanning the radius valley}}</ref>
	}}		}}
	{{OrbitboxPlanet		{{OrbitboxPlanet

Revision as of 16:54, 26 February 2023

Red dwarf star in the constellation Leo

K2-3
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Leo
Right ascension	11 29 20.3918
Declination	−01° 27′ 17.280″
Apparent magnitude (V)	12.168±0.009
Characteristics
Spectral type	M0V
B−V color index	1.35 ± 0.06
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	32.6±1 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 94.034±0.094 mas/yr Dec.: −78.139±0.057 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	22.6610 ± 0.0553 mas
Distance	143.9 ± 0.4 ly (44.1 ± 0.1 pc)

Details

Mass	0.601 ± 0.089 `M`_☉
Radius	0.561 ± 0.068 `R`_☉
Temperature	3835±70 K
Metallicity	−0.01±0.09 dex
Rotation	40±2 d
Age	≥1 Gyr

Other designations
EPIC 201367065, 2MASS J11292037-0127173, WISE J112920.45-012718.0
Database references
SIMBAD	data

K2-3, also known as EPIC 201367065, is a red dwarf with three known planets. All are Super-Earths, and the outermost is in the habitable zone. It is on the borderline of being a late orange dwarf/K-type star, but because of its temperature, it is classified as a red dwarf (4,000 K is typically the division line between spectral class M and K).

At a distance of about 144 light-years, the star's proximity means it is bright enough to make it feasible for astronomers to study the planets' atmospheres to determine whether they are like Earth's atmosphere and possibly conducive to life.

Planetary system

K2-3 has at least three confirmed exoplanets, discovered in 2015

The K2-3 planetary system
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	5.11 _−0.64 M_🜨	0.0747 _−0.0012	10.0546535 _−0.0000091	0.107 _−0.059	89.40 _−0.22°	2.078 _−0.067 R_🜨
c	2.68±0.85 M_🜨	0.1357 _−0.0022	24.646729 _−0.000042	0.048 _−0.035	89.84 _−0.14°	1.582 _−0.051 R_🜨
d	unknown M_🜨	0.2014 _−0.003	44.55603 _−0.00012	0.091 _−0.06	89.82 _−0.11°	1.458 _−0.051 R_🜨

References

Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
Henden, A. A.; et al. (2016). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336. Originally Published in: 2015AAS...22533616H. 2336. Bibcode:2016yCat.2336....0H.Vizier catalog entry
^ "K2-3 PLANET HOST OVERVIEW PAGE". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved 2015-10-17.
^ Crossfield, Ian J. M.; et al. (2015). "A Nearby M Star with Three Transiting Super-Earths Discovered by K2". The Astrophysical Journal. 804 (1). 10. arXiv:1501.03798. Bibcode:2015ApJ...804...10C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/10.
^ Damasso, Mario; et al. (2018). "Eyes on K2-3: A system of three likely sub-Neptunes characterized with HARPS-N and HARPS". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615. A69. arXiv:1802.08320. Bibcode:2018A&A...615A..69D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732459. S2CID 58923147.
Kosiarek, Molly R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Livingston, John H.; Benneke, Björn; Henry, Gregory W.; Howard, Ward S.; Berardo, David; Blunt, Sarah; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Petigura, Erik A.; Sinukoff, Evan; Weiss, Lauren; Bonfils, Xavier; Dressing, Courtney D.; Knutson, Heather A.; Schlieder, Joshua E.; Werner, Michael; Gorjian, Varoujan; Krick, Jessica; Morales, Farisa Y.; Astudillo-Defru, Nicola; Almenara, José M.; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Lovis, Christophe; Mayor, Michel; Murgas, Felipe; Pepe, Francesco; Santos, Nuno C.; Udry, Stéphane; Corbett, Henry Tillman; Fors, Octavi; Law, Nicholas M.; Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.; del Ser, Daniel (2019). "Bright Opportunities for Atmospheric Characterization of Small Planets: Masses and Radii of K2-3 b, c, and d and GJ3470 b from Radial Velocity Measurements and Spitzer Transits". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (3): 97. arXiv:1812.08241. Bibcode:2019AJ....157...97K. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf79c. S2CID 119440420.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Three Super-Earths Found Circling Nearby Red Dwarf
Diamond-Lowe, Hannah; Kreidberg, Laura; Harman, C. E.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Rogers, Leslie A.; Joyce, Simon R. G.; Eastman, Jason D.; King, George W.; Kopparapu, Ravi; Youngblood, Allison; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Livingston, John H.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Crossfield, Ian J. M. (2022), "The K2-3 System Revisited: Testing Photoevaporation and Core-powered Mass Loss with Three Small Planets Spanning the Radius Valley", The Astronomical Journal, 164 (5): 172, arXiv:2207.12755, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac7807, S2CID 251067119{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

v t e K2-3 system
Stars	K2-3
Planets	K2-3b K2-3c K2-3d

2015 in space

« 2014 2016 »

Space probe launches

Space probes	SMAP (weather satellite; Jan 2015) LISA Pathfinder (technology demonstration; Dec 2015)
Space observatories	DSCOVR (weather satellite; Feb 2015) Astrosat (space telescope; Sep 2015)

Impact events

Selected NEOs

Exoplanets

Discoveries

2015 BP519
US 708
EGS-zs8-1 (announced)
WISE J224607.57−052635.0
1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5
ASASSN-15lh
EGSY8p7
Tabby's Star
541132 Leleākūhonua
VFTS 352 contact binary
GW150914 (first observation of gravitational waves)
GW151226

Comets

Space exploration

Rosetta (orbiting comet 67P; Nov 2014 / Mar 2015)
Dawn (Ceres orbit insertion; Mar 2015)
MESSENGER (end of mission; Apr 2015)
New Horizons (flyby of Pluto; Jul 2015)
Akatsuki (Venus orbit insertion; Dec 2015)

Constellation of Leo

Stars

Bayer	α (Regulus) β (Denebola) γ (Algieba) δ (Zosma) ε (Algenubi) ζ (Adhafera) η θ (Chertan) ι κ (Al Minliar al Asad) λ (Alterf) μ (Rasalas) ν ξ ο (Subra) π ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Flamsteed	3 6 (h) 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 (f) 18 19 20 21 22 (g) 23 26 31 (A) 33 34 35 37 39 40 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50 51 (m) 52 (k) 53 (l) 54 55 56 57 58 (d) 59 (c) 60 (b) 61 (p) 62 (p) 64 65 (p) 66 67 69 (p) 71 72 73 (n) 75 76 79 80 81 82 83 85 86 87 (e) 88 89 90 92 93 95 (o) 6 LMi 18 LMi 49 LMi 52 LMi
Variable	R AD CN CW DP EE
HR	4253 (p) 4459 (Formosa)
HD	81040 88133 89307 96063 (Dingolay) 97658 99109 (Shama) 100777 (Sagarmatha) 102272
Other	BD+20 2457 Gliese 408 Gliese 436 (Noquisi) GJ 3685 HVS 7 K2-3 K2-18 2MASSI J0937347+293142 2MASS J10475385+2124234 MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 PSR B0943+10 PSR B0950+08 SDSS J102915+172927

Exoplanets	γ Leonis b μ Leonis b υ Leonis b DP Leonis b Gliese 436 b (Awohali) HD 81040 b HD 88133 b HD 89307 b HD 89345 b HD 96063 b (Ramajay) HD 99109 b (Perwana) HD 100777 b (Laligurans) HD 102272 b c K2-18b c

Galaxies

Messier	65 66 95 96 105
NGC	2903 2906 2911 2964 3041 3048 3049 3177 3185 3187 3190 3193 3226 3227 3239 3274 3301 3357 3362 3367 3370 3377 3384 3412 3426 3447 3455 3489 3501 3506 3521 3524 3535 3593 3596 3598 3599 3602 3605 3607 3608 3628 3632 3640 3646 3647 3664 3666 3678 3686 3697 3705 3710 3758 3799 3800 3801 3805 3806 3810 3816 3821 3837 3840 3841 3842 3844 3845 3851 3857 3859 3860 3861 3862 3864 3867 3868 3873 3875 3883 3884 3886 3900 3902 3908 3925 3937 3947 3954 4005
Numbered	I II III IV V
Other	Cosmic Horseshoe IC 2498 IC 2628 IRAS 10565+2448 J1000+1242 Leo P Leo T PSO J172.3556+18.7734 UGC 6614 UGC 6697