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| ==Legal issues== | ==Legal issues== | ||
| In many countries, such as the ], there is no ] in post-consumer waste once it leaves the consumer's home. Anyone can search it, including the ], and any incriminating ] recovered can be used at trial. This doctrine was established in The '']'' case, in which the ] held that there is no ] ] for discarded materials. This has since led people to argue the legality of taking post-consumer waste for salvage value.<ref>{{cite web|url= |
In many countries, such as the ], there is no ] in post-consumer waste once it leaves the consumer's home. Anyone can search it, including the ], and any incriminating ] recovered can be used at trial. This doctrine was established in The '']'' case, in which the ] held that there is no ] ] for discarded materials. This has since led people to argue the legality of taking post-consumer waste for salvage value.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scrappingmetal.blogspot.com/p/legality-of-scrapping-waste.html |title=Legality of Scrapping Metal |access-date=2010-10-04}}</ref> | ||
| ==Excessive Waste== | ==Excessive Waste== | ||
Revision as of 12:58, 17 March 2023
Trash or garbage discarded by the end-consumers of products | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Post-consumer waste" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
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Post-consumer waste is a waste type produced by the end consumer of a material stream; that is, where the waste-producing use did not involve the production of another product.
The terms of pre-consumer and post-consumer recycled materials are not defined in the ISO standard number 14021 (1999) but pre-consumer and post-consumer materials are. These definitions are the most widely recognized and verified definitions as used by manufacturers and procurement officers worldwide.
Quite commonly, it is simply the waste that individuals routinely discard, either in a waste receptacle or a dump, or by littering, incinerating, pouring down the drain, or washing into the gutter.
Post-consumer waste is distinguished from pre-consumer waste, which is the reintroduction of manufacturing scrap (such as trimmings from paper production, defective aluminum cans, etc.) back into the manufacturing process. Pre-consumer waste is commonly used in manufacturing industries, and is often not considered recycling in the traditional sense.
Types
Post-consumer waste consists of:
- packaging
- parts that are not needed, such as fruit skins, bones in meat, etc.
- undesired things received, e.g.:
- advertising material in the mailbox
- a flyer received in the street without having the opportunity to refuse
- dust, weeds, fallen leaves, etc.
- things one no longer needs, e.g. a magazine that has been read, things replaced by new versions, clothes out of fashion, remaining food that one cannot keep or does not want to keep
- broken things, things no longer working, spoiled food, worn-out clothes, clothes which no longer fit
- outgrown items toys, clothing, books, schoolwork
- disposables such as Kleenex and finished batteries
- human waste, waste of pets, waste water from various forms of cleaning
- "post-life waste"
- one's body or ashes
- things people do not want and cannot sell
- broken/unused cars
- items that cannot be used
Legal issues
In many countries, such as the United States, there is no reasonable expectation of privacy in post-consumer waste once it leaves the consumer's home. Anyone can search it, including the police, and any incriminating evidence recovered can be used at trial. This doctrine was established in The California v. Greenwood case, in which the U.S. Supreme Court held that there is no common law expectation of privacy for discarded materials. This has since led people to argue the legality of taking post-consumer waste for salvage value.
Excessive Waste
Especially within the food system, there is a lot of waste occurring at the consumer end. Post-consumer waste accounts for a large amount of food that is wasted. This can be attributed to many reasons, one of which being the way in which food is labeled. According to a study published in 2020, the confusing labeled of use by, consume by, or sell by dates are a significant reason why food is wasted at such a high volume when the food is otherwise entirely edible. Another way is the way that food is used once it reaches the average consumer household due to many factors, with the main factors being social, behavioral, and personal purchasing habits. Additionally, each of those factors influence each other and affect the amount of food that is wasted per person.
See also
References
- "Legality of Scrapping Metal". Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- Toma, Luiza; Font, Montserrat Costa; Thompson, Bethan (2020). "Impact of Consumers' Understanding of Date Labelling on Food Waste Behaviour". Operational Research. 20 (2): 543–560. doi:10.1007/s12351-017-0352-3. S2CID 158834200.
- Roodhuyzen, D.M.A.; Luning, P.A.; Fogliano, V.; Steenbekkers, L.P.A. (October 2017). "Putting together the puzzle of consumer food waste: Towards an integral perspective". Trends in Food Science & Technology. 68: 37–50. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.009. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
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