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==Wiki Education assignment: Applied Plant Ecology Winter 2022== ==Wiki Education assignment: Applied Plant Ecology Winter 2022==
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== Deleted text block about effects of climate change ==

I've deleted this text block about the effects of climate change and have replaced it with an excerpt from ]. This will help reduce maintenance work in future. I don't think that any of the text below added much value. If there was anything of value there, it could be moved to ]:

"Global heating is driven by human ] (GHG). As of 2021, average temperatures have already risen about 1.2&nbsp;°C above ] levels.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mann|2021|loc=chpt. 8 , p.213}}</ref> This rise has already contributed to ] and to many thousands of human deaths. At the ], nations agreed to make efforts to keep further rises well below 2&nbsp;°C, and to try to limit them to 1.5&nbsp;°C. Specific actions to achieve this have not yet been decided. With existing policies and commitments, global warming is projected to reach about 3&nbsp;°C by 2100. The impact of global warming could be worsened by the possible triggering of irreversible ].<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCCSR|2018|loc=Section 3.5.2 & 3.5.5}}</ref>

In the worst case, ] from mutually reinforcing cascading tipping points could lead to runaway climate change beyond human ability to control; though this is considered highly unlikely.<ref group="note">] says there is no mainstream scientific evidence at all for runaway global warming as an imminent threat (See Mann 2021, Chpt 8, esp. p.204) However, other mainstream climate scientists, such as ], an author of the ], considers the risk significant. Warnings of the runaway warming threat appear in various books on the politics of climate change published after 2019, for example Liven (2020), Figures (2020), Chomsky (2020).</ref> Considerable economic disruption is predicted even if political agreement is strong enough to achieve the ] pathway, which is likely to keep warming between 1.5&nbsp;°C and 2&nbsp;°C. Among the risks of 2&nbsp;°C warming are sea level rises that could devastate various Island nations, along with vulnerable countries and regions with much low-lying land, such as ] or ]."
] (]) 09:51, 20 March 2023 (UTC)
{{reflist-talk}} ] (]) 09:51, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

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Country Positions Historical Information

This content was cut and past here. It's mostly out of date and POV laden with weasle words etc. However, there might be something valuable we can harvest and reincorporate into the article.

English Speaking Countries In most English-speaking countries, support for action to mitigate global warming, such as ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is strong on the political left.

However, the first politician to put global warming on the political agenda was Richard Nixon 1969. Nixon wanted environmental topics (as acid rain and greenhouse effect) to be treated by a third and civil pillar of NATO. The reaction of the NATO allies was lukewarm but the initiative gained impact in the civil field.

In the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher was instrumental in increasing the United Kingdom's electricity generation from North Sea gas and reducing generation from coal.

In Germany Angela Merkel, then secretary of the environment during the conservative Helmut Kohl government, lead the German Kyoto Delegation and had a substantial role in making the Kyoto agreement possible.

In December 2007, Kevin Rudd's first act as prime minister of Australia was to ratify the Kyoto Protocol in time for the Kyoto Protocol talks in Bali.

In Canada, the Liberal Party government ratified Kyoto.

In New Zealand, the Labour government of Helen Clark ratified Kyoto.

In the United Kingdom, the Labour Party ratified Kyoto

In the United States, Bill Clinton's Administration signed Kyoto and Democrats have proposed and supported a number of bills to mitigate emissions. Although Kyoto is signed, subsequent sessions of Congress failed to ratify the treaty and thus the United States is not bound to it. US diplomats have conceded the treaty will never be ratified. "We are not going to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. That is out," said US climate negotiator Jonathan Pershing at the 2009 Bangkok Climate Change Talks. Barack Obama supported passage of the American Clean Energy and Security Act to establish a United States Carbon Cap and Trade Program; while the bill was approved in the House of Representatives, it was not taken up in the Senate.

In some countries the political right are fighting on a platform of taking tough action against global warming, while in others the political right either dispute the scientific consensus on global warming or oppose action to mitigate global warming, instead favoring adaption. All European countries have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and all have supported strong reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

In the United States, a February 2007 survey found that 95% of the 41 Congressional Democrats surveyed agreed "it's been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the Earth is warming because of man-made problems" while only 13% of the 31 Republicans surveyed agreed.

Global warming skepticism has been promoted by newspapers associated with the right such as The Australian, the Daily Telegraph in the United Kingdom and the National Post in Canada.

Asia Australia officially ratified the Kyoto Protocol, after the new Labor government came into power on December 3, 2007. The previous Coalition government had long objected to ratifying the treaty, arguing it would unduly impact on Australian jobs, especially when countries such as China, India and the U.S. were not party to it.

Japan is preparing to force industry to make big cuts in greenhouse gases, taking the lead in a country struggling to meet its Kyoto Protocol obligations.

Canada Canada's Liberal Government during the 1990s had agreed to Kyoto but oversaw the increase of greenhouse gas emissions during their terms in office and did little to meet Kyoto's targets. Canada's current Conservative Government has claimed that, due to increased emissions since 1990, it is realistically impossible to meet their Kyoto targets and attempting to do so would be disastrous for the Canadian economy. Current Prime Minister Stephen Harper has come under fire for being adamant in leaving Kyoto and working on a different climate plan. Consequently, this issue has become something of an Achilles' heel for the Government in recent months. The current Liberal Party has been quick in their condemnation of the Government but has also been accused of using Global Warming for political purposes as seen in the naming of leader Stéphane Dion's dog 'Kyoto'.

Europe

Russia signed the Kyoto Protocol in November 2004, after a deal with the European Union over WTO membership. Russia's ratification completed the requirements of the treaty to come into force, based on nations totaling 55% of world greenhouse gas emissions.

The UK government-commissioned Stern Review into the economic effects of climate change was published in October 2006. Tony Blair's assessment was that it showed that scientific evidence of global warming was "overwhelming" and its consequences "disastrous". He added, "We can't wait the five years it took to negotiate Kyoto — we simply don't have the time. We accept we have to go further ." The UK government launched an official calculator in the week of June 18, 2007 that enables every person in the country to work out how much carbon dioxide they produce and how to cut it. Tory group sets out plans for Green Revolution. In the UK campaign group Camp for Climate Action aims to keep climate change on the political agenda, using direct action against major carbon emitters.

United States

Main article: Climate change policy of the United States

The politics of global warming is played out at a state and federal level in the United States. Attempts to draw up climate change policy are being made at a state level to a greater extent than at a federal level.

Vatican Pope Benedict XVI told up to half a million people, over a hillside near the Adriatic city of Loreto on the day Catholic Church marks its annual Save Creation Day, that world leaders must make courageous decisions to save the planet "before it is too late".

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hüne was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. Murray, Iain (2003-09-17). "Fixing the Game:Kyoto rules". National Review Online. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  3. Purvis, Andrew (2007-10-17). "Angela Merkel — Heroes of the Environment". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
  4. ^ AAP (2007-12-03). "Rudd ratifies Kyoto The Age". The Age Company Limited. Retrieved 2010-06-07. Australia's official declaration today that we will become a member of the Kyoto Protocol is a significant step forward in our country's efforts to fight climate change domestically and with the international community
  5. Hood, Marlowe (2009-10-08). "Climate: What's to become of the Kyoto Protocol?". AFP. Retrieved 2009-10-10. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. Climate change concerns championed by Cameron's Conservatives
  7. "Base page" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  8. "Climate change: The Deniers". www.canada.com. CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. 2007-06-20. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  9. WBCSD. "World Business Council for Sustainable Development". WBCSD. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  10. "Climate change fight 'can't wait'". BBC News. 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  11. Juliette Jowit, environment editor (2007-06-18). "calculator to help save the planet". London: Observer.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-08-29. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  12. "Tory Group Sets Out Plans for Green Revolution". Planet Ark. 2007-09-14. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  13. "Save The Planet Before It's Too Late, Pope Urges". Planet Ark. 2007-09-03. Retrieved 2010-08-29.

Could someone add more about politics of carbon pricing and removal of fossil fuel subsidies?

Not sure I have time to do anything on this very important article myself but glad to see others updating it. There isn't much yet on how some countries have successfully implemented carbon pricing and reduced fossil fuel subsidies and others not - for example gilet jeune, iran etc. Could someone add some analysis of the politics of why some have been able to do it and others not - e.g. common factors? Chidgk1 (talk) 09:07, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

Relevance of sentence about energy price for industry

William M. Connolley "Making energy more expensive for industry can reduce the amount of economic activity within a jurisdiction, which has knock on effects on jobs and revenue." seems irrelevant to me because energy can be high or low carbon. So making energy more expensive for industry may encourage or discourage GHG emissions depending on the policy details. Also it varies a lot even within one industry. For example increasing the price of fossil fuels may decrease economic activity in blast furnaces but increase that in electric arc furnaces as if their electricity is relatively clean their steel will become more competitive against blast furnaces.

Having said that industry can influence politics so the article should say something about industry - not really sure what. Perhaps you or someone else can improve the sentence. Chidgk1 (talk) 17:48, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

And yet energy price concerns and their consequences are definitely part of the politics-of-GW debate William M. Connolley (talk) 21:32, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Reduced influence of denial needs expansion.

The subsection titled "Reduced influence of climate change denial" needs to be expanded to include more hard numbers to back up this claim. --SpiritedMichelle (talk) 02:03, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Applied Plant Ecology Winter 2022

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 10 January 2022 and 23 April 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jennifersenv (article contribs).

Deleted text block about effects of climate change

I've deleted this text block about the effects of climate change and have replaced it with an excerpt from effects of climate change. This will help reduce maintenance work in future. I don't think that any of the text below added much value. If there was anything of value there, it could be moved to effects of climate change:

"Global heating is driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). As of 2021, average temperatures have already risen about 1.2 °C above pre-industrial levels. This rise has already contributed to the extinction of numerous plants and animals and to many thousands of human deaths. At the 2015 Paris conference, nations agreed to make efforts to keep further rises well below 2 °C, and to try to limit them to 1.5 °C. Specific actions to achieve this have not yet been decided. With existing policies and commitments, global warming is projected to reach about 3 °C by 2100. The impact of global warming could be worsened by the possible triggering of irreversible climate tipping points.

In the worst case, feedback from mutually reinforcing cascading tipping points could lead to runaway climate change beyond human ability to control; though this is considered highly unlikely. Considerable economic disruption is predicted even if political agreement is strong enough to achieve the RCP 2.6 pathway, which is likely to keep warming between 1.5 °C and 2 °C. Among the risks of 2 °C warming are sea level rises that could devastate various Island nations, along with vulnerable countries and regions with much low-lying land, such as Bangladesh or Florida." EMsmile (talk) 09:51, 20 March 2023 (UTC)

References

  1. Mann 2021, chpt. 8 , p.213 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMann2021 (help)
  2. IPCCSR 2018, Section 3.5.2 & 3.5.5 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFIPCCSR2018 (help)

EMsmile (talk) 09:51, 20 March 2023 (UTC)


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

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