| Revision as of 20:32, 9 February 2023 editBD2412 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, IP block exemptions, Administrators2,449,588 editsm →History: Fixing links to disambiguation pages in preparation for imminent disambiguation., replaced: Poles → PolesTag: AWB← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:44, 25 March 2023 edit undoMarcin 303 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users18,315 editsNo edit summaryNext edit → | ||
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| | timezone_DST = ] | | timezone_DST = ] | ||
| | utc_offset_DST = +2 | | utc_offset_DST = +2 | ||
| | coordinates = {{coord|53|45|21|N|19|11|51|E|region:PL|display= |
| coordinates = {{coord|53|45|21|N|19|11|51|E|region:PL|display=it}} | ||
| | elevation_m = 90 | | elevation_m = 90 | ||
| | postal_code_type = Postal code | | postal_code_type = Postal code | ||
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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| In 1236, the ] under ], destroyed an ] fortress between the lakes Dzierzgoń and Liwieniec. The settlement was first mentioned in 1250 as ''Riesenburg''. The village grew around the castle and received ] city rights on 30 October 1330<ref name=his>{{cite web|url= http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|title= History of Prabuty|access-date= 2009-01-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080430025051/http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|archive-date= 2008-04-30|url-status= dead}}</ref> from bishop Rudolf of Pomerania (1322–1332). In 1379 the town was visited by Lithuanian duke ].<ref name=his/><ref name=sgk> |
In 1236, the ] under ], destroyed an ] fortress between the lakes Dzierzgoń and Liwieniec. The settlement was first mentioned in 1250 as ''Riesenburg''. The village grew around the castle and received ] city rights on 30 October 1330<ref name=his>{{cite web|url= http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|title= History of Prabuty|access-date= 2009-01-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080430025051/http://www.prabuty.pl/prabuty/content/view/15/34/|archive-date= 2008-04-30|url-status= dead}}</ref> from bishop Rudolf of Pomerania (1322–1332). In 1379 the town was visited by Lithuanian duke ].<ref name=his/><ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX|year=1888|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=10}}</ref> In 1410 and 1414 it was captured by the Poles.<ref name=sgk/> | ||
| Knights and ]s of the Prabuty district were co-founders of the anti-Teutonic ] in 1440.<ref> |
Knights and ]s of the Prabuty district were co-founders of the anti-Teutonic ] in 1440.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=10}}</ref> Since its establishment, part of the population wanted the town to join the organization.<ref name=his/> In 1451, the town council eventually joined the Prussian Confederation, but bishop Kaspar Linke expelled the councilors and confiscated their property. The town was accepted again by the organization in February 1454, and upon the request of the organization, in March 1454, Polish King ] incorporated the region and town to the ],<ref>Górski, pp. XXXVIII, 54</ref> and the ] broke out. The ] and canons of Pomesania also pledged allegiance to the Polish King.<ref>Górski, pp. 71–73</ref> Around that time, the town was mentioned in documents as ''Prabuth''.<ref>''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX'', p. 9</ref> After the ], in which Polish forces were defeated, the town was forced to side with the Order again.<ref name=sgk/> After the war and the ], the town became a part of Poland as a ],<ref>Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215</ref> and Pomesanian bishops retained their rule over the area. In 1525 the town became part of ], a vassal state of Poland. In 1556, a ] was held in the town. | ||
| The town suffered during the 17th century ]. In 1628, half of it was burnt down, and in 1688 the remainder was burned.<ref name="JFG" /> In 1722, fire caused destruction once again.<ref name="JFG" /> | |||
| In 1701, as part of Ducal Prussia, the town became a part of the ] and part of the newly created province of ] in 1773. Despite this, as of 1789, Polish Protestant church services were still held in the town, and there was a Polish municipal school there.<ref name=sgk/> In 1871, the town became part of the ] in the framework of the Prussian-led ]. Until 1919, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of ] in the ]. | In 1701, as part of Ducal Prussia, the town became a part of the ] and part of the newly created province of ] in 1773. Despite this, as of 1789, Polish Protestant church services were still held in the town, and there was a Polish municipal school there.<ref name=sgk/> In 1871, the town became part of the ] in the framework of the Prussian-led ]. Until 1919, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of ] in the ]. | ||
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| After ], ] was held concerning the future nationality of the town, which remained part of ]. From 1920 to 1939, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of ] in the ] and from 1939 until 1945 to the district of ] in the province of ]. | After ], ] was held concerning the future nationality of the town, which remained part of ]. From 1920 to 1939, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of ] in the ] and from 1939 until 1945 to the district of ] in the province of ]. | ||
| During ] Germany operated a ] in the town.<ref> |
During ] Germany operated a ] in the town.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Daniluk|first=Jan|year=2012|title=Wykorzystanie siły roboczej jeńców wojennych w XX Okręgu Wojskowym w latach II wojny światowej (zarys problemu)|journal=Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny|location=Opole|language=pl|volume=35|page=22}}</ref> The town was captured by the ] ] in 1945 in the final months of the war. It then became again part of Poland. Most of the German inhabitants ] in accordance with the ] and the pre-war Polish population was joined by ] displaced from ]. | ||
| ] (1905–44), brother of ], is buried in a |
] (1905–44), brother of ], is buried in a the local military cemetery, according to the ]. | ||
| {{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=3 |total_width= |
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=3 |total_width=440 |header=Historic churches in Prabuty | ||
| | image1=Konkatedra w Prabutach.jpg | | image1=Konkatedra w Prabutach.jpg | ||
| | image2=Prabuty, kościół św. Andrzeja (1).jpg | | image2=Prabuty, kościół św. Andrzeja (1).jpg | ||
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| |} | |} | ||
| <ref name="JFG">]: ''Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen''. Part II: ''Topographie von West-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1789, </ref><ref> |
<ref name="JFG">]: ''Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen''. Part II: ''Topographie von West-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1789, </ref><ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon|year=1909|volume=16|edition=6th|location=Leipzig|language=de|pages=925–926}}</ref><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref><ref name="AEP" >August Eduard Preuß: ''Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde''. Königsberg 1835, </ref> | ||
| ==Sports== | ==Sports== | ||
| Line 110: | Line 110: | ||
| * ] (1755–1829) the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785-1823 and then served himself as Duke from 1823–1829. | * ] (1755–1829) the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785-1823 and then served himself as Duke from 1823–1829. | ||
| * Adolf Treichel (1869–1926), German politician, President of the ] (]) | * Adolf Treichel (1869–1926), German politician, President of the ] (]) | ||
| * {{illm|Jan Wittstock|pl |
* {{illm|Jan Wittstock|pl}} (1886–1962), Polish activist | ||
| * ] (1897–1986) a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field. | * ] (1897–1986) a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field. | ||
| * {{illm|Stanisław Żyrek|pl |
* {{illm|Stanisław Żyrek|pl}} (1936–2010), Polish sculptor | ||
| * {{illm|Jerzy Weinberger|pl |
* {{illm|Jerzy Weinberger|pl}} (born 1940), Polish jurist, former member of the ] | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:44, 25 March 2023
See also: Prabuty, Masovian Voivodeship Place in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland| Prabuty | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Rynek (Market Square) in Prabuty | |
 Flag Coat of arms | |
  PrabutyShow map of Poland PrabutyShow map of Pomeranian Voivodeship | |
| Coordinates: 53°45′21″N 19°11′51″E / 53.75583°N 19.19750°E / 53.75583; 19.19750 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kwidzyn |
| Gmina | Prabuty |
| First mentioned | 1236 |
| Town rights | 1330 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marek Szulc |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7.92 km (3.06 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 8,488 |
| • Density | 1,100/km (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 82–550 |
| Area code | +48 55 |
| Car plates | GKW |
| Website | http://www.prabuty.pl |
Prabuty (Template:Lang-de) is a town in Kwidzyn County within the Pomeranian Voivodeship of northern Poland. Before World War I, the town belonged to the German province of West Prussia. It was ceded to Poland in 1945. Between 1975 and 1998, Prabuty was part of the Elbląg Voivodeship.
Geographical location
Prabuty is located approximately 18 kilometers east of Kwidzyn, 100 kilometers southeast of Gdańsk, 100 kilometers west of Olsztyn, and 133 kilometers southwest of Kaliningrad.
Prabuty is a rail junction on the Warszawa–Gdynia railway.
History
In 1236, the Teutonic Knights under Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, destroyed an Old Prussian fortress between the lakes Dzierzgoń and Liwieniec. The settlement was first mentioned in 1250 as Riesenburg. The village grew around the castle and received Culm law city rights on 30 October 1330 from bishop Rudolf of Pomerania (1322–1332). In 1379 the town was visited by Lithuanian duke Švitrigaila. In 1410 and 1414 it was captured by the Poles.
Knights and squires of the Prabuty district were co-founders of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation in 1440. Since its establishment, part of the population wanted the town to join the organization. In 1451, the town council eventually joined the Prussian Confederation, but bishop Kaspar Linke expelled the councilors and confiscated their property. The town was accepted again by the organization in February 1454, and upon the request of the organization, in March 1454, Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland, and the Thirteen Years' War broke out. The Bishop and canons of Pomesania also pledged allegiance to the Polish King. Around that time, the town was mentioned in documents as Prabuth. After the Battle of Chojnice, in which Polish forces were defeated, the town was forced to side with the Order again. After the war and the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), the town became a part of Poland as a fief, and Pomesanian bishops retained their rule over the area. In 1525 the town became part of Ducal Prussia, a vassal state of Poland. In 1556, a synod was held in the town.
The town suffered during the 17th century Polish-Swedish wars. In 1628, half of it was burnt down, and in 1688 the remainder was burned. In 1722, fire caused destruction once again.
In 1701, as part of Ducal Prussia, the town became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia and part of the newly created province of West Prussia in 1773. Despite this, as of 1789, Polish Protestant church services were still held in the town, and there was a Polish municipal school there. In 1871, the town became part of the German Empire in the framework of the Prussian-led unification of Germany. Until 1919, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the Province of West Prussia.
After World War I, a referendum was held concerning the future nationality of the town, which remained part of Weimar Germany. From 1920 to 1939, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen in the Province of East Prussia and from 1939 until 1945 to the district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.
During World War II Germany operated a prisoner-of-war camp in the town. The town was captured by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 in the final months of the war. It then became again part of Poland. Most of the German inhabitants were expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and the pre-war Polish population was joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.
Heinz Heydrich (1905–44), brother of Reinhard Heydrich, is buried in a the local military cemetery, according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt).
Historic churches in Prabuty
St. Adalbert Co-cathedral.jpg)
Saint Andrew church
Saint Mary chapel
Number of inhabitants by year
| Year | Number |
|---|---|
| 1777 | 1,797 |
| 1782 | 1,878 |
| 1831 | 2,722 |
| 1875 | 3,542 |
| 1880 | 3,718 |
| 1890 | 4,586 |
| 1900 | 5,032 |
| 1905 | 4,826 |
| 1925 | 5,340 |
| 1933 | 6,116 |
| 1939 | 8,093 |
| 2006 | 8,488 |
Sports
The local football club is Pogoń Prabuty. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable residents
- Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755–1829) the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785-1823 and then served himself as Duke from 1823–1829.
- Adolf Treichel (1869–1926), German politician, President of the Volkstag (Free City of Danzig)
- Jan Wittstock [pl] (1886–1962), Polish activist
- Charlotte Wolff (1897–1986) a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field.
- Stanisław Żyrek [pl] (1936–2010), Polish sculptor
- Jerzy Weinberger [pl] (born 1940), Polish jurist, former member of the State Tribunal of Poland
References
- ^ "History of Prabuty". Archived from the original on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX (in Polish). Warszawa. 1888. p. 10.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 10.
- Górski, pp. XXXVIII, 54
- Górski, pp. 71–73
- Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX, p. 9
- Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen. Part II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, p. 6, no 2.
- Daniluk, Jan (2012). "Wykorzystanie siły roboczej jeńców wojennych w XX Okręgu Wojskowym w latach II wojny światowej (zarys problemu)". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 35. Opole: 22.
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon (in German). Vol. 16 (6th ed.). Leipzig. 1909. pp. 925–926.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Rosenberg (2006).
- August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 441.
External links
- Municipal website (in Polish)
- Independent Municipal Website (in Polish)
- History and Forum City (in Polish)
- Futbol Team Website (in Polish)