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| | death_place = Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, ]<br/>(now in Telangana, India) | | death_place = Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, ]<br/>(now in Telangana, India) | ||
| |succession=5th ]}} | |succession=5th ]}} | ||
| ] | |||
| '''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (4 April 1565{{spaced ndash}}11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the ] of ] and founded the city of ],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |newspaper=] |date=15 November 2018 |first1=Manu S. |last1=Pillai |title=Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum}}</ref> in South-central ] and built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years. | '''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (4 April 1565{{spaced ndash}}11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the ] of ] and founded the city of ],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |newspaper=] |date=15 November 2018 |first1=Manu S. |last1=Pillai |title=Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum}}</ref> in South-central ] and built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/muhammad-quli-qutb-shah-founder-haidarabad |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| ==Birth, early life and personal life== | ==Birth, early life and personal life== | ||
| Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of ] and Hindu Mother Bhagirathi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151 }}</ref> He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in ], ] and ].<ref name="Schimmel" >{{cite book |first1=Annemarie |last1=Schimmel |title=Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl'' |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1975 |page=143}}</ref> As the first author in the ], he composed his verses in the Persian ''diwan'' style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, ''gazal-i musalsal''.<ref name="Schimmel" /> Muhammad Quli's ''Kulliyat'' comprised 1800 pages, over half were ''gazals'', ''qasidas'' on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of ''matnawi'' and ''marsiyas.''<ref name="Schimmel" /> |
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of ] and Hindu Mother Bhagirathi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151 }}</ref> He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in ], ] and ].<ref name="Schimmel" >{{cite book |first1=Annemarie |last1=Schimmel |title=Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl'' |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1975 |page=143}}</ref> As the first author in the ], he composed his verses in the Persian ''diwan'' style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, ''gazal-i musalsal''.<ref name="Schimmel" /> Muhammad Quli's ''Kulliyat'' comprised 1800 pages, over half were ''gazals'', ''qasidas'' on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of ''matnawi'' and ''marsiyas.''<ref name="Schimmel" /> | ||
| ] in ] was built by Quli Qutub Shah]] | |||
| == |
== Reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb == | ||
| ] | |||
| Muhammad Quli built the city of ] on the southern bank of the ] in 1591. He called architects from all around the world to lay out the city, which was built on a grid plan. He constructed Char Minar. | |||
| ] in ] was built by Quli Qutub Shah]]Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah succeeded his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in the year 1580 at the age of 15 years.<ref name=":0" /> His rule lasted for 31 years, his contemporaries were ], Jagat Guru and ] He faced minor rebellions in eastern and western fronts during the initial years of his rule, he lead the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=K̲h̲ān̲ |first=Masʻūd Ḥusain |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=v4UKJFLZVcEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=muhammad+quli+qutb+shah&ots=lg37vEWINY&sig=OeTZXNoxEOt60-A-Jj72OTkcbJ0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=muhammad%20quli%20qutb%20shah&f=false |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |date=1996 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
| In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent he Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" /> His reign is considered the high point of Qutb Shahi dynasty.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ⚫ | == Patronage of |
||
| == City of Hyderabad == | |||
| From the period of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah there was a high influx in the Golkonda city which lead to congestion and unhygienic condition which created the need of an extension or new city. <ref name=":0" /> Construction of hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of river Musi. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city " Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish"<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| There is a folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the king was coming back from a hut he crossed the bridge across rive Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must be aware of the land and the story is romanticised version.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| The city was planned in a grid-ion manner with ] in the centre and other important palaces and administrative building along the surrounding axis. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years are ], ], ] and several palaces which have been demolished over the years.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city, which came to be known as "Garden City" and same is mentioned in several traveller accounts. Rafi-uddin Shirazi mention in ] that the entire city looked likes a vast garden.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| ⚫ | == Patronage of Art and Literature == | ||
| Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of ], ] and ] languages. He wrote ] in ], Persian, and Telugu. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." He had the distinction of being the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet">{{cite news |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary | title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary |work=] | date=14 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034525/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary }}</ref> and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. | Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of ], ] and ] languages. He wrote ] in ], Persian, and Telugu. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." He had the distinction of being the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet">{{cite news |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary | title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary |work=] | date=14 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034525/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary }}</ref> and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. | ||
| Several notable physicians wrote ] books on ] during the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. These included Mir Momin (''Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi''), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (''Tazkirat-i Kahhalin''), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (''Zubdat-ul Hukama''), ] (''Tibb-i Farid''), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (''Mizan-ul Tabai'''), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (''Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk''), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (''Tazkirat-ul Hukama'').<ref>{{cite book |first1=Syed Ejaz |last1=Hussain |chapter=Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb |editor1-first=Mohit |editor1-last=Saha |editor2-first=Syed Ejaz |editor2-last=Hussain |title=India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach |year=2015 |publisher=Primus |isbn=9789380607627 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDoOswEACAAJ }}</ref> | Several notable physicians wrote ] books on ] during the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. These included Mir Momin (''Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi''), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (''Tazkirat-i Kahhalin''), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (''Zubdat-ul Hukama''), ] (''Tibb-i Farid''), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (''Mizan-ul Tabai'''), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (''Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk''), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (''Tazkirat-ul Hukama'').<ref>{{cite book |first1=Syed Ejaz |last1=Hussain |chapter=Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb |editor1-first=Mohit |editor1-last=Saha |editor2-first=Syed Ejaz |editor2-last=Hussain |title=India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach |year=2015 |publisher=Primus |isbn=9789380607627 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDoOswEACAAJ }}</ref> | ||
| == Notes == | == Notes == | ||
Revision as of 21:07, 4 April 2023
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| Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah | |
|---|---|
| Fifth Sultan of Qutb Shahi dynasty | |
 | |
| 5th Sultan of the Qutb Shahi Sultanate of Golconda | |
| Reign | 1580–1612 |
| Coronation | Unknown |
| Predecessor | Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah |
| Successor | Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah |
| Born | 4 April 1565 Golkonda, Golconda Sultanate (now in Telangana, India) |
| Died | 11 January 1612(1612-01-11) (aged 46) Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, Hyderabad (now in Telangana, India) |
| Spouse | Bhagmati |
| Issue | Hayat Bakshi Begum (wife of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah) |
| House | Qutb Shahi dynasty |
| Father | Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah |
| Mother | Bhagirathi |
| Religion | Shia Islam |
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (4 April 1565 – 11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda and founded the city of Hyderabad, in South-central India and built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.
Birth, early life and personal life
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali and Hindu Mother Bhagirathi. He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in Persian, Telugu and Urdu. As the first author in the Urdu language, he composed his verses in the Persian diwan style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, gazal-i musalsal. Muhammad Quli's Kulliyat comprised 1800 pages, over half were gazals, qasidas on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of matnawi and marsiyas.
Reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah succeeded his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah in the year 1580 at the age of 15 years. His rule lasted for 31 years, his contemporaries were Akbar the Great, Jagat Guru and Ibrahim Adil Shah. He faced minor rebellions in eastern and western fronts during the initial years of his rule, he lead the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.
In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent he Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad. His reign is considered the high point of Qutb Shahi dynasty.
City of Hyderabad
From the period of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah there was a high influx in the Golkonda city which lead to congestion and unhygienic condition which created the need of an extension or new city. Construction of hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of river Musi. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city " Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish"
There is a folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the king was coming back from a hut he crossed the bridge across rive Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must be aware of the land and the story is romanticised version.
The city was planned in a grid-ion manner with charminar in the centre and other important palaces and administrative building along the surrounding axis. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years are Darulshafa, Mecca Masjid, Badshahi Ashurkhana and several palaces which have been demolished over the years.
Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city, which came to be known as "Garden City" and same is mentioned in several traveller accounts. Rafi-uddin Shirazi mention in Tazkiratul Muluk that the entire city looked likes a vast garden.
Patronage of Art and Literature
Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of Arabic, Persian and Telugu languages. He wrote poetry in Urdu, Persian, and Telugu. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." He had the distinction of being the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry.
Several notable physicians wrote Persian language books on Unani medicine during the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah. These included Mir Momin (Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (Tazkirat-i Kahhalin), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (Zubdat-ul Hukama), Abdullah Tabib (Tibb-i Farid), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (Mizan-ul Tabai'), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (Tazkirat-ul Hukama).
Notes
- Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- Pillai, Manu S. (15 November 2018). "Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum". Mint.
- ^ "Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad". INDIAN CULTURE. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- Luther, Narendra (1991). Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123023151.
- ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 143.
- ^ K̲h̲ān̲, Masʻūd Ḥusain (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0233-7.
- "Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary". The Siasat Daily. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.
- Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2015). "Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb". In Saha, Mohit; Hussain, Syed Ejaz (eds.). India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach. Primus. p. 68. ISBN 9789380607627.
References
- Sangaychay Mala by Gajanan Pole
- Prime Ministers of Qutubshhs by Sri Bhopal Rao
- Luther, Narendra (1991). Prince, Poet, Lover, Builder: Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, The Founder of Hyderabad (PDF). Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123023151.
- Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1967). Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah, founder of Haidarabad. Asia Publishing House.
- Books on Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
- Chopra, R.M., The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012.
External links
| Preceded byIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah | Qutb Shahi dynasty 1580-1612 |
Succeeded bySultan Muhammad Qutb Shah |