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| '''Viscosity''' is a property of ] describing its internal resitance to flow and may be thought | |||
| of as fluid friction. If the viscosity of a fluid is constant (neglecting temperature and pressure effects) | |||
| it is said to be a 'newtonian' fluid. Non-newtonian fluids exhibit a variation of viscosity depending on | |||
| ] within the flow field, the history that a fluid 'particle' experiences on its flow | |||
| path, etc. If the viscosity of a fluid solely depends on the gradients within the flow field it is called | |||
| generalized newtonian or purely newtonian. ] is the field of science that deals with | |||
| viscosity. | |||
| '''Viscosity''' is a property of ] describing their internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid ]. ] is the field of ] that deals with viscosity; viscosity is measured with a ]. | |||
| ⚫ | Some viscosities of |
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| If the viscosity of a fluid is constant (neglecting ] and ] effects) it is said to be a ]. ]s exhibit a variation of viscosity depending on ] within the flow field, the history that a fluid 'particle' experiences on its flow path, etc. If the viscosity of a fluid depends solely on the gradients within the flow field it is called generalized Newtonian or purely Newtonian. | |||
| air 0.00001 Pa.s | |||
| The viscosity of fluids is either given as absolute or '''dynamic viscosity''' η (]·] = ]]/]<sup>2</sup> = ]/]]) or as '''kinematic viscosity''' ν (]<sup>2</sup>/]). Both terms are related via the ] ρ to each other: <math>\eta = \nu \cdot \rho</math>. The old smaller ] ] for dynamic viscosity is '']'' after ] (]-]): 1 poise = 100 centipoise = 1 ]/]] = 0.1 Pa·s. The old unit for kinematic viscosity is '']'' (in ] called ''stoke'') after ] (]-]): 1 stokes = 1 ]<sup>2</sup>/] = 0.0001 ]<sup>2</sup>/]. | |||
| water 0.001 Pa.s | |||
| ⚫ | Some dynamic viscosities of Newtonian fluids are listed below: | ||
| oil xxx Pa.s | |||
| ] (at 0 °]): | |||
| glass xxx Pa.s (even glass is a fluid though it is perceived as a solid. Due to its very high viscosity, glass flows very very slowly.) | |||
| :] 8.4 × 10<sup>-6</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 17.4 × 10<sup>-6</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 21.2 × 10<sup>-6</sup> Pa·s | |||
| ] (at 20 °]): | |||
| :] 0.248 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 0.326 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 0.59 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 0.64 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 1.025 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 2.0 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 17.0 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 30 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 81 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 985 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 1485 × 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa·s | |||
| :] 10<sup>7</sup> Pa·s | |||
| Contrary to many assertions, glass is an ], not a liquid, and it does not flow, but still we can talk about its viscosity. See the article on ] for more details on this. | |||
| Many fluids such as ] have a wide range of viscosity. | |||
| ------------- | |||
| '''Viscosity''' is also an out-of-print image and animation editing utility published by ]. It can work with ], ], ], ], ] and its native VSC format. | |||
Revision as of 23:14, 23 May 2003
Viscosity is a property of fluids describing their internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Rheology is the field of science that deals with viscosity; viscosity is measured with a viscometer.
If the viscosity of a fluid is constant (neglecting temperature and pressure effects) it is said to be a Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a variation of viscosity depending on gradients within the flow field, the history that a fluid 'particle' experiences on its flow path, etc. If the viscosity of a fluid depends solely on the gradients within the flow field it is called generalized Newtonian or purely Newtonian.
The viscosity of fluids is either given as absolute or dynamic viscosity η (Pa·s = Ns/m = kg/ms) or as kinematic viscosity ν (m/s). Both terms are related via the fluid density ρ to each other: . The old smaller cgs physical unit for dynamic viscosity is poise after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille (1797-1869): 1 poise = 100 centipoise = 1 g/cms = 0.1 Pa·s. The old unit for kinematic viscosity is stokes (in U.S. called stoke) after George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903): 1 stokes = 1 cm/s = 0.0001 m/s.
. The old smaller Some dynamic viscosities of Newtonian fluids are listed below:
- ethyl alcohol 0.248 × 10 Pa·s
- acetone 0.326 × 10 Pa·s
- methanol 0.59 × 10 Pa·s
- benzene 0.64 × 10 Pa·s
- water 1.025 × 10 Pa·s
- nitrobenzol 2.0 × 10 Pa·s
- mercury 17.0 × 10 Pa·s
- sulfuric acid 30 × 10 Pa·s
- olive oil 81 × 10 Pa·s
- castor oil 985 × 10 Pa·s
- glycerin 1485 × 10 Pa·s
- pitch 10 Pa·s
Contrary to many assertions, glass is an amorphous solid, not a liquid, and it does not flow, but still we can talk about its viscosity. See the article on glass for more details on this.
Many fluids such as honey have a wide range of viscosity.
Viscosity is also an out-of-print image and animation editing utility published by Sonic Foundry. It can work with PNG, GIF, JPG/JPEG, BMP, AVI and its native VSC format.