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Revision as of 06:07, 9 June 2023 editArcticSeeress (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users10,894 edits Replaced primary source. Hid Islamophobia template (temporary; messes with image float). Reduced size of image← Previous edit Revision as of 06:34, 9 June 2023 edit undoPARAKANYAA (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers44,083 edits full nameTags: Reverted possible WP:BLPCRIME issue Visual editNext edit →
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| dfen = Mohammad Rafiq | dfen = Mohammad Rafiq
| motive = ] | motive = ]
| perpetrator = Philip Manshaus | perpetrator = Philip Faafeng Manshaus
| convictions = Act of terror, murder{{efn|The perpetrator was convicted for killing his stepsister prior to the attempted attack.}} | convictions = Act of terror, murder{{efn|The perpetrator was convicted for killing his stepsister prior to the attempted attack.}}
{{Infobox event {{Infobox event
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== Perpetrator == == Perpetrator ==
'''Philip Manshaus''' (born {{Birth date|1997|8|29|df=y}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-11 |title=Philip Manshaus |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/12-95-fact3423980766 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> a 21-year-old Norwegian man,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-mosque-shooting-attack-latest-oslo-injured-al-noor-islamic-centre-gunman-a9051436.html|title=Man arrested as one injured in Norway mosque shooting|last=Stubley|first=Peter|date=August 10, 2019|work=The Independent|access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Klesty |first=Victoria |last2=Karagiannopoulos |first2=Lefteris |date=2019-08-10 |title=Norway mosque shooting suspect appears in court with wounded face |work=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/12/suspect-in-norway-mosque-shooting-not-admitting-guilt-lawyer |access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref> perpetrated the attack. He lived near the area of the shooting.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/man-arrested-in-norway-mosque-attack-expressed-anti-immigrant-views-11565551738|title=Man Arrested in Norway Mosque Attack Expressed Anti-Immigrant Views|last=Pancevski|first=Bojan|website=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> He was indicted for ] and murder.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Libell |first1=Henrik Pryser |title=After Attack on Norway Mosque, Body Found at Home Tied to Assailant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/10/world/europe/norway-mosque-shooting.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 August 2019}}</ref> '''Philip Faafeng Manshaus'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norum |first=Marie Lytomt |last2=Tangen |first2=Erik |date=2019-11-29 |title=En familiekrise rammet fire år gamle Philip Manshaus. 18 år etter er han siktet for drap og terror |trans-title=A family crisis hit four-year-old Philip Manshaus. 18 years later, he is charged with murder and terrorism |url=https://www.budstikka.no/5-55-901713 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Budstikka |language=no}}</ref> (born {{Birth date|1997|8|29|df=y}})<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-11 |title=Philip Manshaus |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/12-95-fact3423980766 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Nettavisen |language=no}}</ref> a 21-year-old Norwegian man,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-mosque-shooting-attack-latest-oslo-injured-al-noor-islamic-centre-gunman-a9051436.html|title=Man arrested as one injured in Norway mosque shooting|last=Stubley|first=Peter|date=August 10, 2019|work=The Independent|access-date=August 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Klesty |first=Victoria |last2=Karagiannopoulos |first2=Lefteris |date=2019-08-10 |title=Norway mosque shooting suspect appears in court with wounded face |work=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/12/suspect-in-norway-mosque-shooting-not-admitting-guilt-lawyer |access-date=2019-08-27}}</ref> perpetrated the attack. He lived near the area of the shooting.<ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/man-arrested-in-norway-mosque-attack-expressed-anti-immigrant-views-11565551738|title=Man Arrested in Norway Mosque Attack Expressed Anti-Immigrant Views|last=Pancevski|first=Bojan|website=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref> He was indicted for ] and murder.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last1=Libell |first1=Henrik Pryser |title=After Attack on Norway Mosque, Body Found at Home Tied to Assailant |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/10/world/europe/norway-mosque-shooting.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 August 2019}}</ref>


His biological mother and grandmother died by suicide when he was four years old.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Klungtveit |first=Harald S. |date=2020-06-11 |title=Tror Manshaus fortsatt er farlig i 2040: Sju viktige punkter fra dommen |trans-title=Manshaus is still dangerous in 2040: Seven important points from the judgment |url=https://filternyheter.no/tror-manshaus-fortsatt-er-farlig-i-2040-sju-viktige-punkter-fra-dommen/ |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Filter Nyheter |language=nb-NO}}</ref> As a teenager, he had a boyfriend<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Hammer |first=Anders |date=2021-06-24 |title=Terroristen Philip Manshaus’ stemor advarer: – Ikke vent med å slå alarm |trans-title=The terrorist Philip Manshaus's stepmother warns: - Don't wait to sound the alarm |url=https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/xl/terroristen-philip-manshaus_-stemor-advarer_-_-ikke-vent-med-a-sla-alarm-1.15538323 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> and had a history of experimenting with drugs.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":19" /> His biological mother and grandmother died by suicide when he was four years old.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Klungtveit |first=Harald S. |date=2020-06-11 |title=Tror Manshaus fortsatt er farlig i 2040: Sju viktige punkter fra dommen |trans-title=Manshaus is still dangerous in 2040: Seven important points from the judgment |url=https://filternyheter.no/tror-manshaus-fortsatt-er-farlig-i-2040-sju-viktige-punkter-fra-dommen/ |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Filter Nyheter |language=nb-NO}}</ref> As a teenager, he had a boyfriend<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Hammer |first=Anders |date=2021-06-24 |title=Terroristen Philip Manshaus’ stemor advarer: – Ikke vent med å slå alarm |trans-title=The terrorist Philip Manshaus's stepmother warns: - Don't wait to sound the alarm |url=https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/xl/terroristen-philip-manshaus_-stemor-advarer_-_-ikke-vent-med-a-sla-alarm-1.15538323 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> and had a history of experimenting with drugs.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":19" />

Revision as of 06:34, 9 June 2023

Attempted terrorist attack in Bærum, Norway

Bærum mosque shooting
Part of Right-wing terrorism in Europe
Al-Noor Islamic Centre in Bærum
Bærum is located in Viken (county)BærumBærumBærum (Viken (county))Show map of Viken (county)Bærum is located in NorwayBærumBærumBærum (Norway)Show map of Norway
LocationAl-Noor Islamic Centre, Bærum, Norway
Coordinates59°55′12″N 10°27′34″E / 59.9200°N 10.4595°E / 59.9200; 10.4595
Date10 August 2019
approx. 16:00 (CEST UTC+02:00)
TargetMuslims
Attack typeVandalism, hate crime, right-wing terrorism
Weapons
Deaths1 (before the shooting)
Injured2 (Rafiq and the perpetrator)
PerpetratorPhilip Faafeng Manshaus
DefenderMohammad Rafiq
MotiveIslamophobia
ConvictionsAct of terror, murder
Sentence21 years' preventive detention

The Bærum mosque shooting or Al-Noor Islamic Centre shooting occurred on 10 August 2019 at the Al-Noor Islamic Centre mosque in Bærum, Norway, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the capital city Oslo.

Philip Manshaus, a 21-year-old Norwegian man, shot and killed his adopted stepsister at their home. He then drove to the mosque and shot his way through the glass door before opening fire, hitting no one. He was subdued by three worshippers after a scuffle and turned over to police. He was convicted of murder and committing an act of terrorism, and sentenced to 21 years preventative detention.

Shooting

A broken glass door.
The door to the mosque

Before going to the mosque, he killed his younger stepsister while she was in her bed, firing three bullets into her head and one into her chest. The gunman was wearing a uniform and helmet when he entered the mosque, shooting his way through the locked door. Manshaus attempted to livestream the shooting on Facebook using a GoPro camera attached to his helmet, but failed. He was carrying two rifles and a shotgun. He opened fire in the mosque, hitting no one.

Prayers had just ended, with only three elders remaining in the mosque. One of the men approached the gunman and pinned him down, moving his weapons away. The two began to struggle, and the gunman poked the man in the left eye. Another of the men in the room then hit the gunman on the head to subdue him. The police were called at 16:07 local time. The gunman was in a chokehold when police arrived at the mosque.

Perpetrator

Philip Faafeng Manshaus (born (1997-08-29)29 August 1997) a 21-year-old Norwegian man, perpetrated the attack. He lived near the area of the shooting. He was indicted for terrorism and murder.

His biological mother and grandmother died by suicide when he was four years old. As a teenager, he had a boyfriend and had a history of experimenting with drugs.

The police have stated that Manshaus refused to speak to them, and that he was already known to law enforcement but did not have a criminal background. The national broadcaster NRK spoke with some of his neighbors. One described him as ordinary, saying he had helped her with household tasks before, though another claimed he had not been very happy when he was young, with several neighbors also suggesting that a family bereavement a few years earlier had severely impacted him, and that in the last year he had turned increasingly to religion and extremism.

Norwegian police stated the day after the arrest that they were planning to give the perpetrator a mental health assessment. In the official questioning session, Manshaus declared that his goal was to intimidate Muslims in Norway. In the weeks before the attack, Manshaus had tried to join the neo-Nazi Nordic Resistance Movement, but for various reasons he never got beyond the first of two planned initiation interviews.

Messages Manshaus to the imageboard EndChan

Shortly before the shooting, Manshaus posted on an imageboard called EndChan. His retrieved messages included telling people that "it's my time, i was elected by saint tarrant" [sic], asking those he was messaging to "bump the Race War thread irl", and stating that "Valhalla awaits". Several intermediary messages had been removed. The messages were seen as praising Brenton Tarrant, the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings in March 2019, and referred to him as "saint tarrant". The Christchurch shootings were partially inspired by the 22/7 attacks that happened in Norway in 2011.

The user also posted a meme depicting Tarrant, Patrick Crusius, and John T. Earnest as "chads". All three perpetrated racially and/or religiously motivated gun murders in 2019, including Crusius' attack on a Walmart in El Paso, Texas only a week earlier. Manshaus' posts also featured him describing himself as the "third disciple"; internet extremism researchers connected this with the rhetoric of Tarrant, suggesting the other 'disciples' were Earnest and Crusius. Online, Manshaus also praised Vidkun Quisling, who headed a domestic Nazi collaborationist regime during World War II, and expressed far-right, anti-immigration views.

Victims

Manshaus' 17-year-old stepsister was found dead in their family home by police. She was born in Jiangxi, China, and adopted at 2 years old by Manshaus' stepmother. Manshaus was charged with her murder.

The injured man was 65-year-old Mohammad Rafiq. During the scuffle with the perpetrator, Rafiq overpowered and disarmed him before he could attack anyone else in the mosque. He received minor injuries while the perpetrator tried to break free from a chokehold, including an attempt to gouge out Rafiq's left eye. Rafiq is a Pakistani retired Air Force officer who had been living in Norway for two and a half years and was a frequent visitor to Al-Noor Islamic Center in Bærum.

Investigation and criminal proceedings

The Norwegian Police Security Service said that they received a tip about Manshaus approximately one year prior to the attack. After coordinating with the local police department, Oslo Police District, they found that the tip was vague and showed no signs of imminent terror planning activities. The tip was not followed up on. Norwegian police reported that they spoke with Manshaus prior to the shooting due to his online behavior.

On 12 August 2019, in a court hearing in Oslo District Court, Manshaus was put in pre-trial jail for four weeks with no visitation, mail or media access. Manshaus declared himself not guilty and called to be released.

Arrest and charges

Manshaus appeared in court two days after the shooting, with his face and neck marked by bruises and scratches. Norwegian prosecutors formally charged Manshaus with murder and terror on 17 February 2020. He later appeared in court on 7 May 2020, where he denied the charges.

Manshaus was found guilty of murder and terrorism on 11 June 2020. He was sentenced to 21 years in prison, with a minimum term of 14 years, along with a provision that he should be imprisoned indefinitely if determined to be a threat to society. Manshaus stated he would not appeal the charges, as he refused to recognize the legitimacy of the Norwegian courts.

In 2023, Manshaus's lawyer asked for the criminal case to be reopened, citing new evidence that he had been admitted to a psychiatric ward with symptoms of psychosis, which, in her view, raised significant doubt as to whether he had been sane when he committed the shooting.

Communication issues

It was reported that when the members of the mosque called the police, the incident was initially classified as low-priority and the police would not respond; the men struggled to convey the situation to the operator due to poor Norwegian language skills.

There were also claims that a user of an online forum had tried to notify the Norwegian police three times that he suspected an attack would happen, but that local police told him to call the FBI. Police say they are aware of this allegation, but that they are not aware of any such call.

Response

Authorities reported that security in Norway would be increased after the attack, as it occurred during the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Adha, with the Prime Minister raising the national security the following day. The Al-Noor Islamic Centre had already added extra security after the Christchurch mosque shootings. According to local Norwegian media, the mosque said that security would be improved again.

EndChan deleted the thread that Manshaus created, and had its primary web domain taken offline following the attack.

The Prime Minister, Erna Solberg, condemned the attack. Solberg and Abid Raja, a Liberal Norwegian politician, spoke together on the day of the attack, assuring the public that places of worship should be safe and calling for plans to break down Islamophobia in the country. Another reaction to the incident was a speech given by Siv Jensen, the leader of the right-wing Progress Party, who also referred to Rafiq as a hero. The day after the attack, on the Eid al-Adha celebration day, Solberg and other important figures, as well as the men from the mosque, attended a ceremony in solidarity held in Sandvika.

As news of the shooting spread in the media, so did the actions of Rafiq and the other man in the mosque, which a Danish newspaper described as "courageous"; several media outlets described Rafiq as a "hero".

A Norwegian philanthropist, Elisabeth Norheim, started a fundraising campaign on a Norwegian crowdfunding website. to help raise money so Rafiq and the other man who helped subdue the attack could undertake the hajj. After the initial goal of 55,000 NOK (~ 6100 USD) for the cost of the two to travel was surpassed, with more than 180,000 NOK (~20,000 USD) raised in one day, the organizers said they could also fund the hajj for the third man in the mosque during the attack. The fund raised was later passed the adjusted goal of 230,000 NOK (~25,000 USD).

On 15 August 2019, a ceremony was held at the Sandvika Police House to praise Rafiq and the other man for their actions. It was hosted by Beate Gangås, the Oslo Police Commander-in-Chief, and Lisbeth Hammer Krogh, the mayor of Bærum.

See also

Notes

  1. The perpetrator was convicted for killing his stepsister prior to the attempted attack.

References

  1. Cole, Brendan (7 October 2019). "Man accused of attempting mosque attack and killing step-sister repeats Nazi salute in court". Newsweek.
  2. Skille, Øyvind Bye (21 August 2019). "Philip Manshaus hadde med tre våpen under terrorangrepet". NRK.
  3. "Moskéangrepet i Bærum - Philip Manshaus varetektsfengsles i fire uker". dagbladet.no. 12 August 2019.
  4. "Faren til Manshaus må i retten: Nekter å la politiet inndra terrorvåpnene". tv2.no. 12 May 2020.
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  7. Becker, Mia; Elster, Kristian; Ali, Intisaar; Strand, Tormod (10 August 2019). "Norsk borger med norsk bakgrunn pågrepet etter meldinger om skudd avfyrt ved moske i Bærum" [Norwegian citizen with Norwegian background arrested after reports of shots fired at mosque in Bærum]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 8 June 2023.
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  24. ^ Hammer, Anders (24 June 2021). "Terroristen Philip Manshaus' stemor advarer: – Ikke vent med å slå alarm" [The terrorist Philip Manshaus's stepmother warns: - Don't wait to sound the alarm]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
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