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== Composition == == Composition ==
''Fyappin'' society consisted of following fortified villages ('']s''), tribal organisations ('']s'') and surnames (''nyaqhash''/''vyarash''):{{efn|The information in the table is based on several archive documents such as: "List of populated locations of the ''Voeynno-Ossetinskiy Okrug''" (1859),{{sfn|Сборник документов и материалов|2020|pp=486–487 (]. Ф. 13454. ОП. 15. Д. 202. Л. 101—111)}} "List of residents of the '']'' of the '']'', with testimony against everyone who, how many have their own arable hay days of land" (1864){{sfn|Сборник документов и материалов|2020|pp=596–604 (ЦГА РСО-А. Ф. 262. Оп. 1. Д. 77. Л. 76 об—92 об.)}} and "List of mountain villages of the ] and ] '']s''" (1869).{{sfn|Сборникъ статистическихъ свѣдѣній о Кавказѣ|1869|p=44}} The orthography of the ]s and ''nyaqhash''/''vyarash'' was mainly based on the work "Onomasticon of Ingushetia",{{sfn|Ономастикон Ингушетии|2021|pp=16–33}} while the information regarding what ]s they inhabit/inhabited is mainly based on the information of {{ill|Zaurbek Malsagov|ru|Мальсагоа, Заурбек Куразович}}{{sfn|Мальсагов|1963|pp=142–150}} and Shukri Dakhilgov.{{sfn|Дахкильгов|1991}} ] is included based on the information of A. K. Vilyams{{sfn|Вильямс|1928|p=101}} and {{ill|A. N. Genko|ru|Генко, Анатолий Несторович}}.{{sfn|Генко|1930|p=697}}}}
The following villages belonged to the Dzherakh society: ], Pkhamat, ], Tamariani, Ezmi.{{sfn|Сборник документов и материалов|2020|pp=485—486}} From these villages came the ancient teip of Dzheyrakh, which included patronymics, which later became independent princely teips:
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|- style="background: #3A8F3C; text-align: center"
| <small><span style="color:#FFFFFF">'''Auls'''</span></small>
| <small><span style="color:#FFFFFF">'''Teips'''<br> and ''nyaqhash''/''vyarash''</span></small>
|-
| '''Angenty''' (''Анготӏе'') ||
|-
|}


* Akhrievs{{sfn|Дахкильгов|1991|page=20}} * Akhrievs{{sfn|Дахкильгов|1991|page=20}}

Revision as of 14:41, 16 July 2023

Ingush society Not to be confused with Dzheyrakh, a rural locality in Ingushetia.

Dzherakh, also spelled Jerakh (Template:Lang-inh), exonym: Erokhan people, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, that was formed in the Dzheyrakhin gorge, as well as in the area of the lower reaches of the Armkhi River and the upper reaches of the Terek River.

History

The first mention of Dzherakh was in 16th century, in Russian documents as Erokhan people. The Dzherakhs were also mentioned by Georgian prince, historian and geographer, Vakhushti Bagrationi in 1745.

The first contact of Dzherakh with Russian was in 1833, during the punitive expedition on Mountainous Ingushetia, done by General Abkhazov.

Were known for their raids during the Caucasian War, together with Kists (Fyappiy) and Tagaurs.

Composition

Fyappin society consisted of following fortified villages (auls), tribal organisations (teips) and surnames (nyaqhash/vyarash):

Auls Teips
and nyaqhash/vyarash
Angenty (Анготӏе)
  • Akhrievs
  • Borovs
  • Lyanovs
  • Khamatkhanovs
  • Tsurovs

Notes

  1. Dzherakh were mentioned as an Ingush society by "Overview of the political state of the Caucasus in 1840", "Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire, 1851", Bulletin of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, Volkonsky, Maksimov, Vertepov, Pantyukhov, Kovalevsky, Milyutin, Martirosian, Soviet Ethnography, Geiger, Halasi-Kun, Kuipers, Menges, Krupnov, Volkova, G. Anchabadze, V. A. Kuznetsov and Pavlova.
  2. The information in the table is based on several archive documents such as: "List of populated locations of the Voeynno-Ossetinskiy Okrug" (1859), "List of residents of the Gorsky Uchastok of the Ingushskiy Okrug, with testimony against everyone who, how many have their own arable hay days of land" (1864) and "List of mountain villages of the Kuban and Terek Oblasts" (1869). The orthography of the teips and nyaqhash/vyarash was mainly based on the work "Onomasticon of Ingushetia", while the information regarding what auls they inhabit/inhabited is mainly based on the information of Zaurbek Malsagov [ru] and Shukri Dakhilgov. Gveleti is included based on the information of A. K. Vilyams and A. N. Genko [ru].

References

  1. Чеченско-ингушско-русский словарь 1962, p. 74.
  2. Сулейманов 1978, p. 7.
  3. ^ Кушева 1963, pp. 62, 64, 66.
  4. Обзор политического состояния Кавказа 1840 года // ЦГВИА Ф. ВУА, Д.6164, Ч.93, лл. 1-23.

    "V. Племя ингуш: 1) Назрановцы, 2) Галаши, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Галгаи, 5) Кистины или Кисты Ближние, 6) Джерахи, 7) Цори, 8) Дальние Кисты"

  5. Кавказский край // Военно-статистическое обозрение Российской империи 1851, p. 137:

    "Къ племени Ингушей, занимающих плоскость и котловины Кавказских горъ съ правой стороны Терека до верхних частей Аргуна и до теченія Фартанги, принадлежатъ: 1) Назрановцы с Комбулейскимъ обществомъ, 2) Джераховцы, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Цоринцы, 5) Ближніе Кистинцы с небольшимъ обществомъ Малхинцевъ вновь покорившимся, 6) Галгай, 7) Галашевцы, 8) дальніе Кисты…"

  6. Кавказскій отдѣл Императорскаго русскаго географическаго общества (1885). "Извѣстія Кавказскаго отдѣла Императорскаго русскаго географическаго общества" [Bulletin of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society] (in Russian). 9 (1). Тифлисъ: Отдѣл: 102. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. Волконский 1886, p. 54:

    "Ингушевское племя состояло из следующих обществ: кистинского, джераховского, назрановского, карабулакского (впоследствии назвавшегося галашевским), галгаевского, цоринского, акинского и мереджинского; все эти общества вместе имели свыше тридцати тысяч душ."

  8. Максимов & Вертепов 1892, p. 75.
  9. Пантюхов 1901, p. 2.
  10. Ковалевский 1914, p. 150:

    "Ингуши длятся на пять обществъ: джираховцы, кистины, галгаевцы, назрановцы и галашевцы"

  11. Милютин 1919, p. 277.
  12. Мартиросиан 1928, p. 11.
  13. Академия Наук СССР (1936). Советская Этнография [Soviet Ethnography] (in Russian). Ленинград: Издательство Академии Наук СССР. p. 8.
  14. Geiger et al. 1959, p. 20.
  15. Крупнов 1971, p. 36.
  16. Волкова 1973, p. 151.
  17. Anchabadze 2001, p. 29.
  18. Кузнецов 2004, p. 41.
  19. Павлова 2012, p. 34.
  20. Багратиони 1904, p. 151.
  21. Кушева 1963, p. 67.
  22. Долгиева et al. 2013, p. 21.
  23. Щербатов 1891, p. 272.
  24. Сборник документов и материалов 2020, pp. 486–487 (РГВИА. Ф. 13454. ОП. 15. Д. 202. Л. 101—111).
  25. Сборник документов и материалов 2020, pp. 596–604 (ЦГА РСО-А. Ф. 262. Оп. 1. Д. 77. Л. 76 об—92 об.).
  26. Сборникъ статистическихъ свѣдѣній о Кавказѣ 1869, p. 44. sfn error: no target: CITEREFСборникъ_статистическихъ_свѣдѣній_о_Кавказѣ1869 (help)
  27. Ономастикон Ингушетии 2021, pp. 16–33. sfn error: no target: CITEREFОномастикон_Ингушетии2021 (help)
  28. Мальсагов 1963, pp. 142–150. sfn error: no target: CITEREFМальсагов1963 (help)
  29. Дахкильгов 1991.
  30. Вильямс 1928, p. 101. sfn error: no target: CITEREFВильямс1928 (help)
  31. Генко 1930, p. 697. sfn error: no target: CITEREFГенко1930 (help)
  32. Дахкильгов 1991, p. 20.
  33. Дахкильгов 1991, pp. 31–32.
  34. Дахкильгов 1991, p. 63.
  35. Дахкильгов 1991, p. 87.
  36. Дахкильгов 1991, pp. 99–100.

Bibliography

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