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| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| Born as an ethnic Ingush{{sfn|Халилов|Идрисов|1998|p=82}} under the name '''Musost''' (possibly in honor of his grandfather Musost Akhriev) on {{OldStyleDate|30 September|1904|17 September}} in ], ] to a family of Gabert Akhriev, a colonel of ] who also beared the title of a '{{ill|military foreman|ru|Войсковой старшина}}'. Nureddin's mother was Zabi Kurieva, who died when he was just over 3 years old.{{sfn|Мальсагов}} Like his father, Nureddin's grandfather Temurko Akhriev was also a colonel of Russian Cavalry.{{sfn|Мальсагов}} He died in 1878 in the ] city of ]{{sfn|Мальсагов}} during the ].{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}} Nureddin was the cousin of ], aviator of the ].{{sfn|Дзарахова|2023}} | Born as an ethnic Ingush{{sfn|Халилов|Идрисов|1998|p=82}}{{sfn|Васильков|Сорокин|2003}} under the name '''Musost''' (possibly in honor of his grandfather Musost Akhriev) on {{OldStyleDate|30 September|1904|17 September}} in ], ] to a family of Gabert Akhriev, a colonel of ] who also beared the title of a '{{ill|military foreman|ru|Войсковой старшина}}'. Nureddin's mother was Zabi Kurieva, who died when he was just over 3 years old.{{sfn|Мальсагов}} Like his father, Nureddin's grandfather Temurko Akhriev was also a colonel of Russian Cavalry.{{sfn|Мальсагов}} He died in 1878 in the ] city of ]{{sfn|Мальсагов}} during the ].{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}} Nureddin was the cousin of ], aviator of the ].{{sfn|Дзарахова|2023}} | ||
| During the outbreak of the ] in 1918, Nureddin's father Gabert sided with the ] and voluntarily joined it, thus subsequently fighting in the ].{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}} Later, after the end of the war, he became a teacher in {{ill|Novy Dzheyrakh|ru|Камбилеевское}}. There he worked up until his death in 1933.{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}}{{sfn|Мальсагов}} | During the outbreak of the ] in 1918, Nureddin's father Gabert sided with the ] and voluntarily joined it, thus subsequently fighting in the ].{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}} Later, after the end of the war, he became a teacher in {{ill|Novy Dzheyrakh|ru|Камбилеевское}}. There he worked up until his death in 1933.{{sfn|Оздоева|2018}}{{sfn|Мальсагов}} | ||
Revision as of 11:59, 2 September 2023
Ingush scientist In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Gabertovich and the family name is Akhriev.| Nureddin Akhriev | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Musost (1904-09-30)September 30, 1904 Vladikavkaz, Vladikavkazsky okrug, Terek Oblast, Russian Empire |
| Died | October 14, 1987(1987-10-14) (aged 83) Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Furtoug, Ingushetia, Russia |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Rashid-bek Akhriev (cousin) |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Soviet Union |
| Service | Soviet Army |
| Years of service | 1940–1945 |
| Rank | Commander |
Nureddin Gabertovich Akhriev (Template:Lang-ru; Template:Lang-inh; 30 September [O.S. 17 September] 1904 – 14 October 1987) was an Ingush philologist, arabist, translator, historian, encyclopedist, orientalist and caucasologist, who also used to teach at the Moscow State University for 40 years.
Background
Born as an ethnic Ingush under the name Musost (possibly in honor of his grandfather Musost Akhriev) on 30 September [O.S. 17 September] 1904 in Vladikavkaz, Vladikavkazsky okrug to a family of Gabert Akhriev, a colonel of Russian cavalry who also beared the title of a 'military foreman [ru]'. Nureddin's mother was Zabi Kurieva, who died when he was just over 3 years old. Like his father, Nureddin's grandfather Temurko Akhriev was also a colonel of Russian Cavalry. He died in 1878 in the Bulgarian city of Pleven during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Nureddin was the cousin of Rashid-bek Akhriev, aviator of the Soviet Air Forces.
During the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1918, Nureddin's father Gabert sided with the Red Army and voluntarily joined it, thus subsequently fighting in the Russian Civil War. Later, after the end of the war, he became a teacher in Novy Dzheyrakh [ru]. There he worked up until his death in 1933.
Early Years
Nureddin first studied a at the Vladikavkaz Cadet Corps, but soon after the Russian Revolution, it was closed, therefore he began attending the 2nd practical school of Vladikavkaz.
During the Russian Civil War Nureddin Akhriev participated on the side of Bolsheviks and fought against the Whites. In his autobiography, he even wrote that he was a liaison of Sergei Kirov and Sergo Ordzhonikidze.
After the end of the war, Nureddin studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Gorsky Institute of Public Education in Vladikavkaz, from which he graduated in 1926. He also became a member of the CPSU in the same year and worked as a mathematics teacher in Vladikavkaz.
Nureddin later became a member of Ingush Literature Society and then an assistant platoon commander of the Vladikavkaz battalion of special forces. In 1927 he was moved to Rostov-on-Don, so he began working at the North Caucasian Regional Gorsky Research Institute as a researcher, while at the North Caucasian National Publishing House he helped produce textbooks for Ingush and Chechen schools.
In 1928, due to his appointment as the Executive Secretary of the Permanent Mission of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast under the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee he moved to Moscow. For a short period, he held this office until in the same year, he became a teacher at the Far East University, where he worked until 1937. This study ended when due to another business trip, he moved to the Arabist department of the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, carried out according to a special recruitment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
In 1940, he graduated with honors from this institute, and was awarded by the decision of the State Examination Commission the qualification of a referent-translator for Arab countries. As noted by the commission, Nureddin Akhriev had an excellent knowledge of Arabic, French and English languages. He was preparing an dissertation on the topic of "Crusades on the development of military affairs in Europe", when all of sudden, he was drafted to Soviet Army, which prevented him from doing so. He was rectruited as a career officer and worked at the headquarters of the Transcaucasian Military District. According to family traditions, he also participated in the Winter War, though there's no documentary evidence of his participation.
World War II
During the World War II, Nureddin participated on the Transcaucasian, Crimean and 4th Ukrainian fronts, leading the 7th department of the political administration of the Transcaucasian Military District and the Transcaucasus Front, later successively commander of the division of cadets. In the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School, he was a senior teacher as the deputy commander of the 16th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division.
In the period of 1941 to 1942, Nureddin often was in Iran due to his military missions. In 1943, he was part of a Soviet working group that prepared the Tehran Conference. During his visit of Iran, he even wrote a short enquiry named "Brief historical information about Azerbaijan" (Template:Lang-ru) describing the Iranian Azerbaijan, its borders, history, as well as an assessment of its current state.
Arrest
After the end of the war in 1945, Nureddin resumed teaching Arabic at the Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the USSR in Moscow. At the same time he was teaching at the philological and historical faculties of Moscow State University.
On 30 March 1951, the Ministry of State Security filed a case against him, and on August 22, Nureddin was sentenced to eight years in prison under the article 58-10 of RSFSR, subsequently removed from the Communist Party. The reason for the arrest was Nureddin's public statements about the illegality and erroneousness of the deportation of the Chechens and Ingush and the liquidation of their autonomy in 1944. During his arrest, part of his personal library was confiscated by the NKVD employees.
Later years
On 10 January 1955 he was released as his sentence was canceled and the criminal case dismissed by a decree of the Procurator General of the Soviet Union. Nureddin was reinstated in the Communist Party. After his release, Nureddin continued teaching Arabic at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University and lectured at the Higher Diplomatic School of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Military Academy.
Death
On 14 October 1987, Nureddin passed away at the age of 83 in Moscow. He was buried in the ancestral village of his family, Furtoug.
Works
Small works
- Ахриев, Н. Г. (1943). Краткая историческая справка об Азербайджане [Brief historical information about Azerbaijan] (in Russian).
Main works
- Ахриев, Н. Г. (1957). "О некоторых вопросах движения кавказских горцев в первой половине XIX в." [On some issues of the movement of the Caucasian highlanders in the first half of the 19th century]. In Даниялов, Г. Д.; et al. (eds.). Ученые записи [Scholars records] (PDF) (in Russian). Vol. 2. Махачкала: ИИЯЛ ДагФАН СССР. pp. 52–64.
- Ахриев, Н. Г. (1975). "Исконные имена чеченцев и ингушей" [Original names of Chechens and Ingush]. Сборник статей и материалов по вопросам нахского языкознания. Известия ЧИНИИИЯЛ [Collection of articles and materials on questions of Nakh linguistics. Izvestia CHIIIIYAL] (in Russian). Vol. 10. Грозный: Чеч.-Инг. кн. изд-во. pp. 199–212.
Unpublished works
- Ахриев, Н. Г. (1940). Влияние Крестовых походов на развитие военного дела в Европе [The influence of the Crusades on the development of military affairs in Europe] (in Russian).
- Ахриев, Н. Г. Арабская ономастика у народов Северного Кавказа [Arabic onomastics among the peoples of the North Caucasus] (in Russian).
Redactions
- Абдуллаев, М. А. (1968). Ахриев, Н. Г. (ed.). Из истории философской и общественно-политической мысли народов Дагестана в XIX в. [From the history of philosophical and socio-political thought of the peoples of Dagestan in the 19th century] (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 1–336.
Notes
- O.S. 17 September 1904.
- Also spelled Nurdin Gebertovich Akhriev (Template:Lang-ru) and Nureddin Goberdovich Akhriev (Template:Lang-ru).
- Since 1956, the "Institute of Asian and African Countries".
References
- ^ Дзарахова 2023.
- Неизвестный автор 1964, p. 152.
- Халилов & Идрисов 1998, p. 82.
- Васильков & Сорокин 2003. sfn error: no target: CITEREFВасильковСорокин2003 (help)
- ^ Мальсагов.
- ^ Оздоева 2018.
Bibliography
Russian sources
- Васильков, Я. В.; Сорокина, М. Ю. (2003). "АХРИЕВ (Ингушский) Нурэддин (Нур-Эддин-бей) Габертович" [Akhriev (Ingush) Nurēddin (Nur-Ēddin-Bey) Gabertovich]. Люди и судьбы. Биобиблиографический словарь востоковедов — жертв политического террора в советский период (1917—1991) [People and destinies. Bio-Bibliographic Dictionary of Orientalists – Victims of Political Terror in the Soviet Period (1917–1991)] (in Russian). СПб.: Петербургское востоковедение.
- Газдиев, А. (2021-06-10). "О, сколько нам открытий чудных" [Oh, how many wonderful discoveries we have]. Сердало (in Russian). Изд-во Сердало.
- Дзарахова, З. (2023-01-13). "К 130-летию со дня рождения: Рашид-Бек Ахриев в истории российской авиации" [To the 130th anniversary of his birth: Rashid-Bek Akhriev in the history of Russian aviation]. Ингушетия (in Russian). ГАУ редакция газеты "Ингушетия".
- Халилов, А. М.; Идрисов, М. М. (1998). Шамиль в истории Северного Кавказа и народной памяти [Shamil in the history of the North Caucasus and people's memory] (in Russian). pp. 1–.
- Харсиева, Л. (2022-05-08). "Они сражались за Родину: Учителя Ингушетии на фронтах Великой Отечественной войны" [They fought for their Motherland: Teachers of Ingushetia on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War]. Ингушетия (in Russian). ГАУ редакция газеты "Ингушетия".
- Крупнов, Е. И. (1971). Средневековая Ингушетия [Medieval Ingushetia] (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 1–211.
- Мальсагов, А. Под знаком большого террор [Under the sign of great terror] (in Russian).
- Оздоева, М. (2018-07-23). "Быть нужным своему народу: Нуреддин Ахриев — человек своей эпохи" [To be needed by your people: Nureddin Akhriev is the man of his era]. Ингушетия (in Russian). ГАУ редакция газеты "Ингушетия".
- Сердало (2021-06-21). "Сильные духом: Интеллигенция Ингушетии в годы Великой Отечественной войны" [Strong in Spirit: The Intelligentsia of Ingushetia during the Great Patriotic War]. Сердало (in Russian). Изд-во Сердало.
- "Неизвестный автор (друг Н.И. Штанько) — Д.Д. Мальсагову" [Unknown author (friend of N.I. Shtanko) to D.D. Malsagov]. Дошлуко Дохович Мальсагов: день за днем. Из эпистолярного наследия [Doshluko Dokhovich Malsagov: day by day. From the epistolary heritage] (PDF) (in Russian). СПб.: МАЭ РАН. 2018 . pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-5-88431-354-5.