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'''Chakh Elmurzievich Akhriev'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Чах Эльмурзиевич Ахриев}}, {{lang-inh|Оахаранаькъан Элмарзий ЧхьагӀа|Oakharanäqhan Ēlmarziy Chh'agha}}.}} ({{OldStyleDate|22 May|1850|10 May}} – {{OldStyleDate|12 May|1914|29 April}}) was the first ] ethnographer and also a lawyer by education. Chakh dedicated his scholarly work to recording Ingush folklore, ], and culture as a whole. '''Chakh Elmurzievich Akhriev'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Чах Эльмурзиевич Ахриев}}, {{lang-inh|Оахаранаькъан Элмарзий ЧхьагӀа|Oakharanäqhan Ēlmarziy Chh'agha}}.}} ({{OldStyleDate|22 May|1850|10 May}} – {{OldStyleDate|12 May|1914|29 April}}) was the first ] ethnographer and also a lawyer by education. Chakh dedicated his scholarly work to recording Ingush folklore, ], and culture as a whole.


== Biography == == Background ==
⚫ Chakh was born on May 10, 1850, in the village of ], '']'' of the ]. Chakh's father was Elmurza Akhriev, the headman of the ] ], while his mother was Dzali Ozieva.{{sfn|Albogachieva|2022}} Chakh himself was an ethnic ]{{efn|{{harvnb|Известія Кавказскаго отдѣла Императорскаго Русскаго географическаго общества|1900|page=124}}; {{harvnb|Ковалевскій|1914|page=150}}; {{harvnb|Baddeley|1940|page=205}}; {{harvnb|Великая|Виноградов|1989|page=40}}}} of the Akhriev family, which in turn was part of the ] clan ('']'').{{sfn|Дахкильгов|1991|page=20}} In the family he had four older sisters; his cousin was ] (1853 – 1933), a prominent Ingush researcher and revolutionary.{{sfn|''Ocherki istorii Checheno-Ingushskoy ASSR''|1967|p=297}}{{sfn|Dzarakhova|2020}}
⚫ === Childhood ===
⚫ Chakh was born on May 10, 1850, in the village of ], ] of the ], in the family of Elmurza Akhriev, who at the time, was the headman of the ] ].{{sfn|Albogachieva|2022}} Chakh's mom was from the family of Ozievs. He himself was an ethnic ]{{efn|{{harvnb|Известія Кавказскаго отдѣла Императорскаго Русскаго географическаго общества|1900|page=124}}; {{harvnb|Ковалевскій|1914|page=150}}; {{harvnb|Baddeley|1940|page=205}}; {{harvnb|Великая|Виноградов|1989|page=40}}}} from the Akhriev family, which in turn was part of the ] clan ('']'').{{sfn|Дахкильгов|1991|page=20}} In the family he had four older sisters.{{sfn|Dzarakhova|2020}}


⚫ == Childhood ==
From 1850 to 1860, the last period of the ], came to an end in the region. During one of the military operations to "pacify" individual centers of resistance, 7-year-old Chakh Akhriev, along with other Ingush boys, was captured by a detachment of Russian troops and ended up in amanats (mountaineers-hostages, who, by their stay among the Russians, guaranteed loyalty to Russia). He was brought to the ], where he was sent to a military cantonist school (1857-1862). Thanks to the assistance of his uncle Temurko Akhriev, an officer in the ], his position in Vladikavkaz was somewhat better than other hostage children, he was respected by the Russian authorities and had more freedom. He was adopted by the family of a Russian colonel who had no children of his own.<ref name=":1" /> From 1850 to 1860, the last period of the ], came to an end in the region. During one of the military operations to "pacify" individual centers of resistance, 7-year-old Chakh Akhriev, along with other Ingush boys, was captured by a detachment of Russian troops and ended up in amanats (mountaineers-hostages, who, by their stay among the Russians, guaranteed loyalty to Russia). He was brought to the ], where he was sent to a military cantonist school (1857-1862). Thanks to the assistance of his uncle Temurko Akhriev, an officer in the ], his position in Vladikavkaz was somewhat better than other hostage children, he was respected by the Russian authorities and had more freedom. He was adopted by the family of a Russian colonel who had no children of his own.<ref name=":1" />


From 1862 to 1868, Chakh studied at the Stavropol gymnasium, within the walls of which a significant part of the ] intelligentsia began their creative and scientific career. Many people from the Caucasus graduated from it, including the Ingush - S. Akhriev, A. Bazorkin, A.G. Dolgiev, I. Bekbuzarov, P. Dakhkilgov, K. Malsagov and others. During the 1860s to the 1870s, the historical and ethnographic study of the North Caucasus and Caucasian studies were encouraged in the Russian Empire, branches of All-Russian scientific societies were opened. During these years, fundamental studies of scientists A.P. Berger, P.G. Butkov, N.F. Dubrovin, D. Ya. Lavrov and others began to be published. Chakh Akhriev plunged into the world of Russian culture and was among the leading people of his time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Чах Ахриев и этнография ингушей (к 160-летию со дня рождения) |url=http://gazeta-serdalo.ru/index.php?option=com_content |newspaper=Gazeta Serdalo}}{{dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> From 1862 to 1868, Chakh studied at the Stavropol gymnasium, within the walls of which a significant part of the ] intelligentsia began their creative and scientific career. Many people from the Caucasus graduated from it, including the Ingush - S. Akhriev, A. Bazorkin, A.G. Dolgiev, I. Bekbuzarov, P. Dakhkilgov, K. Malsagov and others. During the 1860s to the 1870s, the historical and ethnographic study of the North Caucasus and Caucasian studies were encouraged in the Russian Empire, branches of All-Russian scientific societies were opened. During these years, fundamental studies of scientists A.P. Berger, P.G. Butkov, N.F. Dubrovin, D. Ya. Lavrov and others began to be published. Chakh Akhriev plunged into the world of Russian culture and was among the leading people of his time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Чах Ахриев и этнография ингушей (к 160-летию со дня рождения) |url=http://gazeta-serdalo.ru/index.php?option=com_content |newspaper=Gazeta Serdalo}}{{dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref>


===Early collecting period=== == Early collecting period ==
After graduating from high school, due to illness he spent two years at home (1868-1870). During this period, he was engaged in the collection of folklore and ethnographic materials, which marked the beginning of his literary activity. Published in 1871–1873 in the "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders" (Tiflis) and the newspaper "Terskie vedomosti" (Vladikavkaz). He managed to visit various districts of the Terek Oblast, in particular, the Assinsky gorge and the Nazran district. His works, mainly of an ethnographic nature, present the testimonies of the elders of the mountain villages of Ingushetia, who not only personally witnessed the events and ceremonies of the Ingush culture of the 18th century, but also remembered stories about the life of their ancestors in the 17th century. Their words were used to describe the way of life, myths, legends, rituals, ancient religious cults, customary law, rituals, holidays and national legends of the Ingush and Chechen peoples. In addition, Chakh Akhriev was the first to describe the elements of the Nart epic of the Ingush, for example, he found that back in the 19th century, as a praise, the Ingush said: "Nart vo sannava iz" ("He is like a Nart!").<ref name=":0" /> After graduating from high school, due to illness he spent two years at home (1868-1870). During this period, he was engaged in the collection of folklore and ethnographic materials, which marked the beginning of his literary activity. Published in 1871–1873 in the "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders" (Tiflis) and the newspaper "Terskie vedomosti" (Vladikavkaz). He managed to visit various districts of the Terek Oblast, in particular, the Assinsky gorge and the Nazran district. His works, mainly of an ethnographic nature, present the testimonies of the elders of the mountain villages of Ingushetia, who not only personally witnessed the events and ceremonies of the Ingush culture of the 18th century, but also remembered stories about the life of their ancestors in the 17th century. Their words were used to describe the way of life, myths, legends, rituals, ancient religious cults, customary law, rituals, holidays and national legends of the Ingush and Chechen peoples. In addition, Chakh Akhriev was the first to describe the elements of the Nart epic of the Ingush, for example, he found that back in the 19th century, as a praise, the Ingush said: "Nart vo sannava iz" ("He is like a Nart!").<ref name=":0" />


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From 1870 to 1874 he studied at the Nizhyn Lyceum, after which he was in unofficial exile for his Narodnaya Volya activity - he worked in various administrative bodies of the cities of Yevlakh and Nukh in the Elisavetpol province (now Azerbaijan). He actively advocated the compliance of the tsarist reforms with the interests of the Caucasian peoples and tried to influence the reforms of the Russian state. Because of his civic position, like another Ingush educator A-G. Dolgiev, he was "voluntarily expelled" and sent to the Transcaucasus for a long time. Long service activities and moving from city to city did not leave him the opportunity to devote himself to scientific and literary work.<ref name=":1" /> From 1870 to 1874 he studied at the Nizhyn Lyceum, after which he was in unofficial exile for his Narodnaya Volya activity - he worked in various administrative bodies of the cities of Yevlakh and Nukh in the Elisavetpol province (now Azerbaijan). He actively advocated the compliance of the tsarist reforms with the interests of the Caucasian peoples and tried to influence the reforms of the Russian state. Because of his civic position, like another Ingush educator A-G. Dolgiev, he was "voluntarily expelled" and sent to the Transcaucasus for a long time. Long service activities and moving from city to city did not leave him the opportunity to devote himself to scientific and literary work.<ref name=":1" />


===Later life=== == Later life ==
On October 16, 1874, Chakh Akhriev was appointed a candidate for office positions at the ] Court of Justice and for 8 years worked as a candidate for office position, assistant magistrate and forensic investigator. On November 24, 1882, he was appointed an agent for managing state property in the districts of the ] province, and from January 31, 1889, he worked as an official on special assignments to supervise the populated lands and quitrent articles. Since May 27, 1897 - director of the Nukha branch of the committee of the custodian of prisons. From October 23, 1900, he worked as a junior overseer for the state lands and quitrent articles of the Elisavetpol province. On October 16, 1874, Chakh Akhriev was appointed a candidate for office positions at the ] Court of Justice and for 8 years worked as a candidate for office position, assistant magistrate and forensic investigator. On November 24, 1882, he was appointed an agent for managing state property in the districts of the ] province, and from January 31, 1889, he worked as an official on special assignments to supervise the populated lands and quitrent articles. Since May 27, 1897 - director of the Nukha branch of the committee of the custodian of prisons. From October 23, 1900, he worked as a junior overseer for the state lands and quitrent articles of the Elisavetpol province.


Revision as of 13:55, 14 September 2023

Ingush academic In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Elmurzievich and the family name is Akhriev.
Chakh Elmurzievich Akhriev
Chakh Akhriev sitting c. 1873.
Born22 May 1850
Furtoug, Terek Oblast
Died12 May
Vladikavkaz
ChildrenRashid-bek Akhriev
Academic background
Alma materStavropol classical men's gymnasium(1868)
Nezhinsky legal lyceum(1874)
Academic work
DisciplineEthnography and local history

Chakh Elmurzievich Akhriev (22 May [O.S. 10 May] 1850 – 12 May [O.S. 29 April] 1914) was the first Ingush ethnographer and also a lawyer by education. Chakh dedicated his scholarly work to recording Ingush folklore, mythology, and culture as a whole.

Background

Chakh was born on May 10, 1850, in the village of Furtoug, Vladikavkazsky okrug of the Terek Oblast. Chakh's father was Elmurza Akhriev, the headman of the Dzherakh society, while his mother was Dzali Ozieva. Chakh himself was an ethnic Ingush of the Akhriev family, which in turn was part of the Dzherakh clan (teip). In the family he had four older sisters; his cousin was Assadula Akhriev (1853 – 1933), a prominent Ingush researcher and revolutionary.

Childhood

From 1850 to 1860, the last period of the Caucasian War, came to an end in the region. During one of the military operations to "pacify" individual centers of resistance, 7-year-old Chakh Akhriev, along with other Ingush boys, was captured by a detachment of Russian troops and ended up in amanats (mountaineers-hostages, who, by their stay among the Russians, guaranteed loyalty to Russia). He was brought to the Vladikavkaz fortress, where he was sent to a military cantonist school (1857-1862). Thanks to the assistance of his uncle Temurko Akhriev, an officer in the Russian army, his position in Vladikavkaz was somewhat better than other hostage children, he was respected by the Russian authorities and had more freedom. He was adopted by the family of a Russian colonel who had no children of his own.

From 1862 to 1868, Chakh studied at the Stavropol gymnasium, within the walls of which a significant part of the Caucasian intelligentsia began their creative and scientific career. Many people from the Caucasus graduated from it, including the Ingush - S. Akhriev, A. Bazorkin, A.G. Dolgiev, I. Bekbuzarov, P. Dakhkilgov, K. Malsagov and others. During the 1860s to the 1870s, the historical and ethnographic study of the North Caucasus and Caucasian studies were encouraged in the Russian Empire, branches of All-Russian scientific societies were opened. During these years, fundamental studies of scientists A.P. Berger, P.G. Butkov, N.F. Dubrovin, D. Ya. Lavrov and others began to be published. Chakh Akhriev plunged into the world of Russian culture and was among the leading people of his time.

Early collecting period

After graduating from high school, due to illness he spent two years at home (1868-1870). During this period, he was engaged in the collection of folklore and ethnographic materials, which marked the beginning of his literary activity. Published in 1871–1873 in the "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders" (Tiflis) and the newspaper "Terskie vedomosti" (Vladikavkaz). He managed to visit various districts of the Terek Oblast, in particular, the Assinsky gorge and the Nazran district. His works, mainly of an ethnographic nature, present the testimonies of the elders of the mountain villages of Ingushetia, who not only personally witnessed the events and ceremonies of the Ingush culture of the 18th century, but also remembered stories about the life of their ancestors in the 17th century. Their words were used to describe the way of life, myths, legends, rituals, ancient religious cults, customary law, rituals, holidays and national legends of the Ingush and Chechen peoples. In addition, Chakh Akhriev was the first to describe the elements of the Nart epic of the Ingush, for example, he found that back in the 19th century, as a praise, the Ingush said: "Nart vo sannava iz" ("He is like a Nart!").

Later, the works of Chakh Akhriev were republished in the books Ingush (1996) and Chakh Akhriev. Favorites "(2000). During his lifetime, scientists and scholars of caucasian culture, archaeologists, ethnographers, Russian lawyers F.I. Leontovich, B.K.Dalgat, M.M.Kovalevsky and others turned to the work of Chakh Akhriev. Dissertations are being written based on his materials.

From 1870 to 1874 he studied at the Nizhyn Lyceum, after which he was in unofficial exile for his Narodnaya Volya activity - he worked in various administrative bodies of the cities of Yevlakh and Nukh in the Elisavetpol province (now Azerbaijan). He actively advocated the compliance of the tsarist reforms with the interests of the Caucasian peoples and tried to influence the reforms of the Russian state. Because of his civic position, like another Ingush educator A-G. Dolgiev, he was "voluntarily expelled" and sent to the Transcaucasus for a long time. Long service activities and moving from city to city did not leave him the opportunity to devote himself to scientific and literary work.

Later life

On October 16, 1874, Chakh Akhriev was appointed a candidate for office positions at the Tiflis Court of Justice and for 8 years worked as a candidate for office position, assistant magistrate and forensic investigator. On November 24, 1882, he was appointed an agent for managing state property in the districts of the Elisavetpol province, and from January 31, 1889, he worked as an official on special assignments to supervise the populated lands and quitrent articles. Since May 27, 1897 - director of the Nukha branch of the committee of the custodian of prisons. From October 23, 1900, he worked as a junior overseer for the state lands and quitrent articles of the Elisavetpol province.

On September 28, 1912, he was dismissed for health reasons with the rank of collegiate counselor. He returned to Vladikavkaz, where he died on April 29, 1914, from diabetes mellitus. Buried in his native village Furtoug.

In the future, the study of the culture and socio-economic life of the region was continued by the Ingush scientists M. Bazorkin, AG. Dolgiev, A. Tutaev and others.

According to the memoirs of her daughter Nina Chakhovich, her father was a modest and sympathetic person, had a sociable and cheerful disposition. A large library was collected in the house of the Akhrievs, he subscribed to many newspapers and magazines. Favorite poet - N. A. Nekrasov.

Works

Some of Chakh's works

  • Funeral and commemoration at the highlanders. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1870, no. II, pp. 28–32.
  • A few words about the heroes in Ingush legends. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1870, no. IV, dep. II, pp. 1–33.
  • From Chechen legends // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1871, no. V, dep. II, § 2, pp. 38–46.
  • Ingush holidays // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1871, no. V, dep. III, § 2, pp. 1–16.
  • About Ingush porridges (family crypts of noble families). // "Terskie vedomosti". 1871, no. 17.
  • The oath of the Ingush. // "Terskie vedomosti", 1871, no. 20.
  • The moral meaning of the oath of the Ingush. // "Terskie vedomosti", 1871, No. 21.
  • On the nature of the Ingush. // "Terskie vedomosti", 1871, no. 30.
  • About Ingush women. // "Terskie vedomosti", 1871, No. 31.
  • Ethnographic sketch of the Ingush people with the application of its tales and legends. // "Terskie vedomosti", 1872, No. 27-35, 39, 42, 43, 45–49; 1873, no. 3, 21, 22, 24–26.
  • Ingush. Their legends, beliefs and beliefs. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", 1875, no. VIII, dept. I, pp. 1–40.
  • Notes about the Ingush ("On the character of the Ingush", "The oath of the Ingush", "On Ingush women", "Ingush porridges"). // "Collection of information about the Terek region", Vladikavkaz, 1878, no. 1, pp. 276–290.

Family

  • Nina Akhrieva (1904 – ?), Ingush ethnographer.
  • Rashid-bek Akhriev (1890s – 1942), Ingush aviator and pilot of the Soviet Air Forces.
  • Tamara Akhrieva, the first Ingush female to be a Ingush.

Legacy

The Ingush Research Institute of the Humanities is named in honor of Chakh Akhriev . In 2005, Ch. E. Akhriev was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit "for outstanding services in the field of ethnography and many years of scientific activity"

Chakh Akhriev along with other early Chechen-Ingush ethnographers such as Umalat Laudaev contributed to the preservation of Chechen-Ingush fairy tales, customs and mythology. Their works are still in use today, the Caucasian historian Amjad Jaimoukha referenced Akhriev's work in his own works on the Caucasus.

Notes

  1. O.S. 10 May 1850.
  2. O.S. 29 April 1914.
  3. Template:Lang-ru, Template:Lang-inh.
  4. Известія Кавказскаго отдѣла Императорскаго Русскаго географическаго общества 1900, p. 124; Ковалевскій 1914, p. 150; Baddeley 1940, p. 205; Великая & Виноградов 1989, p. 40

References

  1. ^ Albogachieva 2022.
  2. Дахкильгов 1991, p. 20.
  3. Ocherki istorii Checheno-Ingushskoy ASSR 1967, p. 297. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOcherki_istorii_Checheno-Ingushskoy_ASSR1967 (help)
  4. Dzarakhova 2020.
  5. ^ "ИНГУШЕТИЯ.РУ • Культура". archive.vn. 2013-04-15. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  6. ^ "Чах Ахриев и этнография ингушей (к 160-летию со дня рождения)". Gazeta Serdalo.
  7. Malsagov 1933, p. 16.
  8. "Ингуш.RU - Общенациональная газета Республики Ингушетия Сердало". 2012-10-02. Archived from the original on 2012-10-02. Retrieved 2020-07-29.

Bibliography

English sources

  • Baddeley, John F. (1940). The Rugged Flanks of Caucasus. Vol. 1. London: Oxford University Press: Humphrey Milford. pp. 1–318.

Russian sources

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