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In 1944 Romania was occupied by Soviet troops, who would not withdraw until 1958. In the meantime, part of the country had been detached to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

In the Armistice Agreement with Rumania (September 12, 1944), it was stipulated in Article 18 that "An Allied Control Commission will be established which will undertake until the conclusion of peace the regulation of and control over the execution of the present terms under the general direction and orders of the Allied (Soviet) High Command, acting on behalf of the Allied Powers. In the Annex to Article 18, it was made clear that "The Rumanian Government and their organs shall fulfill all instructions of the Allied Control Commission arising out of the Armistice Agreement", and that The Allied Control Commission would have its seat in Bucharest. In line with Article 14 of the Armistice Agreement, two People's Tribunals were set up to try suspected war criminals, one in Bucharest, and the other in Cluj. The Treaty of Peace with Romania was signed on February 10, 1947 and entered into force on September 15, 1947.

See also

• Potsdam Agreement
• History of Romania
• Romania during World War II
• Battle of Romania (1944)
• Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

Notes

1. The term "occupation" is widely used by Western and post-Revolutionary Romanian historians. Examples include:
   • "Soviet forces occupied Romania in 1944 and stayed for more than a decade." Roger E. Kirk, Mircea Răceanu, Romania Versus the United States: Diplomacy of the Absurd, 1985-1989, p. 2. Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, ISBN 0312120591.
   • "Soviet occupation troops had been withdrawn in 1958." Gordon L. Rottman, Ron Volstad, Warsaw Pact Ground Forces, p. 45. Osprey, 1987, ISBN 0850457300.
   • "The country had to endure a long Soviet occupation (until 1958), and to pay the Soviets massive reparations." Lucian Boia, Romania: Borderland of Europe, p. 106. Reaktion Books, 2001, ISBN 1861891032.
   • "Soviet occupation forces in Romania unlimited interference in Romanian political life." Verona, p. 31.
   • "In June 1958, based on complex arrangements between the Romanians, the Russians, and the Yugoslavs, the occupying Soviet Army units left Romania." Tismăneanu, p. 25. "Romanian communists remained an unappealing marginal group until the occupation of the country by the Red Army in 1944." ibid., p. 59. "The Soviet Army occupied Romanian territory and ... the Soviet-controlled political formation called the RCP was exploiting this state of affairs to establish a Stalinist regime as soon as possible, whatever the human cost." ibid., p. 91.
   • "The primary focus is the occupation of the rest of Romania from 1944 to 1958...There is little doubt that the Soviet occupation had a devastating economic, political, and social impact on Romania." Aurel Braun, review of The Red Army in Romania, in Slavic Review, Vol. 61, No. 1, 146-147, Spring 2002.
   • Flori Stănescu, Dragoş Zamfirescu, Ocupaţia sovietică în România - Documente 1944-1946 (The Soviet Occupation in Romania - Documents 1944-1946). Vremea, 1998, ISBN 9739423175.
2. The Armistice Agreement with Rumania
3. Treaty of Peace with Romania

References

• Romania - History ": This text comes from the Country Studies Program, formerly the Army Area Handbook Program. The Country Studies Series presents a description and analysis of the historical setting and the social, economic, political, and national security systems and institutions of countries throughout the world."
  See sections:
  • Romania - Armistice Negotiations and Soviet Occupation
  • Romania - POSTWAR ROMANIA, 1944-85
• Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003, ISBN 0-52-023747-1
• Sergiu Verona, "Military Occupation and Diplomacy: Soviet Troops in Romania, 1944-1958", Duke University Press, Durham, NC, 1992, ISBN 0822311712

Further reading

• Romania and peace conditions after the Second World War, on the website of Radio Romania International, January 31, 2005
• Review of Verona's book, by J. Calvitt Clarke III, at Jacksonville University.

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