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The ] is ]'s ]. Under the ], executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing limited powers. Since 1994 no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Presidents used to be elected indirectly, by an electoral college or by Parliament, but since 1994 the president has been elected directly by the people for a term of six years. The president must be a native-born ]. The office was established by the ''Constitution Act'' of 1919. The current office-holder is ]. The ] is ]'s ]. Under the ], executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing limited powers. Since 1994 no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Presidents used to be elected indirectly, by an electoral college or by Parliament, but since 1994 the president has been elected directly by the people for a term of six years. The president must be a native-born ]. The office was established by the ''Constitution Act'' of 1919. The current office-holder is ].
{{clr}} {{clr}}

== List of presidents== == List of presidents==
{{legend2|{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}}|] {{small|(1918–1951)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br> {{legend2|{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}}|] {{small|(1918–1951)}}|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<br>
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{{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}|] (Workers' Party of Finland {{small|(1899–1903)}}, Social Democratic Party in Finland {{small|(1903–1906)}})|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}|] (Workers' Party of Finland {{small|(1899–1903)}}, Social Democratic Party in Finland {{small|(1903–1906)}})|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class = wikitable
|- style="background:#efefef;" |- style = background:#efefef
! Rank ! Rank
! Portrait ! Portrait
! President <br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> ! President<br>{{small|(birth–death)}}
! Elected ! Elected
! Took office ! Took office
! Left office ! Left office
! Political party (until election) ! Political party (until election)
! Birth and death ! Birth<br>Death


<!-- Ståhlberg --> <!-- Ståhlberg -->
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! style="background:{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 1 ! style="background:{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 1
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|] <br /> <small>(1865–1952)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1865–1952)}}
| ] | ]
| 26 July 1919 | 26 July 1919
| 2 March 1925 | 2 March 1925
| height=70|] (Ed.) | height=70|] (Ed.)
| ''b.'' 28 January 1865, ]<br />''d.'' 22 September 1952, ] | ''b.'' 28 January 1865, ]<br>''d.'' 22 September 1952, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1908–1910, 1914–1918 and 1930–1933). ] (1914–1917). ] (1918–1919). Elected as president by the ] in 1919. | colspan="5"|] (1908–1910, 1914–1918 and 1930–1933). ] (1914–1917). ] (1918–1919). Elected as president by the ] in 1919.
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! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 2 ! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 2
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1883–1942)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1883–1942)}}
| ] | ]
| 2 March 1925 | 2 March 1925
| 2 March 1931 | 2 March 1931
| height=70|] (ML) | height=70|] (ML)
| ''b.'' 31 May 1883, ]<br />''d.'' 9 February 1942, ] | ''b.'' 31 May 1883, ]<br>''d.'' 9 February 1942, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1910–1914 and 1917–1920). ] (1919–1920). Governor of ] (1920–1925). Elected as president by an ] in 1925. | colspan="5"|] (1910–1914 and 1917–1920). ] (1919–1920). Governor of ] (1920–1925). Elected as president by an ] in 1925.
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! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 3 ! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 3
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1861–1944)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1861–1944)}}
| ] | ]
| 2 March 1931 | 2 March 1931
| 1 March 1937 | 1 March 1937
| height=70|] (Kok.) | height=70|] (Kok.)
| ''b.'' 15 December 1861, ]<br />''d.'' 29 February 1944, ] | ''b.'' 15 December 1861, ]<br>''d.'' 29 February 1944, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|Member of the ] in the ] (1894 and 1899–1906). ] (1907–1917 and 1930–1931). ] (1907–1913). ] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918). ] (1917–1918 and 1930–1931). Elected as president by an ] in 1931. | colspan="5"|Member of the ] in the ] (1894 and 1899–1906). ] (1907–1917 and 1930–1931). ] (1907–1913). ] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918). ] (1917–1918 and 1930–1931). Elected as president by an ] in 1931.
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! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 4 ! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 4
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1873–1940)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1873–1940)}}
| ] | ]
| 1 March 1937 | 1 March 1937
| 19 December 1940<br /><small>(died)</small> | 19 December 1940<br>{{small|(died)}}
| height=70|] (ML) | height=70|] (ML)
| ''b.'' 10 April 1873, ]<br />''d.'' 19 December 1940, ] | ''b.'' 10 April 1873, ]<br>''d.'' 19 December 1940, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1907–1937). Chairman of the ] (1909–1917). Minister of Agriculture (1919–1920 and 1921–1922). ] (1920–1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1927–1928, 1929 and 1930–1936). ] (1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937). Elected as president by an ] in 1937. Announced resignation in 1940 because of poor health, but died in office. | colspan="5"|] (1907–1937). Chairman of the ] (1909–1917). Minister of Agriculture (1919–1920 and 1921–1922). ] (1920–1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1927–1928, 1929 and 1930–1936). ] (1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937). Elected as president by an ] in 1937. Announced resignation in 1940 because of poor health, but died in office.
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! style="background:{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 5 ! style="background:{{party color|National Progressive Party (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 5
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1889–1956)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1889–1956)}}
| ]<br />] | ]<br>]
| 19 December 1940 | 19 December 1940
| 4 August 1944<br /><small>(resigned)</small> | 4 August 1944<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| height=70|] (Ed.) | height=70|] (Ed.)
| ''b.'' 3 February 1889, ]<br />''d.'' 25 October 1956, ] | ''b.'' 3 February 1889, ]<br>''d.'' 25 October 1956, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1919–1924 and 1927–1929). ] (1921–1922 and 1922–1924). ] (1923–1940 and 1944–1945). ] (1939–1940). Elected as president by the ] from 1937 in 1940 and re-elected in 1943 also by the electoral college from 1937. Resigned in 1944 due to the ]. | colspan="5"|] (1919–1924 and 1927–1929). ] (1921–1922 and 1922–1924). ] (1923–1940 and 1944–1945). ] (1939–1940). Elected as president by the ] from 1937 in 1940 and re-elected in 1943 also by the electoral college from 1937. Resigned in 1944 due to the ].
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! rowspan="2"| 6 ! rowspan="2"| 6
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1867–1951)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1867–1951)}}
| 1944 | 1944
| 4 August 1944 | 4 August 1944
| 11 March 1946<br /><small>(resigned)</small> | 11 March 1946<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| ] | ]
| ''b.'' 4 June 1867, ]<br />''d.'' 27 January 1951, ], ] | ''b.'' 4 June 1867, ]<br>''d.'' 27 January 1951, ], ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918–1919). ] of the ] (1939–1945). The only ]. Decreed as president in 1944 by an exception law. Resigned in 1946 because of poor health. Finland's only non-partisan president and the only president to die outside Finland. | colspan="5"|] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918–1919). ] of the ] (1939–1945). The only ]. Decreed as president in 1944 by an exception law. Resigned in 1946 because of poor health. Finland's only non-partisan president and the only president to die outside Finland.
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! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 7 ! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 7
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1870–1956)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1870–1956)}}
| ]<br />] | ]<br>]
| 11 March 1946 | 11 March 1946
| 1 March 1956 | 1 March 1956
| height=70|] (Kok.) | height=70|] (Kok.)
| ''b.'' 27 November 1870, ]<br />''d.'' 14 December 1956, ] | ''b.'' 27 November 1870, ]<br>''d.'' 14 December 1956, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1907–1909 and 1910–1914). ] (1918 and 1944–1946). Elected as president by the ] in 1946 and re-elected by an ] in 1950. | colspan="5"|] (1907–1909 and 1910–1914). ] (1918 and 1944–1946). Elected as president by the ] in 1946 and re-elected by an ] in 1950.
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! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 8 ! style="background:{{party color|Agrarian League (Finland)}};" rowspan="2"| 8
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1900–1986)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1900–1986)}}
| ]<br />]<br />]<br />] | ]<br>]<br />]<br>]
| 1 March 1956 | 1 March 1956
| 27 January 1982<br /><small>(resigned)</small> | 27 January 1982<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| height=70|] (ML) | height=70|] (ML)
| ''b.'' 3 September 1900, ]<br />''d.'' 31 August 1986, ] | ''b.'' 3 September 1900, ]<br>''d.'' 31 August 1986, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1936–1956). ] (1936–1937 and 1944–1946). ] (1937–1939 and 1950–1951). ] (1948–1950). ] (1950–1953 and 1954–1956). Elected as president by an ] in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978. In 1973, the term that started in 1968 was extended by four years by an exception law. Resigned in 1982 because of poor health. Served in the ]. | colspan="5"|] (1936–1956). ] (1936–1937 and 1944–1946). ] (1937–1939 and 1950–1951). ] (1948–1950). ] (1950–1953 and 1954–1956). Elected as president by an ] in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978. In 1973, the term that started in 1968 was extended by four years by an exception law. Resigned in 1982 because of poor health. Served in the ].
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! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 9 ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 9
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (1923–2017)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(1923–2017)}}
| ]<br />] | ]<br>]
| 27 January 1982 | 27 January 1982
| 1 March 1994 | 1 March 1994
| ] (SDP) | ] (SDP)
| ''b.'' 25 November 1923, ]<br />''d.'' 12 May 2017, ] | ''b.'' 25 November 1923, ]<br>''d.'' 12 May 2017, ]
|- |-
| colspan="5"|] (1966–1967 and 1972). ] (1968–1982). ] (1968–1970 and 1979–1982). Elected as president by an ] in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. The first president born in independent Finland. Served in the ] of the ]. | colspan="5"|] (1966–1967 and 1972). ] (1968–1982). ] (1968–1970 and 1979–1982). Elected as president by an ] in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. The first president born in independent Finland. Served in the ] of the ].
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! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 10 ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 10
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /> <small>(b. 1937)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(b. 1937)}}
| ] | ]
| 1 March 1994 | 1 March 1994
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! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 11 ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Finland}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 11
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (b. 1943)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(b. 1943)}}
| ]<br />] | ]<br>]
| 1 March 2000 | 1 March 2000
| 1 March 2012 | 1 March 2012
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! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 12 ! style="background:{{party color|National Coalition Party}}; color:white;" rowspan="2"| 12
| rowspan="2"|] | rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br /><small> (b. 1948)</small> | rowspan="2"|]<br>{{small|(b. 1948)}}
| ]<br />] | ]<br>]
| 1 March 2012 | 1 March 2012
| Incumbent<br />{{small|(''Term ends 1 February or 1 March 2024'')}} | Incumbent<br>{{small|(''Term ends 1 February or 1 March 2024'')}}
| ] (Kok.) | ] (Kok.)
| ''b.'' 24 August 1948, ] | ''b.'' 24 August 1948, ]

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Politics of Finland
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Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Recent elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The president of Finland is Finland's head of state. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing limited powers. Since 1994 no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Presidents used to be elected indirectly, by an electoral college or by Parliament, but since 1994 the president has been elected directly by the people for a term of six years. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. The current office-holder is Sauli Niinistö.

List of presidents

  National Progressive Party (1918–1951)
  Centre of Finland (Agrarian League (1906–1965), Centre Party (1965–1988))
  National Coalition (National Coalition Party (1918–1951))
  Social Democratic Party of Finland (Workers' Party of Finland (1899–1903), Social Democratic Party in Finland (1903–1906))

Rank Portrait President
(birth–death) 		Elected Took office Left office Political party (until election) Birth
Death
1 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
(1865–1952) 		1919 26 July 1919 2 March 1925 National Progressive Party (Ed.) b. 28 January 1865, Suomussalmi
d. 22 September 1952, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1908–1910, 1914–1918 and 1930–1933). Speaker of parliament (1914–1917). President of the Supreme Administrative Court (1918–1919). Elected as president by the parliament in 1919.
2 Lauri Kristian Relander
(1883–1942) 		1925 2 March 1925 2 March 1931 Agrarian League (ML) b. 31 May 1883, Kurkijoki
d. 9 February 1942, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1910–1914 and 1917–1920). Speaker of parliament (1919–1920). Governor of Viipuri Province (1920–1925). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1925.
3 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1861–1944) 		1931 2 March 1931 1 March 1937 National Coalition Party (Kok.) b. 15 December 1861, Sääksmäki
d. 29 February 1944, Luumäki
Member of the Estate of Nobles in the Diet of Finland (1894 and 1899–1906). Member of parliament (1907–1917 and 1930–1931). Speaker of parliament (1907–1913). Regent (interim head of state) of Finland (1918). Prime Minister (1917–1918 and 1930–1931). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1931.
4 Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) 		1937 1 March 1937 19 December 1940
(died) 		Agrarian League (ML) b. 10 April 1873, Ylivieska
d. 19 December 1940, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1907–1937). Chairman of the Agrarian League (1909–1917). Minister of Agriculture (1919–1920 and 1921–1922). Speaker of parliament (1920–1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1927–1928, 1929 and 1930–1936). Prime Minister (1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1937. Announced resignation in 1940 because of poor health, but died in office.
5 Risto Heikki Ryti
(1889–1956) 		1940
1943 		19 December 1940 4 August 1944
(resigned) 		National Progressive Party (Ed.) b. 3 February 1889, Huittinen
d. 25 October 1956, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1919–1924 and 1927–1929). Minister of Finance (1921–1922 and 1922–1924). Governor of the Bank of Finland (1923–1940 and 1944–1945). Prime Minister (1939–1940). Elected as president by the electoral college from 1937 in 1940 and re-elected in 1943 also by the electoral college from 1937. Resigned in 1944 due to the Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement.
6 Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
(1867–1951) 		1944 4 August 1944 11 March 1946
(resigned) 		independent b. 4 June 1867, Askainen
d. 27 January 1951, Lausanne, Switzerland
Regent (interim head of state) of Finland (1918–1919). Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces (1939–1945). The only Field Marshal and Marshal of Finland. Decreed as president in 1944 by an exception law. Resigned in 1946 because of poor health. Finland's only non-partisan president and the only president to die outside Finland.
7 Juho Kusti Paasikivi
(1870–1956) 		1946
1950 		11 March 1946 1 March 1956 National Coalition Party (Kok.) b. 27 November 1870, Hämeenkoski
d. 14 December 1956, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1907–1909 and 1910–1914). Prime Minister (1918 and 1944–1946). Elected as president by the parliament in 1946 and re-elected by an electoral college in 1950.
8 Urho Kaleva Kekkonen
(1900–1986) 		1956
1962
1968
1978 		1 March 1956 27 January 1982
(resigned) 		Agrarian League (ML) b. 3 September 1900, Pielavesi
d. 31 August 1986, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1936–1956). Minister of Justice (1936–1937 and 1944–1946). Minister of the Interior (1937–1939 and 1950–1951). Speaker of parliament (1948–1950). Prime Minister (1950–1953 and 1954–1956). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978. In 1973, the term that started in 1968 was extended by four years by an exception law. Resigned in 1982 because of poor health. Served in the Finnish Civil War.
9 Mauno Henrik Koivisto
(1923–2017) 		1982
1988 		27 January 1982 1 March 1994 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) b. 25 November 1923, Turku
d. 12 May 2017, Helsinki
Minister of Finance (1966–1967 and 1972). Governor of the Bank of Finland (1968–1982). Prime Minister (1968–1970 and 1979–1982). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. The first president born in independent Finland. Served in the Continuation War of the Second World War.
10 Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari
(b. 1937) 		1994 1 March 1994 1 March 2000 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) b. 23 June 1937, Viipuri
Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (1987–1991). Elected as president in 1994. The first president elected by direct popular vote. Nobel Peace Prize laureate 2008. Member of The Elders.
11 Tarja Kaarina Halonen
(b. 1943) 		2000
2006 		1 March 2000 1 March 2012 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) b. 24 December 1943, Helsinki
Member of parliament (1979–2000). Minister of Justice (1990–1991). Minister for Foreign Affairs (1995–2000). Elected as president in 2000 and re-elected in 2006. The first president subject to term limits. Finland's first female president.
12 Sauli Väinämö Niinistö
(b. 1948) 		2012
2018 		1 March 2012 Incumbent
(Term ends 1 February or 1 March 2024) 		National Coalition (Kok.) b. 24 August 1948, Salo
Member of parliament (1987–2003 and 2007–2011). Chairman of the National Coalition Party (1994–2001). Minister of Justice (1995–1996). Minister of Finance (1996–2003). Speaker of parliament (2007–2011). Elected as president in 2012 and re-elected in 2018.
Sauli NiinistöTarja HalonenMartti AhtisaariMauno KoivistoUrho KekkonenJ. K. PaasikiviGustaf MannerheimRisto RytiKyösti KallioP. E. SvinhufvudLauri Kristian RelanderK. J. Ståhlberg

See also

External links

Years in Finland
Categories:
List of presidents of Finland: Difference between revisions Add topic