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List of governors of Georgia: Difference between revisions

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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1750–1818)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=281–282}}<ref name="nga-irwin">{{Cite web |title=Jared Irwin |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jared-irwin/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-irwin">{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Katherine E. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=Jared Irwin |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/jared-irwin-ca-1750-1818/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1750–1818)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=281–282}}<ref name="nga-irwin">{{Cite web |title=Jared Irwin |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jared-irwin/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-irwin">{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Katherine E. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=Jared Irwin |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/jared-irwin-ca-1750-1818/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 15, 1796}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />January 12, 1798<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |{{dts|January 15, 1796}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />January 12, 1798<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=281–282}} |]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=30}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1757–1806)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=282–283}}<ref name="nga-jackson">{{Cite web |title=James Jackson |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/james-jackson/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-jackson">{{Cite web |last=Lamplugh |first=George R. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=James Jackson |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-jackson-1757-1806/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1757–1806)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=282–283}}<ref name="nga-jackson">{{Cite web |title=James Jackson |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/james-jackson/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-jackson">{{Cite web |last=Lamplugh |first=George R. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=James Jackson |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-jackson-1757-1806/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 12, 1798}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />March 3, 1801<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Jackson resigned, having been ] to the ].<ref name="nga-jackson" />}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 12, 1798}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />March 3, 1801<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Jackson resigned, having been ] to the ].<ref name="nga-jackson" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=282–283}} |rowspan="2"|]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=30}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1780–1856)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|p=288}}<ref name="nga-troup">{{Cite web |title=George Michael Troup |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-michael-troup/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-troup">{{Cite web |last=Saba |first=Natalie D. |date=September 11, 2014 |title=George Troup |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-troup-1780-1856/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1780–1856)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|p=288}}<ref name="nga-troup">{{Cite web |title=George Michael Troup |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-michael-troup/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-troup">{{Cite web |last=Saba |first=Natalie D. |date=September 11, 2014 |title=George Troup |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-troup-1780-1856/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 7, 1823}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 7, 1827<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 7, 1823}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 7, 1827<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|] |rowspan="2"|] ]{{sfn|Glashan|1979|p=66}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1780–1841)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=288–289}}<ref name="nga-forsyth">{{Cite web |title=John Forsyth |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-forsyth/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-forsyth">{{Cite web |last=Luckett |first=Robert E. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=John Forsyth |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-forsyth-1780-1841/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1780–1841)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=288–289}}<ref name="nga-forsyth">{{Cite web |title=John Forsyth |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-forsyth/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-forsyth">{{Cite web |last=Luckett |first=Robert E. |date=September 15, 2014 |title=John Forsyth |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/john-forsyth-1780-1841/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 7, 1827}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 4, 1829<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |{{dts|November 7, 1827}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 4, 1829<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|] |] ]{{sfn|Glashan|1979|p=66}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1790–1859)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=289–290}}<ref name="nga-gilmer">{{Cite web |title=George Rockingham Gilmer |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-rockingham-gilmer/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-gilmer">{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Katherine E. |date=May 13, 2013 |title=George R. Gilmer |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-r-gilmer-1790-1859/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1790–1859)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=289–290}}<ref name="nga-gilmer">{{Cite web |title=George Rockingham Gilmer |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-rockingham-gilmer/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-gilmer">{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Katherine E. |date=May 13, 2013 |title=George R. Gilmer |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-r-gilmer-1790-1859/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 4, 1829}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 9, 1831<br>{{small|(lost election)}} |{{dts|November 4, 1829}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 9, 1831<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|] |] ]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=32}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1783–1870)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=290–291}}<ref name="nga-lumpkin">{{Cite web |title=Wilson Lumpkin |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/wilson-lumpkin/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-lumpkin">{{Cite web |last=Tate |first=Benjamin B. |date=September 25, 2014 |title=Wilson Lumpkin |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/wilson-lumpkin-1783-1870/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1783–1870)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=290–291}}<ref name="nga-lumpkin">{{Cite web |title=Wilson Lumpkin |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/wilson-lumpkin/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-lumpkin">{{Cite web |last=Tate |first=Benjamin B. |date=September 25, 2014 |title=Wilson Lumpkin |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/wilson-lumpkin-1783-1870/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 9, 1831}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 4, 1835<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 9, 1831}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 4, 1835<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|Union<br />(]) |rowspan="2"|Union<br />(]){{sfn|Dubin|2003|pp=32–33}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1786–1858)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=291–292}}<ref name="nga-schley">{{Cite web |title=William Schley |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-schley/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-schley">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Russell K. |date=August 6, 2013 |title=William Schley |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/william-schley-1786-1858/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1786–1858)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=291–292}}<ref name="nga-schley">{{Cite web |title=William Schley |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-schley/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-schley">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Russell K. |date=August 6, 2013 |title=William Schley |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/william-schley-1786-1858/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 4, 1835}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 8, 1837<br>{{small|(lost election)}} |{{dts|November 4, 1835}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 8, 1837<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|Union<br />(]) |Union<br />(]){{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=34}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1790–1859)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=289–290}}<ref name="nga-gilmer" /><ref name="ga-gilmer" /> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1790–1859)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=289–290}}<ref name="nga-gilmer" /><ref name="ga-gilmer" />
|{{dts|November 8, 1837}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 6, 1839<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |{{dts|November 8, 1837}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 6, 1839<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|State Rights<br />(]) |State Rights<br />(]){{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=34}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1793–1860)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=292–293}}<ref name="nga-mcdonald">{{Cite web |title=Charles James McDonald |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-james-mcdonald/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-mcdonald">{{Cite web |last=Luckett |first=Robert E. |date=September 5, 2014 |title=Charles McDonald |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/charles-mcdonald-1793-1860/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1793–1860)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=292–293}}<ref name="nga-mcdonald">{{Cite web |title=Charles James McDonald |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-james-mcdonald/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-mcdonald">{{Cite web |last=Luckett |first=Robert E. |date=September 5, 2014 |title=Charles McDonald |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/charles-mcdonald-1793-1860/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 6, 1839}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 8, 1843<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 6, 1839}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 8, 1843<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|Union<br />(]) |rowspan="2"|Union<br />(]){{sfn|Dubin|2003|pp=35–36}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1798–1872)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=293–294}}<ref name="nga-crawford">{{Cite web |title=George Walker Crawford |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-walker-crawford/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-crawford">{{Cite web |last=Summerlin |first=Donnie |date=December 9, 2013 |title=George W. Crawford |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-w-crawford-1798-1872/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1798–1872)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=293–294}}<ref name="nga-crawford">{{Cite web |title=George Walker Crawford |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-walker-crawford/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-crawford">{{Cite web |last=Summerlin |first=Donnie |date=December 9, 2013 |title=George W. Crawford |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-w-crawford-1798-1872/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 8, 1843}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 3, 1847<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 8, 1843}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 3, 1847<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|] |rowspan="2"|]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|p=37}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1801–1854)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=294–295}}<ref name="nga-towns">{{Cite web |title=George Washington Towns |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-washington-towns/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-towns">{{Cite web |last=Hulett |first=Keith |date=August 20, 2013 |title=George W. Towns |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-w-towns-1801-1854/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1801–1854)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=294–295}}<ref name="nga-towns">{{Cite web |title=George Washington Towns |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-washington-towns/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-towns">{{Cite web |last=Hulett |first=Keith |date=August 20, 2013 |title=George W. Towns |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/george-w-towns-1801-1854/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 3, 1847}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 5, 1851<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 3, 1847}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 5, 1851<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|] |rowspan="2"|]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|pp=47–48}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1815–1868)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=295–296}}<ref name="nga-cobb">{{Cite web |title=Howell Cobb |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/howell-cobb/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-cobb">{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=R. L. |date=September 20, 2018 |title=Howell Cobb |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/howell-cobb-1815-1868/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |''']'''<br>{{Small|(1815–1868)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=295–296}}<ref name="nga-cobb">{{Cite web |title=Howell Cobb |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/howell-cobb/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-cobb">{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=R. L. |date=September 20, 2018 |title=Howell Cobb |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/howell-cobb-1815-1868/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 5, 1851}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 9, 1853<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |{{dts|November 5, 1851}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 9, 1853<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|Constitutional<br />Union (]){{efn|Not to be confused with ] of 1860, the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia was a brief merger of the Democratic and Whig state parties. Following a division in the party in 1852, Democratic members of the party became known as "Union Democrats" and Whig members "Union Whigs."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Paul |date=1945 |title=Party Organization in Georgia Politics 1825-1853 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40576991 |journal=The Georgia Historical Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=206-207 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>}} |Constitutional<br />Union (]){{efn|Not to be confused with ] of 1860, the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia was a brief merger of the Democratic and Whig state parties.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Paul |date=1945 |title=Party Organization in Georgia Politics 1825-1853 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40576991 |journal=The Georgia Historical Quarterly |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=206-207 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1812–1880)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=296–297}}<ref name="nga-johnson-herschel">{{Cite web |title=Herschel Vespasian Johnson |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/herschel-vespasian-johnson/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-johnson-herschel">{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Chad |date=June 8, 2017 |title=Herschel Johnson |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/herschel-johnson-1812-1880/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1812–1880)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=296–297}}<ref name="nga-johnson-herschel">{{Cite web |title=Herschel Vespasian Johnson |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/herschel-vespasian-johnson/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-johnson-herschel">{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Chad |date=June 8, 2017 |title=Herschel Johnson |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/herschel-johnson-1812-1880/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 9, 1853}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 6, 1857<br>{{small|(did not run)}} |rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 9, 1853}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />November 6, 1857<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|] |rowspan="2"|]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|pp=40–41}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"
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|rowspan="4"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1821–1894)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=297–298}}<ref name="nga-brown-joseph-e">{{Cite web |title=Joseph Emerson Brown |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-emerson-brown/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-brown-joseph-e">{{Cite web |last=Boney |first=F. N. |date=September 30, 2020 |title=Joseph E. Brown |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/joseph-e-brown-1821-1894/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1821–1894)}}<br>{{sfn|Sobel|1978|pp=297–298}}<ref name="nga-brown-joseph-e">{{Cite web |title=Joseph Emerson Brown |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-emerson-brown/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref name="ga-brown-joseph-e">{{Cite web |last=Boney |first=F. N. |date=September 30, 2020 |title=Joseph E. Brown |url=https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/joseph-e-brown-1821-1894/ |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=]}}</ref>
|rowspan="4"|{{dts|November 6, 1857}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />June 17, 1865<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Brown resigned following the defeat of the ].<ref name="nga-brown-joseph-e" /> One source states Brown left office on June 25, which could make sense as it would take several days for news of Johnson's appointment to reach Georgia. However, this source has not been corroborated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Otto, John Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi3xpiqrzGIC&pg=PA407 |title=Memoirs of a Dutch Mudsill |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780873387996 |page=407}}</ref>}} |rowspan="4"|{{dts|November 6, 1857}}<ref name="register-1990" /><br />–<br />June 17, 1865<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Brown resigned following the defeat of the ].<ref name="nga-brown-joseph-e" /> One source states Brown left office on June 25, which could make sense as it would take several days for news of Johnson's appointment to reach Georgia. However, this source has not been corroborated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Otto, John Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mi3xpiqrzGIC&pg=PA407 |title=Memoirs of a Dutch Mudsill |publisher=Kent State University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780873387996 |page=407}}</ref>}}
|rowspan="4"|] |rowspan="4"|]{{sfn|Dubin|2003|pp=43–44}}
|] |]
|- style="height:2em;" |- style="height:2em;"

Revision as of 03:00, 23 October 2023

Not to be confused with the state commissioners (informally referred to as "Governor"), the chief executives of the Regions of Georgia (country).

The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The current officeholder is Republican Brian Kemp, who assumed office on January 14, 2019.

There have officially been 83 governors of the State of Georgia, including 11 who served more than one distinct term (John Houstoun, George Walton, Edward Telfair, George Mathews, Jared Irwin, David Brydie Mitchell, George Rockingham Gilmer, M. Hoke Smith, Joseph Mackey Brown, John M. Slaton and Eugene Talmadge, with Herman Talmadge serving two de facto distinct terms).

The longest-serving governors are George Busbee, Joe Frank Harris, Zell Miller, Sonny Perdue and Nathan Deal, each of whom served two full four-year terms; Joseph E. Brown, governor during the Civil War, was elected four times, serving seven and a half years. The shortest term of the post-revolutionary period is that of Matthew Talbot, who served 13 days after succeeding his predecessor who died in office. Eugene Talmadge died in December 1946 before taking office in his second distinct term, leading to a dispute in which three people claimed the office.

Governors

For the period before independence, see List of colonial governors of Georgia.

Georgia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 2, 1788. Before it declared its independence, Georgia was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. It seceded from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861. Following the end of the American Civil War, Georgia during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Georgia was readmitted to the Union on July 25, 1868; again expelled from Congress on March 3, 1869; and again readmitted on July 15, 1870.

The Rules and Regulations of the Colony, drafted in 1776, provided for a president to serve a term of 6 months. A formal constitution was drafted in 1777, providing for a governor to serve a term of one year, but no more than one year out of every three. The term was lengthened to two years in 1789, but with no term limit. The 1865 constitution required governors to take four years off after serving two terms, but that was quickly changed in the 1868 constitution, which allowed for four-year terms with no limits. The term length was returned to the two-year term and limit of the 1865 constitution in 1877.

The 1945 constitution changed the length of terms to four years, with governors required to take four years off before running again, and it created the office of lieutenant governor, who would exercise the powers of the governor should the office become vacant. This was changed in 1983 so that the lieutenant governor fully becomes governor in that circumstance. Before the creation of the office of lieutenant governor, the president of the senate (or, before 1789, the president of the executive council) would exercise the powers of governor. The 1983 constitution also allows governors to succeed themselves once, before having to wait four years to run again.

Governors of the State of Georgia
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
7   Archibald Bulloch
(1730–1777)
 January 22, 1776
–
February 22, 1777
(died in office) 		None — Office did not exist
8 Button Gwinnett
(1735–1777)
 March 4, 1777
–
May 8, 1777
(left office) 		None —
9 John A. Treutlen
(1734–1782)
 May 8, 1777
–
January 10, 1778
(left office) 		None —
10 John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
 January 10, 1778
–
December 29, 1778
(fled from capture) 		None —
— Competing governments December 29, 1778
–
August 6, 1779 		— Government in
chaos after fall
of Savannah
11 John Wereat
(d. 1799)
 August 6, 1779
–
November 1779
(left office) 		None —
12 George Walton
(d. 1804)
 November 1779
–
January 4, 1780
(left office) 		None —
13 Richard Howly
(1740–1784)
 January 4, 1780
–
February 5, 1780
(left office) 		None —
— George Wells
(d. 1780) 		February 5, 1780
–
February 16, 1780
(died in office) 		None —
14 Stephen Heard
(1740–1815)
 February 18, 1780
–
August 18, 1781
(left office) 		None —
15 Nathan Brownson
(1742–1796)
 August 18, 1781
–
January 3, 1782
(term-limited) 		None 1781
16 John Martin
(d. 1786)
 January 3, 1782
–
January 8, 1783
(term-limited) 		None 1782
17 Lyman Hall
(1724–1790)
 January 8, 1783
–
January 9, 1784
(term-limited) 		None 1783
10 John Houstoun
(1744–1796)
 January 9, 1784
–
January 6, 1785
(term-limited) 		None 1784
18 Samuel Elbert
(1740–1788)
 January 6, 1785
–
January 9, 1786
(term-limited) 		None 1785
19 Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
 January 9, 1786
–
January 9, 1787
(term-limited) 		None 1786
20 George Mathews
(1739–1812)
 January 9, 1787
–
January 26, 1788
(term-limited) 		None 1787
21 George Handley
(1752–1793)
 January 26, 1788
–
January 7, 1789
(term-limited) 		None 1788
12 George Walton
(d. 1804)
 January 7, 1789
–
November 9, 1789
(term-limited) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Jan. 1789
19 Edward Telfair
(1735–1807)
 November 9, 1789
–
November 7, 1793
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Nov. 1789
1791
20 George Mathews
(1739–1812)
 November 7, 1793
–
January 15, 1796
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1793
22 Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
 January 15, 1796
–
January 12, 1798
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1795
23 James Jackson
(1757–1806)
 January 12, 1798
–
March 3, 1801
(resigned) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1797
1799
24 David Emanuel
(1744–1808)
 March 3, 1801
–
November 7, 1801
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
25 Josiah Tattnall
(d. 1803)
 November 7, 1801
–
November 4, 1802
(resigned) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1801
26 John Milledge
(1757–1818)
 November 4, 1802
–
September 23, 1806
(resigned) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1802
(special)
1803
1805
22 Jared Irwin
(1750–1818)
 September 23, 1806
–
November 10, 1809
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
1807
27 David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
 November 10, 1809
–
November 5, 1813
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1809
1811
28 Peter Early
(1773–1817)
 November 5, 1813
–
November 10, 1815
(lost election) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1813
27 David Brydie Mitchell
(1766–1837)
 November 10, 1815
–
March 4, 1817
(resigned) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1815
29 William Rabun
(1771–1819)
 March 4, 1817
–
October 24, 1819
(died in office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
1817
30 Matthew Talbot
(1767–1827)
 October 24, 1819
–
November 5, 1819
(successor took office) 		Democratic-
Republican 		Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
31 John Clark
(1766–1832)
 November 5, 1819
–
November 7, 1823
(did not run) 		Democratic-
Republican 		1819
1821
32 George Troup
(1780–1856)
 November 7, 1823
–
November 7, 1827
(did not run) 		Troup Democratic-
Republican 		1823
1825
33 John Forsyth
(1780–1841)
 November 7, 1827
–
November 4, 1829
(did not run) 		Troup Democratic-
Republican 		1827
34 George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
 November 4, 1829
–
November 9, 1831
(lost election) 		Troup Democratic-
Republican 		1829
35 Wilson Lumpkin
(1783–1870)
 November 9, 1831
–
November 4, 1835
(did not run) 		Union
(Democratic) 		1831
1833
36 William Schley
(1786–1858)
 November 4, 1835
–
November 8, 1837
(lost election) 		Union
(Democratic) 		1835
34 George Rockingham Gilmer
(1790–1859)
 November 8, 1837
–
November 6, 1839
(did not run) 		State Rights
(Whig) 		1837
37 Charles James McDonald
(1793–1860)
 November 6, 1839
–
November 8, 1843
(did not run) 		Union
(Democratic) 		1839
1841
38 George W. Crawford
(1798–1872)
 November 8, 1843
–
November 3, 1847
(did not run) 		Whig 1843
1845
39 George W. Towns
(1801–1854)
 November 3, 1847
–
November 5, 1851
(did not run) 		Democratic 1847
1849
40 Howell Cobb
(1815–1868)
 November 5, 1851
–
November 9, 1853
(did not run) 		Constitutional
Union (Democratic) 		1851
41 Herschel Vespasian Johnson
(1812–1880)
 November 9, 1853
–
November 6, 1857
(did not run) 		Democratic 1853
1855
42 Joseph E. Brown
(1821–1894)
 November 6, 1857
–
June 17, 1865
(resigned) 		Democratic 1857
1859
1861
1863
43 James Johnson
(1811–1891)
 June 17, 1865
–
December 19, 1865
(provisional term ended) 		— Provisional
governor
appointed by
President
44 Charles J. Jenkins
(1805–1883)
 December 14, 1865
–
January 13, 1868
(removed from office) 		Democratic 1865
45 Thomas H. Ruger
(1833–1907)
 January 13, 1868
–
July 4, 1868
(state readmitted) 		— Military
occupation
46 Rufus Bullock
(1834–1907)
 July 4, 1868
–
October 30, 1871
(resigned) 		Republican 1868
47 Benjamin F. Conley
(1815–1886)
 October 30, 1871
–
January 12, 1872
(did not run) 		Republican President of
the Senate
acting
48 James Milton Smith
(1823–1890)
 January 12, 1872
–
January 12, 1877
(did not run) 		Democratic 1871
(special)
1872
49 Alfred H. Colquitt
(1824–1894)
 January 12, 1877
–
November 4, 1882
(did not run) 		Democratic 1876
1880
50 Alexander H. Stephens
(1812–1883)
 November 4, 1882
–
March 4, 1883
(died in office) 		Democratic 1882
51 James S. Boynton
(1833–1902)
 March 4, 1883
–
May 10, 1883
(did not run) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
52 Henry Dickerson McDaniel
(1836–1926)
 May 10, 1883
–
November 9, 1886
(did not run) 		Democratic 1883
(special)
1884
53 John B. Gordon
(1832–1904)
 November 9, 1886
–
November 8, 1890
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1886
1888
54 William J. Northen
(1835–1913)
 November 8, 1890
–
October 27, 1894
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1890
1892
55 William Yates Atkinson
(1854–1899)
 October 27, 1894
–
October 29, 1898
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1894
1896
56 Allen D. Candler
(1834–1910)
 October 29, 1898
–
October 25, 1902
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1898
1900
57 Joseph M. Terrell
(1861–1912)
 October 25, 1902
–
June 29, 1907
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1902
1904
58 M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
 June 29, 1907
–
June 26, 1909
(lost nomination) 		Democratic 1906
59 Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932)
 June 26, 1909
–
July 1, 1911
(lost election) 		Democratic 1908
58 M. Hoke Smith
(1855–1931)
 July 1, 1911
–
November 15, 1911
(resigned) 		Democratic 1910
60 John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
 November 15, 1911
–
January 25, 1912
(did not run) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting
59 Joseph Mackey Brown
(1851–1932) 		January 25, 1912
–
June 28, 1913
(did not run) 		Democratic 1912
(special)
60 John M. Slaton
(1866–1955)
 June 28, 1913
–
June 26, 1915
(did not run) 		Democratic 1912
61 Nathaniel Edwin Harris
(1846–1929)
 June 26, 1915
–
June 30, 1917
(lost nomination) 		Democratic 1914
62 Hugh Dorsey
(1871–1948)
 June 30, 1917
–
June 25, 1921
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1916
1918
63 Thomas W. Hardwick
(1872–1944)
 June 25, 1921
–
June 30, 1923
(lost nomination) 		Democratic 1920
64 Clifford Walker
(1877–1954)
 June 30, 1923
–
June 25, 1927
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1922
1924
65 Lamartine Griffin Hardman
(1856–1937)
 June 25, 1927
–
June 27, 1931
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1926
1928
66 Richard Russell Jr.
(1897–1971)
 June 27, 1931
–
January 10, 1933
(did not run) 		Democratic 1930
67 Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
 January 10, 1933
–
January 12, 1937
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1932
1934
68 Eurith D. Rivers
(1895–1967)
 January 12, 1937
–
January 14, 1941
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1936
1938
67 Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
 January 14, 1941
–
January 12, 1943
(lost nomination) 		Democratic 1940
69 Ellis Arnall
(1907–1992)
 January 12, 1943
–
January 14, 1947
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1942
— Eugene Talmadge
(1884–1946)
 Died before
taking office 		Democratic 1946   Melvin E. Thompson
— Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
 January 14, 1947
–
March 19, 1947
(removed from office) 		Democratic
70 Melvin E. Thompson
(1903–1980)
 March 19, 1947
–
November 17, 1948
(lost nomination) 		Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
71 Herman Talmadge
(1913–2002)
 November 17, 1948
–
January 11, 1955
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1948
(special) 		Marvin Griffin
1950
72 Marvin Griffin
(1907–1982)
 January 11, 1955
–
January 13, 1959
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1954 Ernest Vandiver
73 Ernest Vandiver
(1918–2005)
 January 13, 1959
–
January 15, 1963
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1958 Garland T. Byrd
74 Carl Sanders
(1925–2014)
 January 15, 1963
–
January 11, 1967
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1962 Peter Zack Geer
75 Lester Maddox
(1915–2003)
 January 11, 1967
–
January 12, 1971
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1966 George T. Smith
76 Jimmy Carter
(b. 1924)
 January 12, 1971
–
January 14, 1975
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1970 Lester Maddox
77 George Busbee
(1927–2004)
 January 14, 1975
–
January 11, 1983
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1974 Zell Miller
1978
78 Joe Frank Harris
(b. 1936)
 January 11, 1983
–
January 14, 1991
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1982
1986
79 Zell Miller
(1932–2018)
 January 14, 1991
–
January 11, 1999
(term-limited) 		Democratic 1990 Pierre Howard
1994
80 Roy Barnes
(b. 1948)
 January 11, 1999
–
January 13, 2003
(lost election) 		Democratic 1998 Mark Taylor
81 Sonny Perdue
(b. 1946)
 January 13, 2003
–
January 10, 2011
(term-limited) 		Republican 2002
2006 Casey Cagle
82 Nathan Deal
(b. 1942)
 January 10, 2011
–
January 14, 2019
(term-limited) 		Republican 2010
2014
83 Brian Kemp
(b. 1963)
 January 14, 2019
–
Incumbent 		Republican 2018 Geoff Duncan
2022 Burt Jones

See also

Notes

  1. The state says Brian Kemp is the 83rd governor; this number is derived from the Official and Statistical Register of Georgia, last published by the Office of Secretary of State in 1978. It continues the numbering from the colonial governors and omits repeat governors, thus marking Archibald Bulloch as 7th and George Busbee as 77th.
  2. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1945, first being filled in 1947.
  3. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  4. The revolutionary government did not necessarily follow any schedule or term lengths, so the election year is omitted until 1781, when it becomes easier to determine.
  5. ^ No sources specify if the governor stood for election to the following term.
  6. As speaker of the provincial Congress, Gwinnett was elected by the Council of Safety to succeed Bulloch.
  7. The date given is the capture of Savannah, where the New Georgia Encyclopedia says his last official act as governor was to flee.
  8. The capture of Savannah threw the government into disarray and exile, and records are scarce as to dates and leadership. William Glascock (elected January 21, 1779) and Seth John Cuthbert (elected July 24, 1779), while often included in lists of governors, are omitted from the official state register. A school pamphlet from 1977 notes, "This confusing situation resulted in a number of radical Whigs, mainly from Wilkes County, organizing a second government with George Walton as governor and Glascock as speaker of the assembly. ... As a result of this makeshift election, there were two Whig governments plus the restored loyalist government."
  9. Howly had also been elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress, and the Council voted on February 5 that he must take that seat.
  10. George Wells succeeded Howly, but was killed in a duel on February 16, 1780; he is omitted from nearly every list of governors, including the official register.
  11. Some sources say Myrick Davies served as governor in August 1780, but he is omitted from the official state register and it is unknown if this was in an acting fashion.
  12. The official register says Heard took office on February 18, 1870; an article from 1967 says Humphrey Wells was elected governor on February 16, but declined two days later. Other sources, including the New Georgia Encyclopedia, say Heard did not take office until May 24.
  13. James Jackson was elected in 1788, but declined the position, citing inexperience.
  14. First term under the 1789 constitution, which lengthened terms to two years.
  15. Jackson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  16. Tattnall resigned due to declining health.
  17. Milledge resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  18. Special election for the remainder of Josiah Tattnall's term
  19. Mitchell resigned to be apppointed agent to the Creek Indians.
  20. Not to be confused with Constitutional Union Party of 1860, the Constitutional Union Party of Georgia was a brief merger of the Democratic and Whig state parties.
  21. Brown resigned following the defeat of the Confederate States of America. One source states Brown left office on June 25, which could make sense as it would take several days for news of Johnson's appointment to reach Georgia. However, this source has not been corroborated.
  22. Johnson left office on December 19, five days after his successor was sworn in.
  23. Johnson was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation.
  24. Jenkins was removed from office by the military because he refused to allow state funds to be used for a racially integrated state constitutional convention; the state was still under military occupation during Reconstruction.
  25. Provisional governor appointed by General George Meade
  26. Bullock was appointed governor on July 4 by General George Meade to replace Ruger, who was being removed; however, Bullock had already won the election, and would be formally inaugurated into the post on July 21.
  27. Bullock resigned and fled the state to avoid impeachment; he was arrested in 1876 and found not guilty of embezzlement. Some sources state Bullock resigned on October 23, but that is when he secretly submitted his resignation; it did not take effect until October 30.
  28. First term under the 1868 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.
  29. Special election for the remainder of Rufus Bullock's term
  30. First term under the 1877 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.
  31. Stephens died on March 4, and Boynton was sworn in on March 5.
  32. McDaniel's first term was shortened, so it is not known if he can be considered term-limited.
  33. Special election for the remainder of Alexander Stephens' term
  34. The start of a gubernatorial term has always been set by the legislature, rather than the constitution; it appears the start of this term changed from the last Saturday in October to the last Saturday in June, lengthening it by eight months.
  35. Smith lost the Democratic nomination to Joseph Mackey Brown.
  36. Brown lost the Democratic nomination to M. Hoke Smith, and ran as an independent.
  37. Smith resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  38. Smith resigned on November 15, and Slaton was sworn in on November 16; at least one contemporary news source regarded this as a vacancy rather than an automatic succeesion.
  39. Special election for the remainder of Hoke Smith's term
  40. Harris lost the Democratic nomination to Hugh Dorsey.
  41. Hardwick lost the Democratic nomination to Clifford Walker.
  42. The start of the term changed from the last Saturday in June to the second Tuesday in January, shortening this term by five months.
  43. Talmadge lost the Democratic nomination to Ellis Arnall.
  44. First term under a 1941 amendment to the constitution which lengthened terms to four years.
  45. ^ Eugene Talmadge was elected to a third term in 1946, but died before taking office. Ellis Arnall, governor at the time, claimed the office, as did Lieutenant Governor Melvin Thompson. The state legislature chose Eugene Talmadge's son, Herman Talmadge, to be governor, but during what came to be called the three governors controversy, the state supreme court declared this unconstitutional and declared Thompson rightful governor, and Talmadge stepped down after 67 days. Talmadge later defeated Thompson in a special election.
  46. Thompson lost the Democratic nomination to Herman Talmadge.
  47. Represented the Democratic Party
  48. Kemp's second term began on January 9, 2023, and will expire January 11, 2027; he will be term-limited

References

General

Constitutions

Specific

  1. "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia; January 2, 1788". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on December 20, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  2. "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  3. Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America Archived August 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 8, 2015
  4. Meyers, Christopher C. (2008). The Empire State of the South. Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-88146-111-4. Archived from the original on May 21, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  5. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Georgia (United States)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 751–758, see page 757.
  6. 16 Stat. 363
  7. 1776 Const. art. I
  8. 1777 Const. art. XXIII
  9. 1789 Const. art. II, § 1
  10. 1865 Const. art III, § 1
  11. 1868 Const. art. IV, § 1
  12. 1877 Const. art V, § 1
  13. 1945 Const. art. V, § 1
  14. ^ GA Const. art. V, § 1
  15. 1777 Const. art. XXIX
  16. 1789 Const. art. II, § 4
  17. "Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1977-78". Georgia Department of Archives and History. 1978. pp. 1145–1149. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  18. "Archibald Bulloch". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  19. Schmidt, Jim (January 23, 2019). "Archibald Bulloch". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  20. ^ "Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1989-90". Georgia Department of Archives and History. 1990. pp. 199–207. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  21. ^ "Button Gwinnett". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  22. Deaton, Stan (August 1, 2019). "Button Gwinnett". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  23. "John Adam Treutlen". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  24. Schmidt, Jim (February 21, 2018). "John Adam Treutlen". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  25. ^ "John Houstoun". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  26. ^ Schmidt, Jim (December 10, 2019). "John Houstoun". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  27. Autobiography of a Colony: The First Half-Century of Augusta, Georgia. University of Georgia Press. 2009. p. 127. ISBN 9780820334424. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  28. "Political Changes in Georgia 1775-1787" (PDF). Georgia Department of Education. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  29. "John Wereat". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  30. Lamplugh, George R. (September 15, 2014). "John Wereat". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  31. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 279–280.
  32. ^ "George Walton". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  33. ^ Deaton, Stan (February 21, 2018). "George Walton". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  34. "Richard Howly". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  35. ^ Cashin, Edward J. (1974). "'The Famous Colonel Wells': Factionalism in Revolutionary Georgia". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 58 (Supplement): 151. JSTOR 40579633.
  36. ^ Ouzts, Clay (October 28, 2016). "Stephen Heard". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  37. ^ "Stephen Heard". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  38. Woodall, W. C. (January 16, 1967). "In Sixty Days, Four Governors!". The Columbus Ledger. p. 13. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  39. "Nathan Brownson". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  40. Schmidt, Jim (September 16, 2014). "Nathan Brownson". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  41. "John Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  42. Schmidt, Jim (September 15, 2014). "John Martin". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  43. "Lyman Hall". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  44. Deaton, Stan (February 21, 2018). "Lyman Hall". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  45. "Samuel Elbert". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  46. Diamond, Beryl I. (September 17, 2014). "Samuel Elbert". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  47. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 280.
  48. ^ "Edward Telfair". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  49. ^ Johnson, Charles J. (May 16, 2015). "Edward Telfair". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
  50. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 281.
  51. ^ "George Mathews". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 20, 2023.
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