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| </ref> <ref> </ref> <ref> </ref> ] blaimed several companies, including ], ] and ], of collusion with the Chinese authorities to restrict access to information over the Internet and identify ]s. <ref> </ref> | </ref> <ref> </ref> <ref> </ref> ] blaimed several companies, including ], ] and ], of collusion with the Chinese authorities to restrict access to information over the Internet and identify ]s. <ref> </ref> | ||
| ==Russia== | |||
| It was claimed that ] organized teams of people who work in the ] to disseminate ], conduct ], and prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects by ] and ] ]s | |||
| <ref name="Bagryansky"> by ] and Vladimur Bagryansky, publication of ] </ref>. This phenomenon has been discovered in ] by a group of ]s led of Anna Polyanskaya <ref> </ref>, a former assistant to the Russian politician ] <ref> by Anna Polyanskaya </ref> | |||
| They found the appearance of organized and fairly professional “Squads”, composed of ideologically and methodologically identical personalities, who work in practically every popular ] and pro-] blogs and internet newspapers of ] in Russian ]. Troll squads appeared suddenly on Russian language forums only in ]. They have been presumably organized by Russian ] service, main successor of ] <ref name="Bagryansky"/> <ref name="Polyanskaya"> and by </ref> | |||
| <ref> by Anna Polyanskaya, Andrei Krivov, and Ivan Lomko </ref> | |||
| Polish newspaper ] also claimed that "at least a dozen of active Russian agents work in Poland, also investigating Polish internet. Not only do they scrutinize polish websites (like those supporting Byelorussian opposition), but also perform such actions, as – for instance – contributing to internet forums on large portals (like Gazeta.pl, Onet.pl, WP.pl). Labelled as Polish Internet users, they incite anti-Semitic or anti-Ukrainian discussions or disavow articles published on the web." <ref name="Tygodnik"> , ], 13/2005 </ref> | |||
| According to psychologist Vladimur Bagryansky and writer ], the activities of ] Internet squads as a typical ] and a form of ] that has been designed by FSB to control "open" ] that can not yet be closed by Russian government. <ref name="Bagryansky"/>. ] even wrote a fiction story to discuss moral problems of attacking bloggers by the governmental agents <ref name="Svirsky>" ] </ref> He wrote: ''"It seems that offending, betraying, or even "murdering" people in the virtual space is easy. This is like killing an enemy in a video game: one do not see a disfigured body or eyes of the person who is dying right in front of you. However, human soul lives by its own fundamental laws that force it to pay the price for the "virtual crime" in the very real life"''. <ref name="Bagryansky"/> | |||
| ==Tunisia== | ==Tunisia== | ||
Revision as of 04:32, 27 March 2007
Persecution of political bloggers is the political repression of bloggers for their ideas and views expressed in the Internet. The persecution is usually conducted by state authorities or security services and may include harassment, intimidation, judicial prosecution, or extrajudicial punishment.
Along with development of the Internet, state authorities in many parts of the world are moving forward to install mass surveillance of the electronic communications, establish Internet censorship to limit the flow of information, and persecute individuals and groups who express “inconvenient” political views in the Internet. In liberal democracies the right to criticize the government without interference is considered an important element of free speech. However in regions where print and broadcast media are tightly controlled,the anonymous online postings may be the only source of information about the experiences, feelings, and opinions of ordinary citizens.
Many cyber-dissidents have found themselves persecuted for attempts to bypass state controlled news media. Reporters Without Borders has released a Handbook For Bloggers and Cyber-Dissidents and maintains a roster of currently imprisoned cyber-dissidents. The Committee to Protect Bloggers has been created
Iran
Mohamad Reza Nasab Abdolahi was imprisoned for published an open letter to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. His pregnant wife and other bloggers who commented on the arrest were imprisoned too.
Egypt
Several bloggers in Egypt are arrested for allegedly defaming the president Hosni Mubarak or expressing critical views about Islam Blogger Karim Amer has been convicted to four years of prison .
China
Main article: Internet censorship in the People's Republic of ChinaPersecution of political bloggers is very common in mainland China. Amnesty International blaimed several companies, including Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, of collusion with the Chinese authorities to restrict access to information over the Internet and identify cyber-dissidents.
Russia
It was claimed that FSB organized teams of people who work in the Internet to disseminate disinformation, conduct astroturfing, and prevent free discussion of undesirable subjects by harassing and intimidating political bloggers . This phenomenon has been discovered in RuNet by a group of investigative journalists led of Anna Polyanskaya , a former assistant to the Russian politician Galina Starovoitova They found the appearance of organized and fairly professional “Squads”, composed of ideologically and methodologically identical personalities, who work in practically every popular liberal and pro-democracy blogs and internet newspapers of RuNet in Russian blogosphere. Troll squads appeared suddenly on Russian language forums only in 1999. They have been presumably organized by Russian FSB service, main successor of KGB
Polish newspaper Tygodnik Powszechny also claimed that "at least a dozen of active Russian agents work in Poland, also investigating Polish internet. Not only do they scrutinize polish websites (like those supporting Byelorussian opposition), but also perform such actions, as – for instance – contributing to internet forums on large portals (like Gazeta.pl, Onet.pl, WP.pl). Labelled as Polish Internet users, they incite anti-Semitic or anti-Ukrainian discussions or disavow articles published on the web."
According to psychologist Vladimur Bagryansky and writer Grigory Svirsky, the activities of FSB Internet squads as a typical active measure and a form of internet censorship that has been designed by FSB to control "open" blogs that can not yet be closed by Russian government. . Grigory Svirsky even wrote a fiction story to discuss moral problems of attacking bloggers by the governmental agents He wrote: "It seems that offending, betraying, or even "murdering" people in the virtual space is easy. This is like killing an enemy in a video game: one do not see a disfigured body or eyes of the person who is dying right in front of you. However, human soul lives by its own fundamental laws that force it to pay the price for the "virtual crime" in the very real life".
Tunisia
Lawyer and human rights defender Mohammed Abbou was imprisoned for criticizing torture on a web site.
Vietnam
Nguyen Vu Binh was imprisoned for writing about violations of human rights, and Truong Quoc Huy was arrested for discussing political reforms in Internet chat room
References
- Connor, A. (2005), Not just critics, BBC News, 20th June 2005. Retrieved on 29th November 2006.
- Egypt arrests another blog critic, BBC News, 20th November 2006. Retrieved on 29th November 2006.
- War of the words
- China's Hu vows to "purify" Internet
- China's secret internet police target critics with web of propaganda
- China's Web Watchers - Matthew Forney
- Image of Internet police: JingJing and Chacha online
- Ｗho are China's Top Internet Cops?
- Amnesty International joins multi stakeholder initiative on internet and human rights
- ^ Eye for an eye (Russian) by Grigory Svirsky and Vladimur Bagryansky, publication of Russian Center for Extreme Journalism
- Articles by Anna Polyanskaya, MAOF publishing group
- They are killing Galina Starovoitova for the second time (Russian) by Anna Polyanskaya
- FSB brigades in the Internet (Russian) and English translation by La Russophobe
- Commissars of the Internet. The FSB at the Computer. by Anna Polyanskaya, Andrei Krivov, and Ivan Lomko
- Operation "Disinformation" - The Russian Foreign Office vs "Tygodnik Powszechny", Tygodnik Powszechny, 13/2005
- " Grigory Svirsky Anastasya. A story on-line (Full text in Russian)
- Two years behind Tunisian bars for speaking out Statement by Amnesty International
- Free Vietnamese Internet dissidents!, Statement by Amnesty International
External links
- The Internet and Human Rights by Amnesty International
- Today, our chance to fight a new hi-tech tyranny by Guardian Unlimited