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| The '''First Fleet''' is the name given to the group of people and ships who sailed from England in May 1787 to establish the first European colony in ]. It was a convict settlement, led by Captain (later Admiral) ]. | |||
| The '''First Fleet''' was the ] of ]s that brought the original ]s and ]s to ] from ]. Captain ] led the fleet out of ], ] on ], ], with eleven ships full of convicts to establish a ] in ]. On ], ], they established the first ] settlement on the continent at ] (now the site of the city of ]) in ] after Phillip decided that ] was not suitable for settlement due to a lack of fresh water. The first fleet consisted of the following ships: | |||
| ===Background to the settlement=== | |||
| ===People of the First Fleet=== | |||
| The number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will probably never be exactly established, and all accounts of the event vary slightly. | |||
| Gillen (see Further Reading below, p.445) gives the following statistics: | |||
| Category Embarked at Portsmouth Landed at Port Jackson | |||
| Male Female Male Female | |||
| Officials and passengers 12 3 12 2 | |||
| Ships' crews 323 306 | |||
| Marines 247 245 | |||
| Marines' wives 32 31 | |||
| Marines' children embarked 8 6 8 6 | |||
| Marines' children born 6 3 | |||
| Convicts 582 193 543 189 | |||
| Convicts children embarked 7 7 4 7 | |||
| Convicts' children born 7 4 | |||
| Totals 1179 241 1131 242 | |||
| Total persons 1420 1373 | |||
| During the voyage there were 22 births (13 males, 9 females), while 69 people either died, were discharged, or deserted (61 males and 8 females). As no complete crew musters have survived for the six transports and three storeships, there may have been as many as 110 more seamen. | |||
| Some of the notable First Fleet members were: | |||
| '''Officials''' | |||
| * ], surveyor | |||
| * ], chaplain | |||
| '''Crew members''' who remained in the colony | |||
| * ], governor | |||
| * ], 2nd lieutenant, later lieutenant governor of Norfolk Island, and 3rd governor of the colony | |||
| * ], captain of '']'', later 2nd governor of the colony | |||
| * ], captain of '']'' | |||
| * ], principal surgeon | |||
| * ], assistant surgeon, later settler | |||
| * ], assistant surgeon, later principal surgeon | |||
| * ], assistant surgeon, author of journal | |||
| * ], assistant surgeon | |||
| * ], surgeon's mate | |||
| * ], clerk to Phillip, provost marshall, administrator | |||
| * Quartermaster ], settler, explorer | |||
| '''Marines''' | |||
| * Major ], commander, later lieutenant governor of Norfolk Island | |||
| * 2nd Lieutenant ], author of journal | |||
| * Captain ], judge advocate, later commandant of first settlement at ] | |||
| * Lieutenant ], engineer, surveyor, humanitarian | |||
| * Lieutenant ], later commander of NSW Corps | |||
| * Captain ], author of journal | |||
| * Lieutenant ], author of journal, water colourist | |||
| '''Convicts''' | |||
| * ], de facto relationship with Philip Gidley King | |||
| * ], de facto relationship with William Balmain | |||
| * ], partner and wife of George Johnston | |||
| * ] and ], escapees from colony | |||
| * ], farmer and landowner | |||
| * ], carpenter, mill owner, attacked by NSW Corps | |||
| * ], landowner at Norfolk Island and Van Diemen's Land | |||
| * ], landowner | |||
| * ] and ], pioneer family | |||
| * ] and ], pioneer family | |||
| * ], constable, landowner | |||
| * ], Madagascan, absconder | |||
| * ], landowner | |||
| * ] and ], pioneer family | |||
| * ], theatre owner, landholder | |||
| Many other convicts made significant contributions to the early years of the colony, but few are remembered today, except by their descendants. | |||
| ===Ships of the First Fleet=== | |||
| There were eleven ships in the fleet, namely: | |||
| '''Naval escorts''': | '''Naval escorts''': | ||
| Line 16: | Line 94: | ||
| * '']'' | * '']'' | ||
| ⚫ | ''See also:'' | ||
| ===Preparation for the voyage=== | |||
| ===The voyage=== | |||
| ===Arrival at New South Wales=== | |||
| ===Further reading=== | |||
| ===Related sites=== | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ⚫ | ''See also:'' | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 02:09, 3 April 2005
The First Fleet is the name given to the group of people and ships who sailed from England in May 1787 to establish the first European colony in New South Wales. It was a convict settlement, led by Captain (later Admiral) Arthur Phillip.
Background to the settlement
People of the First Fleet
The number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will probably never be exactly established, and all accounts of the event vary slightly.
Gillen (see Further Reading below, p.445) gives the following statistics:
Category Embarked at Portsmouth Landed at Port Jackson Male Female Male Female Officials and passengers 12 3 12 2 Ships' crews 323 306 Marines 247 245 Marines' wives 32 31 Marines' children embarked 8 6 8 6 Marines' children born 6 3 Convicts 582 193 543 189 Convicts children embarked 7 7 4 7 Convicts' children born 7 4 Totals 1179 241 1131 242 Total persons 1420 1373
During the voyage there were 22 births (13 males, 9 females), while 69 people either died, were discharged, or deserted (61 males and 8 females). As no complete crew musters have survived for the six transports and three storeships, there may have been as many as 110 more seamen.
Some of the notable First Fleet members were:
Officials
- Augustus Alt, surveyor
- Richard Johnson, chaplain
Crew members who remained in the colony
- Arthur Phillip, governor
- King, Philip Gidley, 2nd lieutenant, later lieutenant governor of Norfolk Island, and 3rd governor of the colony
- John Hunter, captain of HMS Sirius, later 2nd governor of the colony
- Henry Lidgbird Ball, captain of HMS Supply
- John White, principal surgeon
- Thomas Arndell, assistant surgeon, later settler
- William Balmain, assistant surgeon, later principal surgeon
- Arthur Bowes Smyth, assistant surgeon, author of journal
- Dennis Considen, assistant surgeon
- Thomas Jamison, surgeon's mate
- Henry Brewer, clerk to Phillip, provost marshall, administrator
- Quartermaster Henry Hacking, settler, explorer
Marines
- Major Robert Ross, commander, later lieutenant governor of Norfolk Island
- 2nd Lieutenant Ralph Clark, author of journal
- Captain David Collins, judge advocate, later commandant of first settlement at Hobart
- Lieutenant William Dawes, engineer, surveyor, humanitarian
- Lieutenant George Johnston, later commander of NSW Corps
- Captain Watkin Tench, author of journal
- Lieutenant William Bradley, author of journal, water colourist
Convicts
- Ann Inett, de facto relationship with Philip Gidley King
- Margaret Dawson, de facto relationship with William Balmain
- Esther Abrahams, partner and wife of George Johnston
- Mary Braund and William Bryant, escapees from colony
- James Ruse, farmer and landowner
- John Baughan, carpenter, mill owner, attacked by NSW Corps
- Jacob Bellett, landowner at Norfolk Island and Van Diemen's Land
- Matthew James Everingham, landowner
- Edward Garth and Susannah Gough/Garth, pioneer family
- Nathaniel Lucas and Olive Gascoigne, pioneer family
- Henry Kable/Cabell, constable, landowner
- John Caesar, Madagascan, absconder
- Joshua Peck, landowner
- Charles Peat and Ann Mullins, pioneer family
- Robert Sidaway, theatre owner, landholder
Many other convicts made significant contributions to the early years of the colony, but few are remembered today, except by their descendants.
Ships of the First Fleet
There were eleven ships in the fleet, namely:
Naval escorts:
Convict transports
Storeships
Preparation for the voyage
The voyage
Arrival at New South Wales
Further reading
Related sites
See also: