| Revision as of 11:31, 15 April 2023 editRenamed user g5s6n3yi8z7g08cs (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users105,942 edits ←Redirected page to PeranakansTag: New redirect← Previous edit | Revision as of 11:58, 27 December 2023 edit undoMegat Lanang (talk | contribs)71 edits Real Baba NyonyaTags: Removed redirect Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit → | ||
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| {{Short description|Chinese-descended ethnic group of Southeast Asia}} | |||
| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| {{About|Peranakans with Chinese ancestry|Peranakans with Indian ancestry|Chitty|Peranakans with Eurasian ancestry|Kristang people{{!}}Kristang|Peranakan Muslims of Indian, Malay and Arab descent|Jawi Peranakan}} | |||
| {{EngvarB|date=April 2015}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} | |||
| {{Infobox ethnic group | |||
| | group = Chinese Peranakan | |||
| | native_name = 峇峇娘惹<br/>''Baba Nyonya'' | |||
| | image = ] | |||
| | caption = A photograph of Peranakan wedding couple – Chung Guat Hooi, the daughter of Kapitan ] and Khoo Soo Beow, the son of Khoo Heng Pan, both of Penang – from a museum in ] | |||
| | population = 8,000,000+ (estimates)<ref name="thejakartapost">{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/05/26/chinese-indonesians-can039t-be-put-boxes.html|title=Chinese Indonesians can't be put in boxes|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=26 May 2008|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114454/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/05/26/chinese-indonesians-can039t-be-put-boxes.html|archive-date=25 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| | popplace = ], ], ],<ref name="theperanakansourcelibrary">{{cite web|author=Peranakan Publications|url=http://peranakan.hostoi.com/IndonesiaPeranakans.htm|title=Tionghua Indonesian Chinese Peranakans|publisher=Peranakan.hostoi.com|access-date=10 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606155159/http://peranakan.hostoi.com/IndonesiaPeranakans.htm|archive-date=6 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> ]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forbes |first=Andrew |title=Phuket's Peranakan Community |url=https://www.cpamedia.com/article.php?pg=features&aid=120619144240 |website=CPA Media |language=en}}</ref> | |||
| | langs = ] and other ], ] and other ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| | rels = '''Majority:'''<br>], ], ], ] <br> '''Minority:''' ] | |||
| | related = ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Infobox Chinese | |||
| | c = 峇峇娘惹 | |||
| | p = Bābā-niángrě | |||
| | poj = Bā-bā-nō͘-niâ | |||
| | j = | |||
| | mi = | |||
| | ci = | |||
| | msa = Baba Nyonya / Cina Selat / Tionghoa-Selat / Kiau-Seng | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Chinese Peranakan''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|n|ə|ˌ|k|ɑː|n|,_|-|k|ən}}) or Baba Nyonya are an ] defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of ] settlers to ], known as ] ({{zh|c=南洋|p=nán yáng|l=Southern Ocean}}), namely the ] ports in the ] and the ], as well as ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forvo.com/word/peranakan/#ms|title=Peranakan|access-date=15 January 2020|website=Forvo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 July 2019|title=Scientists in Singapore complete DNA study on Peranakans|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eEwDk630sI|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116020142/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eEwDk630sI|archive-date=16 January 2020|access-date=16 January 2020|website=Youtube}}</ref> Peranakan culture, especially in the dominant Peranakan centres of ], ], ], ] and ], is characterized by its unique hybridization of ancient Chinese culture with the local cultures of the ] region, the result of a centuries-long history of ] and ]. | |||
| Immigrants from the southern provinces of China arrived in significant numbers in the region between the 14th and 17th centuries, taking abode in the Malay Peninsula (where their descendants in Malacca, Singapore and Penang are referred to as '''Baba–Nyonya'''); the Indonesian Archipelago (where their descendants are referred to as '''Kiau–Seng''');<ref>{{cite book|author=Remy Sylado|title=Sam Po Kong: Perjalanan Pertama|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|year=2004|isbn=978-979-22-0685-2}}</ref> and ], primarily in ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="D'Oliveiro">{{Cite web|last=D'Oliveiro|first=Michael|date=31 March 2007|title=The Peranakan Trail|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/3/31/lifefocus/17061503&sec=lifefocus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905005849/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F3%2F31%2Flifefocus%2F17061503&sec=lifefocus|archive-date=5 September 2012|website=The Star Online|language=en}}</ref><ref name="West, Barbara A. 2009 657">{{cite book|author=West, Barbara A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC&q=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania|title=Encyclopedia Of The Peoples Of Asia And Oceania|publisher=Facts On File|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8160-7109-8|page=657}}</ref> Intermarriage between these Chinese settlers and their ], ], ] or other predecessors in the region contributed to the emergence of a distinctive hybrid culture and ostensible ] differences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Peranakan|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peranakan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002043952/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peranakan|archive-date=2 October 2019|access-date=14 January 2020|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="Mixed">{{Cite book|last=Pue|first=Giok Hun|title=Mixed Race in Asia: Past, Present and Future|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|editor-last=Rocha|editor-first=Zarine L.|location=London|pages=147–161|chapter=‘Our Chinese’: the mixedness of Peranakan Chinese identities in Kelantan, Malaysia}}</ref> | |||
| The Peranakans are considered a ] community, with the caveat that individual family histories vary widely and likewise self-identification with multiracialism as opposed to Chineseness varies widely.<ref name="Mixed" /><ref name="Chia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/peranakan-chinese-malay-identity-singapore-bicentennial-10745232|title=I am Peranakan, not Chinese|date=7 October 2018|access-date=14 January 2020|website=Channel News Asia|last=Chia|first=Josephine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126060621/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/peranakan-chinese-malay-identity-singapore-bicentennial-10745232|archive-date=26 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Malay/Indonesian phrase "orang Cina bukan Cina" ("a not-Chinese Chinese person")<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peranakans|url=http://babanyonyamuseum.com/the-peranakans/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112062658/http://babanyonyamuseum.com/the-peranakans/|archive-date=12 January 2020|access-date=16 January 2020|website=Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum, Malacca}}</ref> encapsulates the complex relationship between Peranakan identity and Chinese identity. The particularities of genealogy and the unique syncretic culture are the main features that distinguish the Peranakan from descendants of later waves of Chinese immigrants to the region. | |||
Revision as of 11:58, 27 December 2023
Chinese-descended ethnic group of Southeast Asia This redirect is about Peranakans with Chinese ancestry. For Peranakans with Indian ancestry, see Chitty. For Peranakans with Eurasian ancestry, see Kristang. For Peranakan Muslims of Indian, Malay and Arab descent, see Jawi Peranakan.Ethnic group
| 峇峇娘惹 Baba Nyonya | |
|---|---|
 A photograph of Peranakan wedding couple – Chung Guat Hooi, the daughter of Kapitan Chung Thye Phin and Khoo Soo Beow, the son of Khoo Heng Pan, both of Penang – from a museum in Penang | |
| Total population | |
| 8,000,000+ (estimates) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand | |
| Languages | |
| Baba Malay and other varieties of Malay, Penang Hokkien and other varieties of Chinese, Indonesian, Sundanese, Javanese, Betawi, Southern Thai, English, Dutch | |
| Religion | |
| Majority: Mahayana Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism Minority: Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Chinese diaspora, Benteng people, Bangka Island Peranakan Chinese, Malaysian Chinese, Thai Chinese, Chinese Singaporeans, Chinese Indonesians. |
| Baba Nyonya | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 峇峇娘惹 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Malay name | |||||||||||
| Malay | Baba Nyonya / Cina Selat / Tionghoa-Selat / Kiau-Seng | ||||||||||
The Chinese Peranakan (/pəˈrɑːnəˌkɑːn, -kən/) or Baba Nyonya are an ethnic group defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of Southern Chinese settlers to maritime Southeast Asia, known as Nanyang (Chinese: 南洋; pinyin: nán yáng; lit. 'Southern Ocean'), namely the British Colonial ruled ports in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago, as well as Singapore. Peranakan culture, especially in the dominant Peranakan centres of Malacca, Singapore, Penang, Phuket and Tangerang, is characterized by its unique hybridization of ancient Chinese culture with the local cultures of the Nusantara region, the result of a centuries-long history of transculturation and interracial marriage.
Immigrants from the southern provinces of China arrived in significant numbers in the region between the 14th and 17th centuries, taking abode in the Malay Peninsula (where their descendants in Malacca, Singapore and Penang are referred to as Baba–Nyonya); the Indonesian Archipelago (where their descendants are referred to as Kiau–Seng); and Southern Thailand, primarily in Phuket, Trang, Phang Nga, Takua Pa and Ranong. Intermarriage between these Chinese settlers and their Malay, Thai, Javanese or other predecessors in the region contributed to the emergence of a distinctive hybrid culture and ostensible phenotypic differences.
The Peranakans are considered a multiracial community, with the caveat that individual family histories vary widely and likewise self-identification with multiracialism as opposed to Chineseness varies widely. The Malay/Indonesian phrase "orang Cina bukan Cina" ("a not-Chinese Chinese person") encapsulates the complex relationship between Peranakan identity and Chinese identity. The particularities of genealogy and the unique syncretic culture are the main features that distinguish the Peranakan from descendants of later waves of Chinese immigrants to the region.
- "Chinese Indonesians can't be put in boxes". The Jakarta Post. 26 May 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- Peranakan Publications. "Tionghua Indonesian Chinese Peranakans". Peranakan.hostoi.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- Forbes, Andrew. "Phuket's Peranakan Community". CPA Media.
- "Peranakan". Forvo. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- "Scientists in Singapore complete DNA study on Peranakans". Youtube. 15 July 2019. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- Remy Sylado (2004). Sam Po Kong: Perjalanan Pertama. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 978-979-22-0685-2.
- D'Oliveiro, Michael (31 March 2007). "The Peranakan Trail". The Star Online. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012.
- West, Barbara A. (2009). Encyclopedia Of The Peoples Of Asia And Oceania. Facts On File. p. 657. ISBN 978-0-8160-7109-8.
- "Peranakan". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
- ^ Pue, Giok Hun (2017). "'Our Chinese': the mixedness of Peranakan Chinese identities in Kelantan, Malaysia". In Rocha, Zarine L. (ed.). Mixed Race in Asia: Past, Present and Future. London: Routledge. pp. 147–161.
- Chia, Josephine (7 October 2018). "I am Peranakan, not Chinese". Channel News Asia. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
- "Peranakans". Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum, Malacca. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.