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Narendra Modi
Chief Minister of Gujarat
Constituency	Maninagar
Personal details
Born	September 17, 1950 Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Gujarat, India
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party
Residence(s)	Gandhinagar, Gujarat
As of June 18, 2006Source: Government of Gujarat

Narendra Dāmodardās Modī (Gujarātī: નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી, born September 17, 1950) has been the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Gujarat since October 7, 2001.

He was born in Vadnagar, a town in the northern Mehsana district of Gujarat, to a middle-class Hindu family belonging to the "Ghanchi" OBC community. As a young man, he joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He became a full-time worker and organiser for it, and was later nominated by it to be a representative on the Bharatiya Janata Party.

He participated in the rise to political dominance of the Bharatiya Janata Party in Gujarat as its elections organiser in the early 1990s, a period which led to its election in 1995. He became Gujarat's Chief Minister in October 2001, promoted to that office when his predecessor Keshubhai Patel resigned, following the defeat of the BJP in by-elections.

He won re-election in December 2002 as chief minister with 126 seats in the 182-member assembly. He enjoys a wide popularity base among the wider electorate in Gujarat.

Biography

He joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in the year 1974 and was involved in the anti-corruption New Beginning Movement. He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in the early 1980s. He helped maintain the relations between the RSS and the BJP. In 1988 he became the General Secretary of the Gujarat State BJP unit. He is believed to be a protégé of Lal Krishna Advani, who is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party himself. Advani has praised Modi on numerous occasions, referring to him as "a leader who, after being subjected to a malicious and prolonged campaign of vilification, has been able to impress even his critics with his determination, single-minded focus, integrity and a wide array of achievements in a relatively short time".

He was believed to be a back-room operator for the political party in the beginning, but during the elections he portrayed himself as a pro-Hindu leader and campaigned on a platform of Hindutva.

In 1995 he was made the National Secretary of the party, in charge of five major states in India.

In October 2001, he was asked by the party to head the government in Gujarat. In 2001, Gujarat was facing problems because of several natural calamities having struck in the preceding years, including the massive Gujarat Earthquake in January 2001. Modi re-organised the government's administrative structure and embarked upon a massive cost-cutting exercise in order to compensate for economic losses. During his administration, Gujarat registered a GDP growth rate of over 10%, the highest growth rate among all the states in India. However, opposition parties, notably the Congress have accused Modi's Government of failing to ensure that the quake-affected get timely relief and rehabilitation measures.

The Gujarat government credits Modi with reducing the fiscal deficit of the state exchequer by fifty percent and reducing the losses of the Gujarat State Electricity Board. He has increased the availability of electricity in many parts of rural Gujarat. One of the most significant achievements of his government has been successful raising of the height of the Narmada Dam from 95 to 110.64 metres, which resulted in increased irrigation, water supplies and hydroelectric power .

India Today has awarded him the best chief minister twice in three years. Apart from the controversy that he always generated due to his staunch support of Hindutva, he is also regarded as one of the best political administrator that India has ever seen.

Modi is considered front-runner in party's leadership among the next generation of politicians. A section of society calls him "Chhotte Sardar" the next Sardar Patel who is most distinguished politician from Gujarat-State who is the architect of India with immeccable contribution to India's freedon movement.

Gujarat violence

In February 2002, when Narendra Modi was the Chief Minister of Gujarat, violence broke out across the state claiming around a thousand lives. While some consider the violence to have been sporadic communal riots, others allege that the violence was directed against Muslim communities. An official estimate states that 254 Hindus and 790 Muslims were killed, with 223 more missing. The riots followed the Godhra Train Burning incident, where 58 Hindus were burnt alive on a train carriage, which was believed to have been set on fire by a Muslim mob. A panel set up two and a half years after the incident claimed that the train burning was an accident. However, the panel was declared illegal by the Gujarat High Court.

Subsequent reports from several human rights organisations and political opponents have claimed that Modi and his ministers instructed Gujarat's police officers not to obstruct the attacking Hindu right wing mobs. The National Human Rights Commission criticised the government, pointing to "a comprehensive failure on the part of the State Government of Gujarat to control persistent violations of rights".. In turn, several of these human rights groups have been criticized for biased reporting against Hindus and overt generalizations by the right wing Hindu BJP. These claims have thus been rejected by Modi, and the BJP and its supporters have attacked the reports as being politically motivated, due to the fact they came out at the time of an election. A judicial commission constituted to examine allegations of Gujarat state administration's involvement in the riots of 2002 has twice so far said that there was no evidence "as yet" to implicate either Modi or his administration in the riots. However, recently the widow of ex-Congress MP Ahsan Jaafri filed a court case against Modi and his government As an aftermath to the riots, there were calls for Modi to resign as chief minister of Gujarat.The opposition parties stalled the national parliament over the issue. Even allies of the BJP like DMK and TDP were asking for Modi's resignation. Modi submitted his resignation to the Governor, Mr. Sundar Singh Bhandari, only after three months and recommended the dissolution of the 10th Gujarat Legislative Assembly. In the subsequent elections, the BJP, led by Modi, won the elections by a huge margin.

Visa controversy

Narendra Modi applied for a diplomatic visa to visit the United States of America, to attend meetings organised by the Asian-American Hotel Owner's Association (AAHOA) on March 20, 2005. The visit was not official, but a private one at the request of the association. The majority of the Members of AAHOA are from Modi's home state of Gujarat. Following a House resolution introduced by Congressmen John Conyers and Joe Pitts criticizing Modi's actions as Chief Minister, the Bush administration revoked Modi's tourist visa, citing the provisions of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act and the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 that forbid foreign government officials who are "responsible for or directly carried out, at any time, particularly severe violations of religious freedom" from being eligible for a visa. Modi was also denied a diplomatic visa, on the grounds that the purpose of his visit did not qualify for one. Modi said that the US had "insulted" India by revoking his visa, and asked the Indian government to take up the matter with the US authorities. The matter brought a protest to the United States from the Indian government in Delhi who condemned the decision.. The Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, who represents the political opposition to the National Democratic Alliance of which Modi is a member, endorsed the protest,unequivocally expressing India's concern at the denial of a visa by the United States to the Gujarat Chief Minister. BJP party member L.K. Advani expressed his protests, saying "the U.S., by denying him a visa on a baseless ground, had linked him with India's self-respect and pride".

In addition,B. Raman, the Director of the Institute For Topical Studies, Chennai, Distinguished Fellow and Convenor, Observer Research Foundation (ORF), and regulat contributor to the India-based think tank South Asia Analysis Group has published that the denial of Modi's visa was covertly spearheaded by several evangelical Christian groups, such as the Dalit Freedom Network and the "Institute on Religion and Democracy" (a alliance of evangelicals campaigning against socialism, feminism, pacifism, multiculturalism and other liberal ideas). However Modi participated in the event hosted by AAHOA via satelite. He highlighted the achievements of his state and encouraged audiences not to have complaining attitude. All participants endorsed Modi's viewpoints calling him second-to-none for the well being of India's Gujarat state.

Aborted assassination attempt

On June 15,2004, Gujarat Police engaged four alleged members of the Lashkar-e-Toiba terrorist outfit in Ahmedabad in armed confrontation, shooting them down in the process. Top Gujarat officials said that the terrorists "had come to assassinate the Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi" . In his confession to police, Faisal Sheikh, a suspect in the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, admitted to having orchestrated the abortive assassination attempt on Modi. The confession was made on October 8, 2006 after Sheikh and his cohorts were arrested on charges of perpetrating the train blasts.This and other such incidents have led the Gujarat government to take firm measures in order to curb the spread of terrorism in the state.

Position on terrorism

On July 18,2006, Modi delivered a speech criticizing Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "for his reluctance to revive anti-terror legislations" such as the Prevention of Terrorism Act. He asked the Centre to empower states to invoke tougher laws in the wake of the blasts in Mumbai.Quoting Modi:

Terrorism is worse than a war. A terrorist has no rules. A terrorist decides when, how, where and whom to kill. India has lost more people in terror attacks than in its wars.

He was criticized by Communist Party leaders after making the speech.

References

1. Narendra Modi's long haul
2. "Biography - Narendra Modi". Retrieved April 14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
3. "Chief Minister of Gujarat". Official Portal of the Government of Gujarat. 2005. Retrieved April 14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
4. "Biography Narendra Modi". Retrieved April 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
5. Face of Discord, India Today Cover Story, April 29, 2002
6. "Gujarat riot death toll revealed". BBC News. 2005. Retrieved April 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
7. Muslim mob burns train, Findarticles archive of The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
8. Train Carrying Hindus Set Afire by Mob in India, The Institute for Counter-terrorism
9. Banerjee panel illegal Gujarat HC,The Indian Express
10. HC terms Sabarmati Express panel illegal,The Financial Express
11. Railway's Godhra panel illegal, says Gujarat High Court,Hindustan Times
12. "We have no orders to save you". Human Rights watch. 2005. Retrieved November 2. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
13. "Complaint against Modi, others". The Hindu. 2006. Retrieved July 9. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
14. "Taking on Modi". Frontline. 2006. Retrieved July 15-28,. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
15. "Gujarat Cabinet puts off decision on elections". The Tribune. 2002. Retrieved May 9. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
16. "Modi resigns; seeks Assembly dissolution". The Hindu. 2002. Retrieved May 9. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
17. "H.RES.160". Library of Congress (THOMAS). 2005. Retrieved October 26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
18. "Issue of Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi's Visa Status". United States Department of State. 2005. Retrieved October 26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
19. "India condemns US decision". BBC News. 2005. Retrieved April 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
20. "America denies visa to Narendra Modi". Indian Express. 2006. Retrieved April 15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
21. "NDA rally thanks Manmohan for stand on Modi's visa". The Hindu. 2005. Retrieved February 8. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
22. [http://www.saag.org/%5Cpapers14%5Cpaper1318.html. DENIAL OF VISA TO MODI: BACKGROUND] by B. Raman, South Asia Analysis Group
23. Laskhar plot to kill Modi,rediff.com
24. 11/7 brain admits to plotting abortive hit on Modi,Hindustan Times
25. How Gujarat plans to counter terrorists,rediff.com
26. ^ Mahatma on lips, Modi fights Centre,The Telegraph
27. ^ Mahatma on lips, Modi fights Centre,Google Cache of The Telegraph

External links

• His personal website
• Orders passed by the Commission of Gujarat
• Bharatiya Janata Party Gujarat: Narendra Modi
• Speech delivered by Modi "Interactive Meet on Resurgent Gujarat"
• Narendra Modi's speeches in Audio mp3 and Video

• 1950 births
• Living people
• Indian politicians
• Gujarati people
• Hindu politicians
• Gujarat politics
• Chief Ministers of Gujarat
• Incumbent Indian Chief Ministers