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Hadrut
Town
General view of Hadrut before the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
Hadrut
Coordinates: 39°31′00″N 47°01′48″E / 39.51667°N 47.03000°E / 39.51667; 47.03000
Country	Azerbaijan
District	Khojavend
Elevation	720 m (2,360 ft)
Population
• Total	4,100
Time zone	UTC+4 (UTC)

Hadrut ((listen), Template:Lang-hy) is a town in the Khojavend District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh.

The town had an ethnic Armenian-majority population prior to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Numerous Armenian civilians were killed in and around Hadrut by Azerbaijani forces during or after the battle. Subsequently, Azerbaijani soldiers vandalized Armenian-owned property, including the local church and cemetery, obliterating its gravestones.

Toponymy

The name Hadrut is of Persian origin, and means "between two rivers". This is explained by the fact that the older part of the settlement was located between two streams, Guney-chay and Guzey-chay. Hadrut later expanded beyond the two rivers to the east and west.

The town is also infrequently called Getahat (Template:Lang-hy) by Armenians. In Azerbaijan, the town is also called Aghoghlan (Template:Lang-az).

History

The date of Hadrut's foundation is unknown. Fragments of monuments and historical artifacts dated to pre-Christian, early Christian and medieval times have been found in and around Hadrut. There are several ruins of ancient fortresses and walls in the valley surrounding Hadrut. From medieval times until the early 19th century, Hadrut was a part of the Armenian Principality of Dizak, one of the five Melikdoms of Karabakh. In the 15th and 16th century, many of the fortifications, churches and settlements around Hadrut were destroyed by Ottoman and Safavid forces as they fought for control of the South Caucasus. A small number of these structures were rebuilt under the rule of the meliks of Dizak. The Melikdom of Dizak was subordinated to the Karabakh Khanate before the Russian conquest of Karabakh.

During the Russian period, Hadrut was governed as part of different administrative divisions: first as a part of Karabakh Province (1822–1840), then in the Shusha uezd of the Caspian Oblast (1840–1846), then in the Shusha uezd of the Shemakha Governorate (1846–1859), then of the Shusha uezd of the Baku Governorate (1859–1868), and finally, of the Shusha uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate (1868–1873) and later the Jebrail uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate (1873–1917) successively.

In the Soviet period, Hadrut became the centre of the Hadrut District of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast within Azerbaijan SSR and was given the urban settlement status in 1963. Some of the earliest activities of the Karabakh movement occurred in Hadrut, beginning with the collection of petitions in 1986 for the transfer of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast to the Armenian SSR and culminating in a demonstration of one thousand people in Hadrut in February 1988, which then spread to the capital of the NKAO, Stepanakert. Following the Armenian victory in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Hadrut became the administrative center of the Hadrut Province of the Republic of Artsakh.

In the midst of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, heavy fighting took place in Hadrut, marked by the usage of cluster munitions by the Azerbaijani Army. Azerbaijan captured Hadrut on or around 9 October 2020. Although most of the civilian population was evacuated, Armenian authorities reported that a number of civilians were killed by Azerbaijani forces in Hadrut and the surrounding area during or after the battle. Following the battle, a video of an execution of two unarmed and bound Armenian men in the town by Azerbaijani soldiers spread online, prompting investigations.

The town was vandalized and looted by Azerbaijani soldiers after its capture, with people's belongings strewn throughout the streets and the contents of homes upturned. The Armenian cemetery of the town's church was vandalized as well, with its gravestones having been kicked down and smashed. In January 2021, as part of the reconstruction work in Hadrut, new Azerbaijani-language street signs were erected in Hadrut with new street names based on the names of fallen Azerbaijani soldiers and historical Azerbaijani personalities. In June 2021, Azerbaijani authorities installed an "Iron Fist" monument in the town to celebrate the outcome of the 2020 war.

Historical heritage sites

Historical heritage sites in and around the town include the 14th-century church of Spitak Khach’ ('White Cross') located on a hill to the south of Hadrut, on the road towards the neighboring village of Vank, the 13th-century bridge of Tsiltakhach’, the Holy Resurrection Church (Surb Harut’yun Yekeghets’i) built in 1621, a cemetery from between the 17th and 19th centuries, as well as a 19th-century bridge, watermill and oil mill.

Economy

The town was home to the Mika-Hadrut Winery, which produced brandy, vodka, and wine.

Demographics

According to the 1910 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, Hadrut—then known as Gadrud in Russian—had a mostly Armenian population of 2,700 in 1908.

The earliest recorded census of the town of Hadrut showed a population of around 2,400 registered inhabitants in 1939, of which more than 90% was Armenian. Hadrut kept an Armenian-majority population throughout the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, up until the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, during which the town was captured by Azerbaijani forces and the Armenian population was expelled.

Gallery

• The center of Hadrut
• Scenery
• Street
• View of Hadrut streets
• A hotel in Hadrut
• Spring in Hadrut
• Playground
• Hadrut regional hospital

Climate

Hadrut has a Temperate climate with hot summers(Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification.

International relations

When the town was under Armenian control, Hadrut was twinned with the following cities:

• Vagarshapat, Armenia (2010–2020)
• Burbank, United States (2014–2020)

References

1. "National Statistical Service Of The Nagorno Karabakh Republic - Nagorno-Karabakh In Figures (2015)" (PDF).
2. ^ Андрей Зубов. "Андрей Зубов. Карабах: Мир и Война". drugoivzgliad.com.
3. Synovitz, Ron; Mansuryan, Harutyun (30 October 2020). "'This Is A Different War': Nagorno-Karabakh Refugee Shudders At Video Showing Neighbors' Execution". RFE. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
4. ^ "Artsakh Ombudsman: The Azerbaijani actions aiming at deepening humanitarian disaster in Artsakh, causing 20 casualties, 93 wounded and over 5800 material losses". Aysor.am. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
5. ^ "The Azerbaijani Side Has Killed At Least Five Civilians since the Ceasefire Came into Force". Aysor.am. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
6. ^ "At least 5 civilians killed by Azerbaijan in Artsakh following ceasefire". armenpress.am. 11 October 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
7. ^ "Uneasy peace takes hold in contested region of Azerbaijan". PBS NewsHour. 2020-11-30.
8. Davidbekov, I. (1888). "Село Гадрут Елисаветпольской губернии Джебраильского уезда". Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племён Кавказа. Вып. 6 [Collection of materials for the description of localities and tribes of the Caucasus․ 6th ed.] (in Russian). Tiflis. p. 150.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
9. ^ Mkrtchyan, Shahen (1980). "Հադրութի ձորակի հուշարձանները ". Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի պատմա-ճարտարապետական հուշարձանները [The historical-architectural monuments of Mountainous Karabakh] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan publishing house. pp. 91–95.
10. Dashtents, Anush (November 17, 2020). "Հադրութ․ ինչպես եղավ, եւ ինչ հարցեր ունեն հադրութցիները Հարությունյանին". hraparak.am.
11. Jalalyan, Lusane (October 8, 2020). "Հադրութի մասին…". vnews.am.
12. "Ինչպես են ադրբեջանցիները ներկայացնում Հադրութի անկումը "Ռիա Նովոստի"-ին". www.panorama.am. May 24, 2021.
13. "Надо вселить азербайджанцев в Агоглан (бывш. Гадрут) и провести там референдум" [It is necessary to move Azerbaijanis to Agoglan (formerly Hadrut) and hold a referendum there]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 12 September 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
14. "Гадрут: город без жителей" [Hadrut: a city without inhabitants]. Caucasian Knot (in Russian). 25 December 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
15. "Polemika: Hadrut, yoxsa Ağoğlan? - Tarixçinin şərhi" [Controversy: Hadrut or Aghoghlan? - Historian's comment]. Teleqraf.az (in Azerbaijani). 12 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
16. "Hadrutun Ağoğlan adlandırılması ən doğru qərar olar" [It would be the right decision to call Hadrut Agoghlan]. Aqreqator.az (in Azerbaijani). 15 October 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
17. Баш редактор: Ҹ. Б. Гулијев, ed. (1987). "Һадрут". Азәрбајҹан Совет Енсиклопедијасы: . Vol. X ҹилд: Фрост – Шүштəр. Бакы: Азәрбајҹан Совет Енсиклопедијасынын Баш Редаксиjасы. сәһ. 127.
18. Hakobyan, Tatul (2010). Karabakh Diary: Green and Black: Neither War Nor Peace. Antelias, Lebanon. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-9953-0-1816-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
19. "Azerbaijan: Cluster Munitions Used in Nagorno-Karabakh". Human Rights Watch. 2020-10-23. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
20. "President of Azerbaijan: 'Hadrut settlement and several villages liberated from occupation'". APA.az. 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020. Azerbaijan's Hadrut settlement and several villages were liberated from Armenian aggressors, President Ilham Aliyev said this in his address to the nation, APA reports.
21. "Azerbaijani MoD shows soldiers who liberated Hadrut from Armenian occupation (PHOTO)". Trend.Az. 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
22. "An Execution in Hadrut". Bellingcat. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
23. Atanesian, Grigor; Strick, Benjamin (24 October 2020). "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: 'Execution' video prompts war crime probe". BBC News. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
24. Ali, Samir (2021-01-08). "Signs and plates with street names being put up in Azerbaijan's Hadrut (PHOTOS)". MENAFN - Trend News Agency.
25. Məmmədov, www mrsadiq info | Sadiq; Məmmədov, www mrsadiq info | Sadiq (2021-06-26). "Azerbaijan erects "Iron Fist" monument in liberated Hadrut (PHOTO)". News.az. Retrieved 2021-08-20.
26. "And In Other News". CivilNet. 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
27. Давидбеков И. (1888). Сборник материалов для описания местностей и племён Кавказа. Вып. 6. pp. 156–157.
28. "Spitak Khach (White Cross) Monastery". Monument Watch.
29. Hakob Ghahramanyan. "Directory of socio-economic characteristics of NKR administrative-territorial units (2015)".
30. "Mika-Hadrut at Spyur IS". Spyur.am. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
31. Кавказский календарь на 1910 год [Caucasian calendar for 1910] (in Russian) (65th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1910. Archived from the original on 15 March 2022.
32. ^ Result of the Soviet census of 1939 of the Hadrut district "/Census Hadrut (in Russian)".
33. "Гадрутский район 1970". www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
34. "Result of the Soviet census of 1979 of the Hadrut district". www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
35. De facto and De Jure Population by Administrative Territorial Distribution and Sex Archived 2011-03-02 at the Wayback Machine Census in NKR, 2005. THE NATIONAL STATISTICAL SERVICE OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH REPUBLIC
36. "Table 1.6 NKR urban and rural settlements grouping according to de jure population number" (PDF). stat-nkr.am. Population Census 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2020.
37. "HADRUT". Էջմիածնի քաղաքապետարանի պաշտոնական կայք (Website of the City of Vagarshapat). Archived from the original on 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
38. "Նորություններ - yerkir.am" [Hadrut (NKR) and Burbank (USA) have become sister cities]. www.yerkir.am. Retrieved 2020-10-15.

External links

• Hadrut at GEOnet Names Server

v t e Khojavend District
Capital: Khojavend (Martuni)
Ağbulaq Ağbulaq Ağcakənd Ağdam Ağkənd Arakül Arpadüzü Arpagədik Ataqut Avdur Axullu Azıx Binə Binədərəsi Böyük Tağlar Bulutan Bünyadlı Cəmiyyət Cilən Cütcü Çağadüz Çartar Çaylaqqala Çinarlı Çiraquz Çörəkli Dağdöşü Daşbaşı Dərəkənd Dolanlar Düdükçü Edilli Edişə Əmiranlar Gavahın Günəşli Güneyxırman Hadrut Heşan Hünərli Kəndxurd Kiş Köhnə Tağlar Kuropatkino Məlikcanlı Məmməddərə Mirikənd Muğanlı Mülküdərə Müşkapat Petrosashen Qağartsi Qaradağlı Qarakənd Qarazəmi Qarıtəpə Qarqar Qırmızı Bazar Qırmızıqaya Qoçbəyli Quşçular Quzeyxırman Quzumkənd Salakətin Sor Sos Spitakşen Susanlıq Şahyeri Şexer Şıx Dursun Tağaser Tağaverd Tuğ Xanoba Xərxan Xırmancıq Yemişcan Yenikənd Zavadıx Zərdanaşen Zoğalbulaq

v t e Hadrut Province
Capital: Hadrut
Urban comunities	Hadrut
Rural comunities	Aknaghbyur Arajamugh Arakel Arevshat Arpagetik Aygestan Azykh Banadzor Drakhtik Dzoragyugh Hakaku Hartashen Haykavan Hin Tagher Hogher Ijevanatun Jraberd Jrakan Jrakus Karaglukh Karmrakuch Khalynbulakh Khandzadzor Khtsaberd Kovshat Kyuratagh Mariamadzor Melikashen Mets Tagher Mokhrenes Norashen Petrosashen Pletants Saralanj Sarinshen Spitakashen Taghaser Taghut Togh Tumi Tsaghkavank Tsakuri Tsamdzor Tsor Tyak Ukhtadzor Vank Varanda Vardashat

v t e Administrative divisions of Artsakh
Capital city	Stepanakert
Provinces	Askeran Hadrut (nominal) Kashatagh (nominal) Martakert Martuni Shahumyan (nominal) Shushi
Provincial capitals	Askeran Hadrut (nominal) Berdzor (nominal) Martakert Martuni Karvachar (former) Shushi (nominal)
Other urban communities	Chartar Zoravan/Nerkin Chartar

• Geography

• Populated places in Hadrut Province
• Populated places in Khojavend District
• Cities and towns in the Republic of Artsakh
• Former Armenian inhabited settlements