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==Fiction== | ==Fiction== | ||
In ], the ability of a fictional character to transform into an animal or ] is called '''animorphism'''. It is a common ]. In some cases, the transformation is involuntary, caused by magic, a ], or some other ] force,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reddleman |first=Claire |date=4 May 2015 |title=Vampires, Foetuses and Ventriloquism: Metaphor as a Representational Strategy in ''Capital'' Volume 1 |url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08854300.2015.1037604 |journal=Socialism and Democracy |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=25–40 |doi=10.1080/08854300.2015.1037604 |s2cid=142976229 |issn=0885-4300}}</ref> while in other cases, the transformation is voluntary and controllable. Animorphism may be used to explore ] of ]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Nicole |date=2020 |title=Humanimal Politics |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27092960 |journal=Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=125–137 |issn=0027-1276 |jstor=27092960}}</ref> and belonging. It has also be used to examine the relationship between humans and animals,<ref>{{Cite book |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/wein17214 |title=Posthumous Life: Theorizing Beyond the Posthuman |date=2017 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-17214-1 |editor-last1=Weinstein |editor-first1=Jami |editor-last2=Colebrook |editor-first2=Claire |doi=10.7312/wein17214 |jstor=10.7312/wein17214}}</ref> and to drive considerations about wider issues relating to animal rights.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Bogna |first=Konior |date=24 January 2018 |title=Animorphism in the anthropocene: nonhuman personhood in activist art practice |url= https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/ws/portalfiles/portal/55052895/OA-0504.pdf |publisher=Hong Kong Baptist University |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=LeeAnn |first=Derdeyn |date=26 November 2018 |title=Trauma and the Anthropocene: Fear and Loathing in Helen Macdonald's ''H is for Hawk'' |url= https://academic.oup.com/isle/article/25/4/767/5210276 |access-date=9 August 2023 |journal=ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=767–785 |doi=10.1093/isle/isy059 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | In ], the ability of a fictional character to transform into an animal or ] is called '''animorphism'''. It is a common ]. In some cases, the transformation is involuntary, caused by magic, a ], or some other ] force,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reddleman |first=Claire |date=4 May 2015 |title=Vampires, Foetuses and Ventriloquism: Metaphor as a Representational Strategy in ''Capital'' Volume 1 |url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08854300.2015.1037604 |journal=Socialism and Democracy |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=25–40 |doi=10.1080/08854300.2015.1037604 |s2cid=142976229 |issn=0885-4300}}</ref> while in other cases, the transformation is voluntary and controllable. Animorphism may be used to explore ] of ]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Nicole |date=2020 |title=Humanimal Politics |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/27092960 |journal=Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=125–137 |issn=0027-1276 |jstor=27092960}}</ref> and belonging. It has also be used to examine the relationship between humans and animals,<ref>{{Cite book |url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/wein17214 |title=Posthumous Life: Theorizing Beyond the Posthuman |date=2017 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-17214-1 |editor-last1=Weinstein |editor-first1=Jami |editor-last2=Colebrook |editor-first2=Claire |doi=10.7312/wein17214 |jstor=10.7312/wein17214}}</ref> and to drive considerations about wider issues relating to animal rights.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Bogna |first=Konior |date=24 January 2018 |title=Animorphism in the anthropocene: nonhuman personhood in activist art practice |url= https://scholars.hkbu.edu.hk/ws/portalfiles/portal/55052895/OA-0504.pdf |publisher=Hong Kong Baptist University |access-date=8 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=LeeAnn |first=Derdeyn |date=26 November 2018 |title=Trauma and the Anthropocene: Fear and Loathing in Helen Macdonald's ''H is for Hawk'' |url= https://academic.oup.com/isle/article/25/4/767/5210276 |access-date=9 August 2023 |journal=ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=767–785 |doi=10.1093/isle/isy059 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
== Psychiatric aspects == | |||
Among a sampled set of psychiatric patients, the belief of being part animal, or '']'', is generally associated with severe psychosis but not always with any specific psychiatric diagnosis or neurological findings.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keck |first1=P. E. |last2=Pope |first2=H. G. |last3=Hudson |first3=J. I. |last4=McElroy |first4=S. L. |last5=Kulick |first5=A. R. |title=Lycanthropy: Alive and well in the twentieth century |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=113–120 |date=February 1988 |pmid=3363031 |doi=10.1017/S003329170000194X |s2cid=27491377}}</ref> Others regard clinical lycanthropy as a delusion in the sense of the ] found in ] and ] disorders, or as a symptom of other psychiatric disorders.<ref name="Garlipp">{{cite journal |title=Lycanthropy—psychopathological and psychodynamically aspects |journal=] |date=January 2004 |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=19–22 |last1=Garlipp |first1=P. |last2=Godecke-Koch |first2=T. |last3=Dietrich |first3=D. E. |last4=Haltenhof |first4=H. |doi=10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00243.x |pmid=14674954| s2cid=41324350}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == |
Revision as of 00:39, 6 January 2024
Mythological ability or affliction to metamorphose into animals This article is about the mythology topic. For people who identify as not entirely human, see Otherkin.This page is currently being merged. After a discussion, consensus to merge this page with Shapeshifting was found. You can help implement the merge by following the instructions at Help:Merging and the resolution on the discussion. Process started in September 2023. |
Therianthropy is the mythological ability or affliction of individuals to metamorphose into animals or hybrids by means of shapeshifting. It is possible that cave drawings found at Cave of the Trois-Frères, in France, depict ancient beliefs in the concept.
The best-known form of therianthropy, called lycanthropy, is found in stories of werewolves.
Etymology
The term therianthropy comes from the Greek thēríon θηρίον, meaning 'wild animal' or 'beast' (implicitly mammalian), and anthrōpos ἄνθρωπος, meaning 'human being'. It was used to refer to animal transformation folklore of Europe as early as 1901. Sometimes the term zoanthropy is used instead.
Therianthropy was used to describe spiritual beliefs in animal transformation in a 1915 Japanese publication, A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. One source, The Human Predator, raises the possibility the term may have been used as early as the 16th century in criminal trials of suspected werewolves.
History of Therianthropy
One of the first known written and published appearances of the word "therianthropy" can be seen in "The Religious Systems of China" written by J.J.M De Groot in 1901. The usage of therianthropy can be found on page 171 of Volume IV, Book II "On the Soul and Ancestral Worship, Part 1.
Fiction
In literary criticism, the ability of a fictional character to transform into an animal or human–animal hybrid is called animorphism. It is a common trope in the fantasy genre. In some cases, the transformation is involuntary, caused by magic, a curse, or some other supernatural force, while in other cases, the transformation is voluntary and controllable. Animorphism may be used to explore themes of identity and belonging. It has also be used to examine the relationship between humans and animals, and to drive considerations about wider issues relating to animal rights.
See also
- Banjhakri and Banjhakrini
- Clinical lycanthropy
- Human–animal hybrid
- Kindama
- Kitsune
- Otherkin
- Supernumerary phantom limb
- Teratology
- Werejaguar
- Wererat
- Zoomorphism
References
- Cree Brown, C.; Coulter, John (2018). "Transcendence".
- De Groot, J. J. M. (1901). The Religious System of China. Vol. IV. Leiden: Brill. p. 171.
- Guiley, R. E. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves & Other Monsters. New York: Facts on File. p. 192. ISBN 0-8160-4685-9.
- Brinkley, Frank; Kikuchi, Dairoku (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. The Encyclopædia Britannica Co.
therianthropy
- Ramsland, Katherine (2005). The Human Predator: A Historical Chronicle of Serial Murder and Forensic Investigation. Berkley Hardcover. ISBN 0-425-20765-X.
- Reddleman, Claire (4 May 2015). "Vampires, Foetuses and Ventriloquism: Metaphor as a Representational Strategy in Capital Volume 1". Socialism and Democracy. 29 (2): 25–40. doi:10.1080/08854300.2015.1037604. ISSN 0885-4300. S2CID 142976229.
- Anderson, Nicole (2020). "Humanimal Politics". Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal. 53 (2): 125–137. ISSN 0027-1276. JSTOR 27092960.
- Weinstein, Jami; Colebrook, Claire, eds. (2017). Posthumous Life: Theorizing Beyond the Posthuman. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/wein17214. ISBN 978-0-231-17214-1. JSTOR 10.7312/wein17214.
- Bogna, Konior (24 January 2018). Animorphism in the anthropocene: nonhuman personhood in activist art practice (PDF) (Thesis). Hong Kong Baptist University. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- LeeAnn, Derdeyn (26 November 2018). "Trauma and the Anthropocene: Fear and Loathing in Helen Macdonald's H is for Hawk". ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 25 (4): 767–785. doi:10.1093/isle/isy059. Retrieved 9 August 2023.