| Revision as of 14:30, 25 January 2024 editAnomieBOT (talk | contribs)Bots6,568,149 editsm Dating maintenance tags: {{Citation needed}}← Previous edit | Revision as of 00:38, 28 January 2024 edit undoSarcelles (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers9,112 edits Friso-Saxon doesn't see to be an appropriate category, hence removedNext edit → | ||
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| |fam6=]<ref name="Sprachminderheiten" /> / ] | |fam6=]<ref name="Sprachminderheiten" /> / ] | ||
| |fam7=]<ref name="Sprachminderheiten">Reinhard Goltz, Andrea Kleene, ''Niederdeutsch'', in: ''Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland'', edited by Rahel Beyer, Albrecht Plewnia, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, Tübingen, 2020, p. 171ff., here p. 191</ref> | |fam7=]<ref name="Sprachminderheiten">Reinhard Goltz, Andrea Kleene, ''Niederdeutsch'', in: ''Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland'', edited by Rahel Beyer, Albrecht Plewnia, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, Tübingen, 2020, p. 171ff., here p. 191</ref> | ||
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| |iso2=frs | |iso2=frs | ||
| |iso3=frs<!--this is intended to be for the Low German variety, despite the confusing wording in E17--> | |iso3=frs<!--this is intended to be for the Low German variety, despite the confusing wording in E17--> | ||
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| There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called ], are strongly influenced by ] of ]. The western dialects are closer to the Low Saxon Language spoken in the ] province of ], ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bis.uni-oldenburg.de/bisverlag/hv1/9a2-fort.pdf|title=Marron C. Fort: ''Niederdeutsch und Friesisch zwischen Lauwerzee und Weser''}}</ref> | There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called ], are strongly influenced by ] of ]. The western dialects are closer to the Low Saxon Language spoken in the ] province of ], ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bis.uni-oldenburg.de/bisverlag/hv1/9a2-fort.pdf|title=Marron C. Fort: ''Niederdeutsch und Friesisch zwischen Lauwerzee und Weser''}}</ref> | ||
| East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the |
East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the dialects, build on a Frisian substrate which has led to a large amount of unique lexical, syntactic, and phonological items which differ from other Low Saxon variants. Some Old Frisian vocabulary is still in active speech today.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} | ||
| East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the ], e.g. ''{{lang|nds|Kluntje}}'' ‘lump of ]’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: ''Antje'' (from Anna), ''Trīntje'' (from Trina = Katharina) etc. | East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the ], e.g. ''{{lang|nds|Kluntje}}'' ‘lump of ]’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: ''Antje'' (from Anna), ''Trīntje'' (from Trina = Katharina) etc. | ||
Revision as of 00:38, 28 January 2024
West Low German dialect Not to be confused with East Frisian language.| East Frisian Low German | |
|---|---|
| East Frisian Low Saxon | |
| Ōstfräisk, Oostfreesk, dat ostfräske Plattdüts | |
| Native to | Germany |
| Region | East Frisia |
| Native speakers | 200,000 (2015) mainly older adults |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | frs |
| ISO 639-3 | frs |
| Glottolog | east2288 |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
East Frisian Low German or East Frisian Low Saxon is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony.
It is used quite frequently in everyday speech there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses the language. A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease.
East Frisian Low Saxon is not to be confused with the East Frisian language; the latter, spoken by about 2,000 individuals in the Saterland region, is a Frisian language, not Low German.
There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called Harlinger Platt, are strongly influenced by Northern Low Saxon of Oldenburg. The western dialects are closer to the Low Saxon Language spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen, Gronings.
East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the dialects, build on a Frisian substrate which has led to a large amount of unique lexical, syntactic, and phonological items which differ from other Low Saxon variants. Some Old Frisian vocabulary is still in active speech today.
East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the Dutch language, e.g. Kluntje ‘lump of rock sugar’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: Antje (from Anna), Trīntje (from Trina = Katharina) etc.
The dialects spoken in East Frisia are closely related to those spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen (Grunnegs, Grünnigs) and in Northern Drenthe (Noordenvelds). The biggest difference seems to be that of loanwords (from Dutch or German, resp.).
| East Frisian Low Saxon | Gronings | West Frisian | Northern Low Saxon | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| höör/hör | heur | har | ehr | her |
| mōj/mooi | mooi | moai | scheun | beautiful, nice, fine |
| was | was | wie | wer | was |
| geböören/geböhren (imp.) | gebeurn | barre | passeern | to happen |
| prōten/proten | proaten | prate | snakken | to talk |
The standard greeting is Moin (moi in Gronings), used 24 hours a day.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Stop | Voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| Voiced | b | d | g | |||
| Fricative | Voiceless | f | s | ç | χ | h |
| Voiced | v | z | ʑ | ɣ | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
| Approximant | r | |||||
Orthography
East Frisian Low Saxon has two orthographies which are well known. One is developed by the Ostfriesische Landschaft, which is based off the orthography by Johannes Sass. The Ostfriesische Landschaft uses this spelling for all of their projects, and to promote the dialect. It is considered to also be a cross di-dialect compromise writing, to provide materials in Low German for outside of the East Frisian Low Saxon dialect speaking area, and is recognized by the government of Lower Saxony.
However, a newer, more phonetic orthography was developed in 1975 by Holger Weigelt, since he expressed concerns that the grammatical structures and character of East Frisian Low Saxon would not be presented well under the Sass-based spelling. This orthography is used fully by the Jungfräiske Mäinskup, which promotes the dialect and provides learning materials in this spelling. The Incubator Misplaced Pages for East Frisian Low Saxon along with the examples of the dialect in this page are also in this spelling.
External links
- Plattdüütskbüro at the Ostfriesische Landschaft
- Ostfreeske Taal
- Diesel - dat oostfreeske Bladdje, the trilingual East Frisian newspaper
- Jungrfräiske Mäinskup - organization for protecting East Frisian Low Saxon
- Project for an alternative Orthography
- Dictionary and Grammar
Notes
- "Ōstfräisk wōrdenbauk - Ostfriesisches Wörterbuch". oostfraeisk.org.
- Dat näie Testament in dat ostfräske Plattdüts öferset't van O. Boekhoff. Pastor in Loga, Aurich,
- East Frisian Low German at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Reinhard Goltz, Andrea Kleene, Niederdeutsch, in: Handbuch der Sprachminderheiten in Deutschland, edited by Rahel Beyer, Albrecht Plewnia, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, Tübingen, 2020, p. 171ff., here p. 191
- "Marron C. Fort: Niederdeutsch und Friesisch zwischen Lauwerzee und Weser" (PDF).
- "Ōstfräisk wōrdenbauk - Ostfriesisches Wörterbuch". oostfraeisk.org.
- "Schreibregeln der ostfriesischen Landschaft" (PDF).
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