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| === Early life === | === Early life === | ||
| Born on 15 June 1910 in {{ill|Bazorkino|ru|Чермен (село)}}, ], in the family of the tsarist officer Murtuz-Ali, Idris was of ] background. The Bazorkin branch of the Gazdiev family came from the village of ] in mountainous ]. Idris' grandfather, {{ill|Bunukho|ru|Базоркин, Бунухо Фёдорович}}, was one of the first Ingush generals of the tsarist army; granduncle was the founder of the village of Bazorkin, {{ill|Mochko|ru|Базоркин, Мочко Бейсарович}}. Murtuz-Ali, the third son of General Bunukho Bazorkin and an officer in the tsarist army. Not wanting to come under ], he emigrated to ] during the ] and died there in 1924. Idris' mother Gretta, a daughter of the ] engineer Louis de Ratzé, who worked in ], instilled in Idris the foundations of ] and Western European cultures. Not wanting to emigrate with her husband to Iran, she remained in Vladikavkaz where she died in 1923. | Born on 15 June 1910 in {{ill|Bazorkino|ru|Чермен (село)}}, ],{{sfn|Yandieva|2005}} in the family of the tsarist officer Murtuz-Ali,<ref>{{harvnb|Patiev}}; {{harvnb|Karabulatova|Ebzeeva|Pocheshkhov|2017|p=449}}</ref> Idris was of ] background. The Bazorkin branch of the Gazdiev family came from the village of ] in mountainous ].{{sfn|Patiev}} Idris' grandfather, {{ill|Bunukho|ru|Базоркин, Бунухо Фёдорович}}, was one of the first Ingush generals of the tsarist army; granduncle was the founder of the village of Bazorkin, {{ill|Mochko|ru|Базоркин, Мочко Бейсарович}}. Murtuz-Ali, the third son of General Bunukho Bazorkin and an officer in the tsarist army. Not wanting to come under ], he emigrated to ] during the ] and died there in 1924. Idris' mother Gretta, a daughter of the ] engineer Louis de Ratzé, who worked in ], instilled in Idris the foundations of ] and Western European cultures. Not wanting to emigrate with her husband to Iran, she remained in Vladikavkaz where she died in 1923.<ref>{{harvnb|Patiev}}; {{harvnb|Karabulatova|Ebzeeva|Pocheshkhov|2017|p=449}}</ref> | ||
| At first, Idris studied in the preparatory class of a gymnasium in Vladikavkaz, but being affected by the Russian Civil War{{efn|}} he was forced to continue further studies in a ] of his native village, Bazorkino, the impressions from which later formed the basis of one of his first stories, ''Boang'' ({{lit.}} 'Trap'). In 1924, Bazorkin entered the preparatory department of the Ingush Pedagogical College in Vladikavkaz. While there, Idris for the first began acquaintanced with literature by writing poetry for the handwritten magazine ''Red Sprouts'', organized by Victoria Abramova and {{ill|Tembot Bekov|ru|Беков, Тембот Дордаганович}}. One of Idris' teachers was professor-linguist Mikhail Nemirovsky who offered Idris to become his student and heir by becoming a linguist. Idris, not wanting to give up literary activity, refused the offer. | At first, Idris studied in the preparatory class of a gymnasium in Vladikavkaz, but being affected by the Russian Civil War{{efn|}} he was forced to continue further studies in a ] of his native village, Bazorkino, the impressions from which later formed the basis of one of his first stories, ''Boang'' ({{lit.}} 'Trap'). In 1924, Bazorkin entered the preparatory department of the Ingush Pedagogical College in Vladikavkaz. While there, Idris for the first began acquaintanced with literature by writing poetry for the handwritten magazine ''Red Sprouts'', organized by Victoria Abramova and {{ill|Tembot Bekov|ru|Беков, Тембот Дордаганович}}. One of Idris' teachers was professor-linguist Mikhail Nemirovsky who offered Idris to become his student and heir by becoming a linguist. Idris, not wanting to give up literary activity, refused the offer. | ||
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| In 1930, after graduating from a pedagogical college, Bazorkin entered the social and literary department of the North Caucasus Pedagogical Institute in Vladikavkaz. During these years, Idris wrote stories, plays, poems and articles. In 1932, Bazorkin, in collaboration with Mukharbek Shadiev, published a textbook of the Ingush language for 1st grade in rural schools. The drawings for the publication were also made by Bazorkin. In 1933, in collaboration with A. Akhriev and Akhmet Oziev, he published a primer for rural schools. | In 1930, after graduating from a pedagogical college, Bazorkin entered the social and literary department of the North Caucasus Pedagogical Institute in Vladikavkaz. During these years, Idris wrote stories, plays, poems and articles. In 1932, Bazorkin, in collaboration with Mukharbek Shadiev, published a textbook of the Ingush language for 1st grade in rural schools. The drawings for the publication were also made by Bazorkin. In 1933, in collaboration with A. Akhriev and Akhmet Oziev, he published a primer for rural schools. | ||
| In 1932-1934, Idris combined his studies in Vladikavkaz with work as a teacher in the villages of mountainous Ingushetia. In 1934, the Ingush national publishing house "]" in Vladikavkaz (Ordzhonikidze) published a collection of poems and stories by Bazorkina ''Nazmanch'' ('Singer'). A significant year was 1934: Bazorkin (as a delegate from the Chechen-Ingush organization) participated in the ], where he met the writer ] and was accepted into the newly formed ]. | In 1932-1934, Idris combined his studies in Vladikavkaz with work as a teacher in the villages of mountainous Ingushetia. In 1934, the Ingush national publishing house "]" in Vladikavkaz (Ordzhonikidze) published a collection of poems and stories by Bazorkina ''Nazmanch'' ('Singer'). A significant year was 1934: Bazorkin (as a delegate from the Chechen-Ingush organization) participated in the ], where he met the writer ] and was accepted into the newly formed ].{{sfn|Patiev}} | ||
| In 1934-1935, the Chechen-Ingush Theater Studio began work in the city of ], together with whose members Bazorkin underwent an internship at the Tbilisi State Theater named after Shota Rustaveli . In 1935–1938, the writer worked as the head teacher of the pedagogical workers' faculty in Ordzhonikidze. In 1937, the first multi-act play in Ingush literature, ''At Dawn'', written by him in 1934-1935, which tells about the fight against the White Guards in the North Caucasus in 1919, came out from the pen of Bazorkin . In 1938, translated into Ossetian by A. Tokaev, it was staged at the North Ossetian State Theater. | In 1934-1935, the Chechen-Ingush Theater Studio began work in the city of ], together with whose members Bazorkin underwent an internship at the Tbilisi State Theater named after Shota Rustaveli . In 1935–1938, the writer worked as the head teacher of the pedagogical workers' faculty in Ordzhonikidze. In 1937, the first multi-act play in Ingush literature, ''At Dawn'', written by him in 1934-1935, which tells about the fight against the White Guards in the North Caucasus in 1919, came out from the pen of Bazorkin . In 1938, translated into Ossetian by A. Tokaev, it was staged at the North Ossetian State Theater.{{sfn|Patiev}} | ||
| In 1938, after ] and ] were merged into ] in 1934, Bazorkin, like almost all representatives of the Ingush intelligentsia, moved from Ordzhonikidze, which at that time was the center of both Ingushetia and North Ossetia, to the city of Grozny. There he worked as the head of the literary department of the Checheno-Ingush State Drama Theater. With the beginning of the ], the main theme of Bazorkin's work became the theme of the fight against fascism and victory over the enemy. Being a full-time lecturer for the regional party committee and a correspondent for republican newspapers and radio, he, together with his colleagues from the pen, travels to the cities and villages of Checheno-Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, speaks to soldiers and the population of front-line and rear settlements, on the radio, writes in essays and articles in the press, writes works with characteristic titles about the deeds of the ] on their native land: "We will not forgive!", "The face of the enemy", "At the open grave", "The anger of the people", "The honor of a mountain woman", "Son of the Motherland", "A word to the Chechen-Ingush intelligentsia", "They will not pass", etc. In 1943, due to the retreat of German troops from the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia, the writer decides to switch exclusively to literary work. | In 1938, after ] and ] were merged into ] in 1934, Bazorkin, like almost all representatives of the Ingush intelligentsia, moved from Ordzhonikidze, which at that time was the center of both Ingushetia and North Ossetia, to the city of Grozny. There he worked as the head of the literary department of the Checheno-Ingush State Drama Theater. With the beginning of the ], the main theme of Bazorkin's work became the theme of the fight against fascism and victory over the enemy. Being a full-time lecturer for the regional party committee and a correspondent for republican newspapers and radio, he, together with his colleagues from the pen, travels to the cities and villages of Checheno-Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, speaks to soldiers and the population of front-line and rear settlements, on the radio, writes in essays and articles in the press, writes works with characteristic titles about the deeds of the ] on their native land: "We will not forgive!", "The face of the enemy", "At the open grave", "The anger of the people", "The honor of a mountain woman", "Son of the Motherland", "A word to the Chechen-Ingush intelligentsia", "They will not pass", etc. In 1943, due to the retreat of German troops from the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia, the writer decides to switch exclusively to literary work.{{sfn|Patiev}} | ||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
Revision as of 09:26, 1 February 2024
Soviet writer and poet (1910–1993) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Murtuzovich and the family name is Bazorkin.| Idris Bazorkin | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Байсаранаькъан Муртаза Идрис |
| Born | (1910-06-15)15 June 1910 Bazorkino [ru], Nazran okrug, Terek Oblast, Russian Empire |
| Died | 31 May 1993(1993-05-31) (aged 82) Grozny, Chechen Republic of Ichkeria |
| Occupation | writer, poet |
| Language | Ingush, Russian |
| Alma mater | Pedagogical institute of Vladikavkaz (1933) |
| Genre | prose, poetry, dramaturgy |
| Notable awards | Order of Friendship of Peoples |
Idris Murtuzovich Bazorkin (15 June [O.S. 3 June] 1910 – 31 May 1993) was a Soviet writer and poet whom many consider to be the founder of modern Ingush literature. His major work is the novel Dark Ages (Iz t’my vekov, 1968).
Life
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Early life
Born on 15 June 1910 in Bazorkino [ru], Russian Empire, in the family of the tsarist officer Murtuz-Ali, Idris was of Ingush background. The Bazorkin branch of the Gazdiev family came from the village of Egikal in mountainous Ingushetia. Idris' grandfather, Bunukho [ru], was one of the first Ingush generals of the tsarist army; granduncle was the founder of the village of Bazorkin, Mochko [ru]. Murtuz-Ali, the third son of General Bunukho Bazorkin and an officer in the tsarist army. Not wanting to come under Soviet rule, he emigrated to Qajar Iran during the Russian Civil War and died there in 1924. Idris' mother Gretta, a daughter of the Swiss engineer Louis de Ratzé, who worked in Vladikavkaz, instilled in Idris the foundations of Russian and Western European cultures. Not wanting to emigrate with her husband to Iran, she remained in Vladikavkaz where she died in 1923.
At first, Idris studied in the preparatory class of a gymnasium in Vladikavkaz, but being affected by the Russian Civil WarCite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the help page). he was forced to continue further studies in a madrasah of his native village, Bazorkino, the impressions from which later formed the basis of one of his first stories, Boang (lit. 'Trap'). In 1924, Bazorkin entered the preparatory department of the Ingush Pedagogical College in Vladikavkaz. While there, Idris for the first began acquaintanced with literature by writing poetry for the handwritten magazine Red Sprouts, organized by Victoria Abramova and Tembot Bekov [ru]. One of Idris' teachers was professor-linguist Mikhail Nemirovsky who offered Idris to become his student and heir by becoming a linguist. Idris, not wanting to give up literary activity, refused the offer.
In 1930, after graduating from a pedagogical college, Bazorkin entered the social and literary department of the North Caucasus Pedagogical Institute in Vladikavkaz. During these years, Idris wrote stories, plays, poems and articles. In 1932, Bazorkin, in collaboration with Mukharbek Shadiev, published a textbook of the Ingush language for 1st grade in rural schools. The drawings for the publication were also made by Bazorkin. In 1933, in collaboration with A. Akhriev and Akhmet Oziev, he published a primer for rural schools.
In 1932-1934, Idris combined his studies in Vladikavkaz with work as a teacher in the villages of mountainous Ingushetia. In 1934, the Ingush national publishing house "Serdalo" in Vladikavkaz (Ordzhonikidze) published a collection of poems and stories by Bazorkina Nazmanch ('Singer'). A significant year was 1934: Bazorkin (as a delegate from the Chechen-Ingush organization) participated in the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, where he met the writer Maxim Gorky and was accepted into the newly formed Union of Writers of the USSR.
In 1934-1935, the Chechen-Ingush Theater Studio began work in the city of Grozny, together with whose members Bazorkin underwent an internship at the Tbilisi State Theater named after Shota Rustaveli . In 1935–1938, the writer worked as the head teacher of the pedagogical workers' faculty in Ordzhonikidze. In 1937, the first multi-act play in Ingush literature, At Dawn, written by him in 1934-1935, which tells about the fight against the White Guards in the North Caucasus in 1919, came out from the pen of Bazorkin . In 1938, translated into Ossetian by A. Tokaev, it was staged at the North Ossetian State Theater.
In 1938, after Ingush Autonomous Oblast and Chechen Autonomous Oblast were merged into Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast in 1934, Bazorkin, like almost all representatives of the Ingush intelligentsia, moved from Ordzhonikidze, which at that time was the center of both Ingushetia and North Ossetia, to the city of Grozny. There he worked as the head of the literary department of the Checheno-Ingush State Drama Theater. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the main theme of Bazorkin's work became the theme of the fight against fascism and victory over the enemy. Being a full-time lecturer for the regional party committee and a correspondent for republican newspapers and radio, he, together with his colleagues from the pen, travels to the cities and villages of Checheno-Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, speaks to soldiers and the population of front-line and rear settlements, on the radio, writes in essays and articles in the press, writes works with characteristic titles about the deeds of the Nazis on their native land: "We will not forgive!", "The face of the enemy", "At the open grave", "The anger of the people", "The honor of a mountain woman", "Son of the Motherland", "A word to the Chechen-Ingush intelligentsia", "They will not pass", etc. In 1943, due to the retreat of German troops from the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia, the writer decides to switch exclusively to literary work.
Bibliography
- "Iz t’my vekov." In Sobranie sochinenii, vol. 1 and 2, edited by Ia. Patiev. Magas, Ingushetia: Serdalo, 2001–2.
Translations into English
- Bazorkin, Idris (2013). "First lines". British Centre for Lit. Translation (2): 43–49.
- Bazorkin, Idris (2010). Grant, Bruce; Barker, Adele (eds.). "Evening Prayers". The Russia Reader: Culture, History, Politics. Translated by Gould, Rebecca. Durham, NC: Duke University Press: 293–302. doi:10.1215/9780822392583-047.
- Bazorkin, Idris (2010). "Light of the Ancestors". Washington Square (27): 152–167.
Notes
- O.S. 3 June 1910.
- Russian: Идрис Муртузович Базоркин, IPA: [ɪdrʲɪs mʊrtʊzəvʲɪd͡ʑ bəzərkʲɪn]; Template:Lang-inh
References
- ^ Yandieva 2005.
- Patiev harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPatiev (help); Karabulatova, Ebzeeva & Pocheshkhov 2017, p. 449
- ^ Patiev. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPatiev (help)
- Patiev harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPatiev (help); Karabulatova, Ebzeeva & Pocheshkhov 2017, p. 449
Sources
- Gorchkhanova, Tanzila (2016). Жанр рассказа в ингушской литературе. Истоки. Становление [Genre of short story in Ingush literature. Origins. Becoming] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Gorky Institute of World Literature. pp. 1–211.
- Gould, Rebecca (April 2020). "Enchanting Literary Modernity: Idris Bazorkin's Postcolonial Soviet Pastoral". Modern Language Review. 115 (2): 405–428. doi:10.1353/mlr.2020.0071.
- Gould, Rebecca (2016). "Finding Bazorkin: A Journey from Anthropology to Literature". Anthropology and Humanism. 41 (1): 86–101. doi:10.1111/anhu.12109. hdl:1983/6f06753e-2f3e-4d0f-8dd9-de531d58ff59.
- Karabulatova, Irina; Ebzeeva, Julia; Pocheshkhov, Nurbiy (2017). "The repressed Caucasians' ethno-trauma expressed as "light" and "darkness" in selected writings of Idris Bazorkin" (PDF). Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis. 9: 447–457. eISSN 2344-5432. ISSN 2066-9143.
- Martazanov, Arsamak; Martazanova, Khanifa; Sarbasheva, Alena (May–August 2021). "Folklore and literary continuum in the North Caucasian novel of the late 20th century in the aspect of ethnopedagogy". Eduweb. 15 (2): 261–277. doi:10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2021.15.02.20. ISSN 1856-7576.
- Turkaev, Hasan; Malsagov, Abu (1969). Писатели Советской Чечено-Ингушетии [Writers of Soviet Checheno-Ingushetia] (in Russian). Grozny: Checheno-Ingush book publishing house. pp. 1–150.
- Tsutsulaeva, Sapiyat; Mamsurova, Makka (2021-11-29). "Role of the Chechen intellectuals in the decisions on Chechen people rehabilitation". European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences. 117: 2606–2612. doi:10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.344. eISSN 2357-1330.
- Yandieva, Maryam (2005). "БАЗО́РКИН ИДРИС МУРТУЗОВИЧ" [BAZÓRKIN IDRIS MURTUZOVICH]. In Kravets, S. L.; et al. (eds.). Great Russian Encyclopedia (in Russian). Vol. 3: "Banketnaya kampaniya" 1904 – Bolshoy Ipriz. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia. ISBN 5-85270-331-1.
Further reading
- Bazorkina, Aza (2001). Воспоминания об отце [Memories of my father] (in Russian). Nalchik: El'-Fa.
- Kharsieva, Liliia (2007). Специфика ингушской культуры: эстетические и духовно-нравственные основы романа И. Базоркина "Из тьмы веков" [Specifics of Ingush culture: aesthetic and spiritual-moral foundations of I. Bazorkin’s novel "From the Darkness of Ages"] (in Russian). Nazran: Piligrim.
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