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{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Somali sub-clan of Darod}} {{Short description|Somali sub-clan of Darod}}
{{Main|Somali clan}}{{Infobox ethnic group| {{Main|Somali clan}}{{More citations needed|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox ethnic group|
| group = Leelkase <br> ليلكسة | group = Leelkase <br> ليلكسة
| native_name = | native_name =
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| rels = ] <sup>(Sunni)</sup> | rels = ] <sup>(Sunni)</sup>
| related_groups = | related_groups =
| related-c = ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and other ] groups<!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! --> | related-c = ], ], ], ], ], ], ]<!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->
}} }}


The '''Leelkase'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Roots of Insecurity in Puntland|url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405050707/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref> or '''Lailkase'''<ref name="unsc_p20">], , p. 20</ref> or '''Lelkase'''<ref name="conflictinsomalia" /> ({{lang-so|Laylkase<ref>{{cite web|title=Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha Laylkase oo Saxaafada kula Hadashay Garoowe Dhaliishayna Saamiga Lagasiiyay Golaha Wasiirada (Sawirro)|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|access-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608155012/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|archive-date=2017-06-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}, {{lang-ar|ليلكسة}}) (''Hussein bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti'') is a major ] of the Tanade ] clan.<ref name="conflictinsomalia">], '''', pp. 56-57</ref> The term "Leelkase" is a nickname, which translates to "farsighted, mindful, smart or intelligent” The '''Leelkase'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Roots of Insecurity in Puntland|url=http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405050707/http://www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/2454/Roots_of_Insecurity_in_Puntland|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref> or '''Lailkase'''<ref name="unsc_p20">], , p. 20</ref> or '''Lelkase'''<ref name="conflictinsomalia" /> ({{lang-so|Laylkase<ref>{{cite web|title=Warsaxaafadeed: Beesha Laylkase oo Saxaafada kula Hadashay Garoowe Dhaliishayna Saamiga Lagasiiyay Golaha Wasiirada (Sawirro)|url=http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|access-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608155012/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/01/beesha-laylkase-oo-dhaliishay-saamiga-lagasiiyay-golaha-wasiirada-puntland/|archive-date=2017-06-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}, {{lang-ar|ليلكسة}}) (''Hussein bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti'') is a major ] of the Tanade ] clan.<ref name="conflictinsomalia">], '''', pp. 56-57</ref> The term "Leelkase" is a nickname, which translates as "farsighted, mindful, smart or intelligent”


==Clan tree== ==Clan tree==
In the Northeast regions of Somalia, the World Bank shows the following clan tree:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316193327/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |archive-date=2005-03-16 |website=Worldbank |page=56 Figure A-2}}</ref> In the Northeast regions of Somalia, the World Bank shows the following clan tree:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050316193327/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOMALIA/Resources/conflictinsomalia.pdf |archive-date=2005-03-16 |website=Worldbank |page=56 Figure A-2}}</ref>


* ] * ]
* Tanade * Tanade
* Maalismoge * Maalismoge
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Below is list of the Major Leelkase Subclans and cities / towns they reside: Below is list of the Major Leelkase Subclans and cities / towns they reside:


*The "Mansor, Aamin and Hamud" in Benadir ] *The "Mansor, Aamin and Hamud" in Benadir]
*The "Mansor, Aamin and Hamud" in Bay] *The "Mansor, Aamin and Hamud" in Bay]
*The "Cali Sheikh" in ] *The "Cali Sheikh" in Middle ]
*The "Aw-Salaat" in ] *The "Aw-Salaat" in Lower ]
*The "Jaamac Hassan Muumin" in Buurhakaba (Mostly in their own town called "Hassan Muumin") *The Jaamac Hassan Muumin in Buurhakaba (Mostly in their own town called "Hassan Muumin")
*The "Muumin Adan" largely in ](], ]), & Lower Jubba (]) *The <nowiki>]</nowiki> largely in ](], ]), & Lower Jubba (]), ]
*The "Rooble Hassan" in ],],] and ] *The "Rooble Hassan" in ],],] and ]
*The "Mohamed Hassan" Reer Xabbad in ], ] and lower ] *The "Mohamed Hassan" Ree Xabbad in ], ], ] and lower ]
*The "Mahamed Adan" who lives in ] and ]. *The "Mahamed Adan" who lives in ] and ].
*The "Fiqi Ismail" in ] and ] *The "Fiqi Ismail" in ] and ]
*The "Maalismogge" of Eyl Nugaal and ] *The "Maalismogge" of Eyl Nugaal and ]
*The "Ismail Ali" in "Qandala" *The "Ismail Ali" in "Qandala"
*The "Suhurre" in Eyl Nugaal *The "Suhurre" in Eyl Nugaal
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The Mahamud Ali clans settle in the ] region of North Eastern Somalia; particularly in Bandar Beyla district. Hashim Ali is divided into the Malismoge clans and settle in the ] region. The Mahamud Ali clans settle in the ] region of North Eastern Somalia; particularly in Bandar Beyla district. Hashim Ali is divided into the Malismoge clans and settle in the ] region.
Gambayah (Somali: Gambayax, Arabic جمبيح) is a District in the Nugal region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 50km Northeast of the city of Garoowe. The town is populated by the Rooble Hassan subclan of Leelkase, and other Idiris Osman clans. The city has a population of approximately 800,060. ] (Somali: Gambayax, Arabicجمبيح) is a District in the Nugal region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 50&nbsp;km Northeast of the city of Garoowe. The town is populated by the Rooble Hassan subclan of Leelkase, and other Idiris Osman clans. The city has a population of approximately 800,060.


] (Somali: Nugaal gibin, Arabic: نوغال غبن) is a District in the Mudug region of ] state of ]. It lies approximately 40km southeast of Galdogob. The town is populated by the Xirsi Muumin subclan of Leelkase, and other Mumin Adan clans. ] (Somali: Nugaal gibin, Arabic: نوغال غبن) is a District in the Mudug region of ] state of ]. It lies approximately 40&nbsp;km southeast of the city of Galdogob. The town is populated by the Xirsi Muumin subclan of Leelkase, and other Mumin Adan clans. The city has a population of approximately 600,000.


==Population== ==Population==
As of 2005, the broader ] District had a total population of 40,433 residents mostly Leelkase 33,366 of inhabitants were urban and 57,067 were non-urban. ] has a population of around 16,700 inhabitants. The broader ] District has a total population of 14,376 residents. ] is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the ] and Leelkase Darod well-represented. The broader ] District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. As with most of ], it is primarily inhabited by Somalis from the ] Darod clan confederation, in particular the ] aswell as the Leelkase ] clans. The Leelkase are also dominant in ], largest neighborhood of ] with an estimated population of 137,667 inhabitants.<ref name="FAO">{{cite web |date=October 2010 |title=Livelihood Baseline Profile: Galkayo Urban |url=http://www.fsnau.org/downloads/Galkayo-Urban-Baseline-Profile.pdf |access-date=26 June 2021 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization}}</ref><ref name=ICG>{{cite web|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/galkayo-and-somalia-s-dangerous-faultlines|title=Galkayo and Somalia's Dangerous Faultlines|first1=Zakaria|last1=Yusuf|first2=Abdul|last2=Khalif|publisher=International Crisis Group|date=10 December 2015|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref> As of 2005, the broader ] District had a total population of 40,433 residents mostly Leelkase 33,366 of inhabitants were urban and 57,067 were non-urban. ] has a population of around 16,700 inhabitants. The broader ] District has a total population of 14,376 residents. ] is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the ] and Leelkase Darod well-represented. The broader ] District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. As with most of ], it is primarily inhabited by Somalis from the ] Darod clan confederation, in particular the ] and leelkase ] clans. The Leelkase are also dominant in ], largest neighborhood of ] with an estimated population of 137,667 inhabitants.


==History== ==History==
Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lewis I. M.|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|date=1999|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552807|pages=11–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA11|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> The five major clans are the ], ], ], ], ] and the minor clan is called ]. The major sub-clans within Darod are ], ], ], Leelkase, ], ], ], ], ], and Mora'ase. ] is practically the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the country. Within the Dir clan there is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. All of these clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” (], ], ], ]).<ref>{{cite journal|title=State Collapse, Insurgency, and Famine in the Horn of Africa: Legitimacy and the Ongoing Somali Crisis|first=J. Peter|last=Pham|journal=The Journal of the Middle East and Africa|volume=2|issue=2|year=2011|pages=153–187|doi=10.1080/21520844.2011.617238|s2cid=154845182 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/773526/Somalia_-_Clans_-_CPIN_V3.0e.pdf|title=Country Policy and Information Note Somalia: Majority clans and minority groups in south and central Somalia|publisher=Home Office|date=January 2019|pages=13–14|accessdate=6 October 2022}}</ref> Leelkase is a sub-clan of ], one of the oldest ] clans.<ref name="Lewismhs">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 23</ref> Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan. The five major clans are the ], ], ], ], ] and the minor clan called is the ]. The major clans within Darod are ], ], ], Leelkase, ], ], ], ], ], and Mora'ase. ] is the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the north. Within the Dir clan is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. These clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” (], ], ], ]).
Leelkase is a sub-clan of the ], one of the oldest ] clans, and one of the oldest kingdoms in Somalia, according to ] and world history, reached in 1775, after heavy fighting and the collapse of the ] Darood.


The Leelkase sub-clan resides in ], ], ], ], ], and the Lower Juba, ], and Western Somali regions. The Leelkase community is described as a religious community, good neighbor, peace loving, and always caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase clan have received the nickname;"Darbi Darod"("The wall of Darod"), which tells about the defence, from the ] clan, in the Hawiye-Darood war. It is a large clan scattered throughout all regions of Somalia such as ], ], ], ], Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Bay and Western Somalia. It is mainly inhabited by the Karkar community: Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur iyo Arindheer.
The Leelkase community can be described as a religious community, peace loving, and caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase have received the nickname; "Darbi Darod" (The wall of Darod) due to their resilience against the ] clan during the civil wars of Somalia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roble |first=Faisal |date=2013-11-08 |title=Clan Cleansing in Somalia: The Ruinous Legacy of 1991: A Book Review |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2013/11/08/clan-cleansing-in-somalia-the-ruinous-legacy-of-1991-a-book-review/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Reinventing Peace |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kusow |first=Abdi Mohamed |date=1994 |title=The Genesis of the Somali Civil War: A New Perspective |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41932034 |journal=Northeast African Studies |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=31–46 |issn=0740-9133}}</ref> The Leelkase clan have a strong presence in the northern regions surrounding ], ] and ], mainly in the cities of ], ], ], ], and ]. The rest of the clan are largely scattered throughout most of the country including portions of ], ] and ]. Along the ] of Ethiopia, fractions of the Leelkase clan such as the Karkar community; (Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur, Arindheer) make up significant numbers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Issa-Salwe |first=Abdisalam M. |title=The Collapse of The Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |url=https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/5265/1/The%20Collapse%20of%20The%20Somali%20State%20-The%20Impact%20of%20the%20Colonial%20Legacy.pdf}}</ref>

The Leelkase are mostly found in the ] region in south-central Somalia. Although the Leelkase and the ] are both from the ] clan, "relations between them have not been great for a long time and they have fought each other a couple of times." Warm relations have been rare between the two groups. There are Leelkase in the ] and ] regions. Relations between the two groups in that region may not be cordial. The Leelkase have been "fighting constantly with the ] in ] region. With regard to Leelkase relations with the ], there have been Leelkase "elements" in the ] since the outbreak of the conflicts in ]. Having previously been in alliances against the ], the Leelkase relationship with the Ogadeni can be described as "tenuous at best".

==Dynasty Figures ==
* ] 1st Darod King.
* ] 2nd Darod King.
* ] 3rd Darod King.
* ] 4th Darod King.
* ] 5th Darod King.
* ] 6th Darod King.
* ] 7th Darod King.
* ] 8th Darod King.
* ] 32th Ugas/King of Tanade Dynasty.
* ] 33st Ugas/King of Tanade Dynasty.


==Notable figures== ==Notable figures==

Revision as of 18:04, 17 February 2024

Somali sub-clan of Darod Main article: Somali clan
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Ethnic group
Leelkase
ليلكسة
Politicians belonging to the Leelkase clan holding a rally.
Regions with significant populations
 Somalia
 Puntland
 Jubaland
 Somali Region
Languages
Somali & Arabic
Religion
islam
Related ethnic groups
Dhulbahante, Marehan, Warsangali, Majerteen, Dishiishe, Awrtable, Ogaden

The Leelkase or Lailkase or Lelkase (Template:Lang-so, Template:Lang-ar) (Hussein bin Abdirahman bin Is'mail bin Ibrahim al Jaberti) is a major subclan of the Tanade Darod clan. The term "Leelkase" is a nickname, which translates as "farsighted, mindful, smart or intelligent”

Clan tree

In the Northeast regions of Somalia, the World Bank shows the following clan tree:

  • Daarood
  • Tanade
  • Maalismoge
  • Leelkase
  • Musa Ali
    • Fiqi Ali
      • Yusuf
        • Mohamed Arab
      • Osman
        • Omar Osman
          • Fiqi Ismail
        • Adan Osman
          • Mohamed Adan
          • Mumin Adan
            • Mohamed Mumin (Xer)
              • Reer Haji Omar
              • Reer Haji Ali
              • Reer Hassan Hussein
              • Reer Ahmed
              • Reer Farah
              • Reer Abikar
              • Reer Mansor
              • Bihni-waydaw
              • Bihni-fiqixasan
              • Bihni-bicidyahan
            • Hirsi Mumin
            • Aamin Mumin
              • Abukar Aamin
              • Cilmi Aamin
            • Hamud Mumin
              • Nor Hamud
              • Mahamud Hamud
              • Barkadle Hamud
              • Aweis Hamud
              • Shamuun Hamud
              • Mahi Hamud
            • Ali Mumin
            • Hassan Mumin
              • Reer Mohamed Hassan
                  • Reer Cumar
                  • Reer Nuur
                  • Reer Ceerigaabo
                  • Reer Qayliye
      • Idiris Osman
        • Reer Xasan
  • Mahamud Ali

Below is list of the Major Leelkase Subclans and cities / towns they reside:

The Musa Ali further divides into the prominent Mumin Aden clans of the Mudug Region and the Somali Region of Ethiopia, and Hassan Idiris Clan of the Nugaal, Sool and Bari regions and as well as the Fiqi Ismail of Mudug region.

The Mahamud Ali clans settle in the Bari region of North Eastern Somalia; particularly in Bandar Beyla district. Hashim Ali is divided into the Malismoge clans and settle in the Mudug region. Gambayah (Somali: Gambayax, Arabicجمبيح) is a District in the Nugal region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 50 km Northeast of the city of Garoowe. The town is populated by the Rooble Hassan subclan of Leelkase, and other Idiris Osman clans. The city has a population of approximately 800,060.

Nugaal-gibin (Somali: Nugaal gibin, Arabic: نوغال غبن) is a District in the Mudug region of Puntland state of Somalia. It lies approximately 40 km southeast of the city of Galdogob. The town is populated by the Xirsi Muumin subclan of Leelkase, and other Mumin Adan clans. The city has a population of approximately 600,000.

Population

As of 2005, the broader Galdogob District had a total population of 40,433 residents mostly Leelkase 33,366 of inhabitants were urban and 57,067 were non-urban. Bayla has a population of around 16,700 inhabitants. The broader Bayla District has a total population of 14,376 residents. Bayla is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Majeerteen and Leelkase Darod well-represented. The broader Garowe District has an estimated total population of 190,000 residents. As with most of Puntland, it is primarily inhabited by Somalis from the Harti Darod clan confederation, in particular the Majerteen and leelkase Darood clans. The Leelkase are also dominant in Garsoor, largest neighborhood of Galkayo with an estimated population of 137,667 inhabitants.

History

Somalia is inhabited by five major ethnic clans and one minor ethnic clan. The five major clans are the Darod, Dir, Hawiye, Isaaq, Rahanweyn and the minor clan called is the Ashraaf. The major clans within Darod are Ogaden, Dhulbahante, Jidwag, Leelkase, Majeerteen, Marehan, Warsangali, Awrtable, Dishiishe, and Mora'ase. Darod is the largest clan because they operate in almost all parts of the north. Within the Dir clan is the Issa, Gadabuursi, Surre, and Biimaal. These clans make up the area known as “Greater Somalia” (Kenya, Ethiopia, Dijibouti, Somalia). Leelkase is a sub-clan of the Tanade, one of the oldest Darod clans, and one of the oldest kingdoms in Somalia, according to Arab and world history, reached in 1775, after heavy fighting and the collapse of the Tanade Darood.

The Leelkase sub-clan resides in Galdogob, Galkayo, Bander Beyla, Eyl, Garowe, and the Lower Juba, Bay, and Western Somali regions. The Leelkase community is described as a religious community, good neighbor, peace loving, and always caring for its neighbors. The Leelkase clan have received the nickname;"Darbi Darod"("The wall of Darod"), which tells about the defence, from the Hawiye clan, in the Hawiye-Darood war. It is a large clan scattered throughout all regions of Somalia such as Mudug, Nugal, Bari, Sool, Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Bay and Western Somalia. It is mainly inhabited by the Karkar community: Caris, Ceel, Dhidir, Buurbuur iyo Arindheer.

The Leelkase are mostly found in the Mudugh region in south-central Somalia. Although the Leelkase and the Majerteen are both from the Darod clan, "relations between them have not been great for a long time and they have fought each other a couple of times." Warm relations have been rare between the two groups. There are Leelkase in the Bari and Nugal regions. Relations between the two groups in that region may not be cordial. The Leelkase have been "fighting constantly with the Marehan in Gedo region. With regard to Leelkase relations with the Ogaden, there have been Leelkase "elements" in the Ogaden since the outbreak of the conflicts in Mogadishu. Having previously been in alliances against the Ogaden, the Leelkase relationship with the Ogadeni can be described as "tenuous at best".

Dynasty Figures

Notable figures

References

  1. "Roots of Insecurity in Puntland". Archived from the original on 2016-04-05.
  2. United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 21 November 2006 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee..., p. 20
  3. ^ World Bank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics , pp. 56-57
  4. "Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics" (PDF). Worldbank. p. 56 Figure A-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-03-16.


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