| Revision as of 09:56, 9 April 2007 view source62.162.178.115 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 10:57, 9 April 2007 view source 62.162.81.130 (talk)No edit summaryNext edit → | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| |caption=Icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid | |caption=Icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid | ||
| |birth_place= | |birth_place= | ||
| |death_place=] |
|death_place=], ] | ||
| |titles=One of the Seven Apostles of Bulgaria, Disciple of ] and ] | |titles=One of the Seven Apostles of Bulgaria, Disciple of ] and ] | ||
| |beatified_date= | |beatified_date= | ||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Saint Clement of Ohrid''' ({{lang- |
'''Saint Clement of Ohrid''' ({{lang-mk|Свети Климент Охридски}}, {{IPA2|sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski}}) (ca. ]–]), was a medieval ] scholar and writer, and the first ] archbishop. Evidence about his life before his return from ] to ] is scarce but according to his hagiography by ], Clement was born in ]. | ||
| As a disciple of ] and ], Clement participated in the mission of Cyril and Methodius to ]. After the death of Cyril, Clement accompanied Methodius from ] to ] and Great Moravia. After the death of Methodius himself in ], Clement headed the struggle against the German clergy in Great Moravia along with ]. After spending some time in jail, he was expelled from Great Moravia and in ] or ] reached the borders of Bulgaria together with ], Angelarius and possibly Gorazd (according to other sources, Gorazd was already dead by that time). The four of them were afterwards sent to the Bulgarian capital of ] where they were commissioned by ] to teach and instruct the future clergy of the state into the ]. | As a disciple of ] and ], Clement participated in the mission of Cyril and Methodius to ]. After the death of Cyril, Clement accompanied Methodius from ] to ] and Great Moravia. After the death of Methodius himself in ], Clement headed the struggle against the German clergy in Great Moravia along with ]. After spending some time in jail, he was expelled from Great Moravia and in ] or ] reached the borders of Bulgaria together with ], Angelarius and possibly Gorazd (according to other sources, Gorazd was already dead by that time). The four of them were afterwards sent to the Bulgarian capital of ] where they were commissioned by ] to teach and instruct the future clergy of the state into the ]. | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| The first modern Bulgarian university, ], was named after Clement upon its foundation in ]. The University in ] (]), established in ], is also named after Clement. | The first modern Bulgarian university, ], was named after Clement upon its foundation in ]. The University in ] (]), established in ], is also named after Clement. | ||
| The Bulgarian scientific base ] on ] in the ], ] is named for Saint Clement of Ohrid. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 51: | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 10:57, 9 April 2007
This article is about the Medieval Bulgarian saint. For Clement (disambiguation), see Clement of Ohrid (disambiguation).| Saint Clement of Ohrid | |
|---|---|
 Icon of Saint Clement of Ohrid | |
| One of the Seven Apostles of Bulgaria, Disciple of St. Cyril and St. Methodius | |
| Born | c. 840 |
| Died | July 17 916 Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Feast | July 27 (Gregorian calendar), August 9 (Julian calendar) and November 25 (Gregorian calendar), December 8 (Julian calendar) |
| Attributes | Glagolitic alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet |
| Patronage | Ohrid |
Saint Clement of Ohrid (Template:Lang-mk, IPA: [sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski]) (ca. 840–916), was a medieval Slavic scholar and writer, and the first Macedonian archbishop. Evidence about his life before his return from Great Moravia to Macedonia is scarce but according to his hagiography by Theophylact, Clement was born in Macedonia.
As a disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, Clement participated in the mission of Cyril and Methodius to Great Moravia. After the death of Cyril, Clement accompanied Methodius from Rome to Panonia and Great Moravia. After the death of Methodius himself in 885, Clement headed the struggle against the German clergy in Great Moravia along with Gorazd. After spending some time in jail, he was expelled from Great Moravia and in 885 or 886 reached the borders of Bulgaria together with Naum of Preslav, Angelarius and possibly Gorazd (according to other sources, Gorazd was already dead by that time). The four of them were afterwards sent to the Bulgarian capital of Pliska where they were commissioned by Boris I of Bulgaria to teach and instruct the future clergy of the state into the Slavonic language.
After the adoption of Christianity in 865, religious ceremonies in Bulgaria were conducted in Greek by clergy sent from the Byzantine Empire. Fearing growing Byzantine influence and weakening of the state, Boris viewed the adoption of the Old Slavonic language as a way to preserve the political independence and stability of Bulgaria. With a view thereto, Boris made arrangements for the establishment of two literary schools (academies) where the Slavonic language was to be taught. The first of the schools was to be founded in the capital, Pliska, and the second one in the region of Kutmichevica (present-day western Republic of Macedonia and eastern Albania).
While Naum of Preslav stayed in Pliska working on the foundation of the Pliska Literary School, Clement was sent by Boris to Ohrid in Kutmichevitza with the commission to organise the teaching of Old Church Slavonic there. For a period of seven years — between 886 and 893 — Clement taught the Slavonic language and the Glagolitic alphabet to some 3,500 disciples. In 893 he was ordained archbishop of Drembica (Velika), also in Kutmichevica. Upon his death in 916 he was buried in his monestary (Saint Panteleimon) on Plaoshnik in Ohrid.
Saint Clement of Ohrid was one of the most prolific and important writers in Old Bulgarian (the Bulgarian version/redaction of Old Church Slavonic). He is credited with the Panonic Hagiography of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. Clement also translated the Flower Triode containing church songs sung from Easter to Pentecost and is believed to be the author of the Holy Service and the Life of St Clement, the Roman Pope, as well as of the oldest service dedicated to St Cyril and St Methodius.
The invention of the Cyrillic alphabet is also usually ascribed to him although the alphabet is most likely to have developed gradually under strong Byzantine influence at the Preslav Literary School at the beginning of the 10th century (for more information, see Cyrillic alphabet).
The first modern Bulgarian university, Sofia University, was named after Clement upon its foundation in 1888. The University in Bitola (Republic of Macedonia), established in 1979, is also named after Clement.
References
See also
- History of Macedonia
- Macedonia (region)
- List of Macedonians
- Naum of Ohrid
- Ohrid Literary School
- Preslav Literary School
- St. Kliment Ohridski Base
- History of Bulgaria