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| A puppet does not have to be a national ruler, or even a person. For example, ] was widely recognized to be ]'s puppet while serving as governor of ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5107/|title="Huey Long Is a Superman": Gerald L. K. Smith Defends the Kingfish|website=historymatters.gmu.edu|access-date=Aug 4, 2020}}</ref> The government of ] was controlled by the Japanese government. | A puppet does not have to be a national ruler, or even a person. For example, ] was widely recognized to be ]'s puppet while serving as governor of ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5107/|title="Huey Long Is a Superman": Gerald L. K. Smith Defends the Kingfish|website=historymatters.gmu.edu|access-date=Aug 4, 2020}}</ref> The government of ] was controlled by the Japanese government. | ||
| Some critics and members of the media claimed that former ] President ] was a puppet of his ], ]. Shortly after Bush was elected in 2000, for example, ] ran a skit where Bush, played by ], laments that "Cheney's going to be one tough boss." However, these claims have likely been inflated. While Cheney had a strong influence on Bush and may have, at times, manipulated him, Cheney likely can not be considered a true puppet ruler.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hayes|first=Stephen F.|date=2011-09-09|title=Five myths about Dick Cheney|language=en-US|newspaper=]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-dick-cheney/2011/09/08/gIQA4W8lFK_story.html|access-date=2021-03-15|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|date=2013-10-10|title=The Final Insult in the Bush-Cheney Marriage (Published 2013)|language=en-US|work=]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/13/magazine/the-final-insult-in-the-bush-cheney-marriage.html|access-date=2021-03-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Manchester|first=Julia|date=2017-11-04|title=George W. Bush: Cheney, Rumsfeld 'didn't make one f---ing decision'|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/358776-george-w-bush-cheney-rumsfeld-didnt-make-one-f-ing-decision|access-date=2021-03-15|website=]|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| Some critics and members of the media claimed that ] President Joseph Biden is a puppet of former ]. President Obama was quoted as saying: “I’ve said this before,” Obama explained. “People would ask me, ‘Knowing what you know now, do you wish you had a third term?’ And I used to say, ‘You know what, if I could make an arrangement where I had a stand-in, a front-man or a front-woman and they had an ear piece in and I was just in my basement with my sweats looking through the stuff and I could sort of deliver the lines, but somebody else was doing all the talking and ceremony.” | Some critics and members of the media claimed that ] President Joseph Biden is a puppet of former ]. President Obama was quoted as saying: “I’ve said this before,” Obama explained. “People would ask me, ‘Knowing what you know now, do you wish you had a third term?’ And I used to say, ‘You know what, if I could make an arrangement where I had a stand-in, a front-man or a front-woman and they had an ear piece in and I was just in my basement with my sweats looking through the stuff and I could sort of deliver the lines, but somebody else was doing all the talking and ceremony.” | ||
Revision as of 23:13, 8 April 2024
Politically titled person in reality controlled by outside forcesA puppet ruler is someone who holds a title that indicates they have political authority, but is loyal to or controlled by outside persons or groups. A foreign government can wield such outside control, and the puppet ruler's territory is referred to as a puppet state. Internal factors, such as non-elected officials, may also exert power over the puppet monarch. A figurehead monarch, as a source of legitimacy and perhaps divine reign, has been the used form of government in numerous circumstances and places throughout history.
There are two basic forms of using puppets as monarchs (rulers, kings, emperors): a figurehead in which the monarch is a puppet of another person or a group in the country who rules instead of the nominal ruler; and a puppet government under a foreign power. Examples of the first type are the Emperors who were the puppets of the shōguns of Japan and the kings who were the puppets of the Mayor of Palace in the Frankish kingdom. Client kingdoms under the Roman Republic and Roman Empire and the British Empire's colonial relationship with King Farouk of Egypt in the 1950s are examples of the second type.
List of puppet kings and queens
Classical antiquity
- Qin Er Shi, Emperor of China's Qin Empire – dominated by his eunuch Zhao Gao
- Emperor Xian of Han of China – dominated by the warlord Dong Zhuo, his successors Li Jue and Guo Si, and finally the Wei Kingdom founded by Cao Pi before being forced to abdicate
- Philip II Philoromaeus of the last Seleucid, King of Syria – ruled as client king for the Roman Republic and Pompey
Late antiquity
- Leo I the Thracian, Roman emperor appointed by Aspar, but broke free
- Libius Severus, second Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer
- Olybrius, third Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer
- Glycerius, Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer's nephew, Gundobad
- Romulus Augustulus, Roman emperor appointed by his general father, Orestes
Post-classical period
- Ecgberht I of Northumbria puppet ruler for the Danes
- Baldwin I, Latin Emperor – installed to rule the Latin Empire by the Republic of Venice after the Fourth Crusade
- John, King of England – nominally ruled as a vassal for Pope Innocent III after 1213
- John Balliol of Scotland – puppet king for King Edward I of England
- Musa, a puppet Ilkhan ruler in Mongol Persia
- Henry VI Lancaster of England – largely dominated by advisors such as Queen Margaret of Anjou and William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Early modern period
- John Sigismund Zápolya, Ottoman puppet king of Hungary contesting Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I of Hapsburg's claim to the throne
- Manco Inca, Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu – installed by the Spanish Empire, later revolted and founded the Neo-Inca State
- Simeon Bekbulatovich Russian Tsar – ruled for one year as Puppet monarch of Ivan the Terrible
- Moctezuma II, Tlatoani (Emperor) of Tenochtitlan and Aztec Triple Empire
- Joseph Nasi, an Ottomans puppet manger as Duchy of Naxos
Napoleonic era
- Elisa Bonaparte, Italian ruler as Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Princess of Lucca
- Louis Bonaparte of the Kingdom of Holland
- Jérôme Bonaparte, of Kingdom of Westphalia created from territories of Prussia and the former Holy Roman Empire (present-day cultural Germany) after the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
- Joseph Bonaparte, of Napoleonic Spain during the Peninsular War and of the Neapolitan Kingdom after the French invasion of Naples
- Elector and later King, Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, appointed as Napoleonic Duke of Warsaw (present-day Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania)
Late modern period
- Rulers of the princely states of India under paramountcy of the British East India Company and later the British Raj
- Hussein Shah of Johor – proclaimed Sultan of Johor by the British Empire during the succession crisis of the Johor Sultanate.
- Mubarak al-Sabah – signed an agreement with the British Empire to make the Sheikhdom of Kuwait a British protectorate
- Pedro V of Kongo – ruled the Kingdom of Kongo (modern-day Angola, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo) as a client king for the Portuguese Empire
- Gungunhana – Portuguese client ruler of the Gaza Empire, exiled after unsuccessful rebellion against Portuguese rule.
- Osman Mahamuud – client king of the Majeerteen Sultanate (modern-day Puntland) for the Italian Empire
- Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II and Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur – Russian client rulers of the Khanate of Khiva
- Emperor Gojong and Sunjong of Korea – ruled as puppets of the Japanese Empire after the Russo-Japanese War
- Aimone of Savoy, King of Croatia – appointed by Fascist Italy after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia as figurehead for Ante Pavelić's Ustaše regime
- Aisin-Gioro Puyi, Emperor of Manchukuo – former Emperor of China appointed to lead Japan's puppet state of Manchukuo
- Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam – emperor of the French protectorate of Annam and Japanese-occupied Vietnam, later chief of state of South Vietnam
- Sisavang Vong, King of Luang Phrabang – client king of the French protectorate of Laos
- Tashi Namgyal and Palden Thondup Namgyal – ruled Sikkim as protectorate of India after 1950.
- Sisowath Monivong, of Cambodia – king of the French protectorate of Cambodia
Puppet governments
Main article: Puppet stateA puppet does not have to be a national ruler, or even a person. For example, Oscar K. Allen was widely recognized to be Huey Long's puppet while serving as governor of Louisiana. The government of Manchukuo was controlled by the Japanese government.
Some critics and members of the media claimed that United States of America President Joseph Biden is a puppet of former President Barack Obama. President Obama was quoted as saying: “I’ve said this before,” Obama explained. “People would ask me, ‘Knowing what you know now, do you wish you had a third term?’ And I used to say, ‘You know what, if I could make an arrangement where I had a stand-in, a front-man or a front-woman and they had an ear piece in and I was just in my basement with my sweats looking through the stuff and I could sort of deliver the lines, but somebody else was doing all the talking and ceremony.”
Numerous high-profile political commentators and former politicians, including former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, have suggested Biden can’t possibly be making the important decisions. Others have suggested Nancy Pelosi is in charge.
Footage from the House Democratic Caucus' 2021 Issues Conference in March showed President Biden stating:
"I'm happy to take questions if that's what I'm supposed to do, Nance, whatever you want me to do," President Biden said.
The clip shows Nancy Pelosi on screen before her image is replaced by an overlay, and then a voice is heard, which people have claimed is Nancy Pelosi, saying: "Am I on? No, we don't want him to talk."
Current (as of 2021) Prime Minister of Serbia Ana Brnabić, cited by political scientist Krzysztof Zuba as an example of a head of government with extensive political dependence on a leader of the governing party, has been described by opposition leaders and some observers as a puppet for President Aleksandar Vučić, whose office is constitutionally ceremonial with no significant executive power. Brnabić never denied this, and even said that Vučić should act as a "mentor" of the prime minister.
References
- Pu Yi 1988, p 281
- Pu Yi 1988, p 298
- ""Huey Long Is a Superman": Gerald L. K. Smith Defends the Kingfish". historymatters.gmu.edu. Retrieved Aug 4, 2020.
- ^ Zuba, Krzysztof (2019). "Leaders without Leadership: Surrogate Governments in Poland". Europe-Asia Studies. 72: 33–54. doi:10.1080/09668136.2019.1673321. S2CID 211437470.
- Surk, Barbara (28 June 2017). "Serbia Gets Its First Female, and First Openly Gay, Premier". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
- Gouveia, José Fialho (7 July 2017). "Serbia chooses first woman to lead government and please EU". Diário de Notícias (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- Karabeg, Omer (15 April 2018). "Ana Brnabić: Premijerka ili Vučićeva marioneta". Radio Slobodna Evropa (in Serbo-Croatian). Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- "Brnabić: Vučić da ima ulogu mentora nad premijerom" (in Serbian). Danas. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2019.