Amana German: Difference between revisions

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	{{Short description\|~~West Central German dialect~~ of Iowa, US}}		{{Short description\|language of Iowa, US based on West Central German}}
	{{Infobox language		{{Infobox language
	\|name=Amana German		\|name=Amana German
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	\|fam6=] ~~/ ]~~		\|fam6=]
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	\|isoexception=dialect}}		\|isoexception=dialect}}
	'''Amana German''' ({{lang-de\|Amana-Deutsch}} or {{lang\|de\|Kolonie-Deutsch}}, lit. ''Colony German'') is a ~~dialect~~ of ] that is still spoken by several hundred people in the ] in ].		'''Amana German''' ({{lang-de\|Amana-Deutsch}} or {{lang\|de\|Kolonie-Deutsch}}, lit. ''Colony German'') is a regiolect based on ] that is still spoken by several hundred people in the ] in ].

	The Amana Colonies were founded in 1856 by ] of ] who came from ] near ] in ]. Amana is derived from the ], which is a West Central German dialect. There are seven villages in Amana with slightly different dialect features.		The Amana Colonies were founded in 1856 by ] of ] who came from ] near ] in ]. Amana is derived from the ], which is a West Central German dialect. There are seven villages in Amana with slightly different dialect features.
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Revision as of 10:10, 15 April 2024

language of Iowa, US based on West Central German

Amana German
Native to	United States
Region	Amana Colonies in Iowa
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Irminonic German American German Amana German
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–

Amana German (Template:Lang-de or Kolonie-Deutsch, lit. Colony German) is a regiolect based on West Central German that is still spoken by several hundred people in the Amana Colonies in Iowa.

The Amana Colonies were founded in 1856 by Inspirationalists of German origin who came from West Seneca near Buffalo in New York. Amana is derived from the Hessian dialect, which is a West Central German dialect. There are seven villages in Amana with slightly different dialect features.

Even though the use of the language is in decline, it is far from being moribund. There are several major studies about the language of Amana.

References

Philip E. Webber: Kolonie-Deutsch: Life and Language in Amana, Ames, 2006, page 14.

Literature

Philip E. Webber: Kolonie-Deutsch: Life and Language in Amana. Ames, 2006. (Originally 1993; expended ed., University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 2009)
Michael T. Putnam: Anaphors in contact: The distribution of intensifiers and reflexives in Amana German in "Studies on German-language islands". Amsterdam et al., 2011.
Lawrence L. Rettig: Grammatical structures in Amana German. Dissertation at the University of Iowa, 1970.
Joan Liffring-Zug: Life in Amana: reporters' views of the communal way, 1867 - 1935. Iowa City, 1998.

v t e Varieties of German spoken outside Europe
Africa	Namibia: Namibian German, Namibian Black German South Africa: Nataler Deutsch
North America	Amana German Alsatian German Bernese German Hutterite German Pennsylvania Dutch Plautdietsch Texas German Wisconsin German
South America	Alemán Coloniero Argentinian Swiss German Brazilian German Ostpommersch Paraná Volga German Hunsrik Plautdietsch
Asia and the Pacific	Barossa German Kiautschou German pidgin Unserdeutsch

Germanic languages

According to contemporary philology

West

Anglo-Frisian

Anglic

English
- dialects
- Old English
- Middle English
- Modern English
  - Early Modern English
Irish Middle English
- Fingallian
- Kildare
- Yola
Scots
- Early Scots
- Middle Scots

Frisian

Historical forms	Old Frisian Middle Frisian
East Frisian	Ems Saterland Frisian Upgant Frisian Weser Wangerooge Frisian Wursten Frisian Harlingerland Frisian
North Frisian	Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Föhr Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Mainland Bökingharde Mooring Halligen Goesharde Northern Central Southern Karrharde Strand Wiedingharde
West Frisian	Hindeloopen Schiermonnikoog Westlauwers–Terschellings Mainland West Frisian Clay Frisian Wood Frisian Westereendersk Terschelling

Low German

Historical forms	Old Saxon Middle Low German
West Low German	Dutch Low Saxon Stellingwarfs Tweants Gronings Drèents Gelders-Overijssels Achterhooks Sallaans Urkers Veluws Northern Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon Eastphalian Westphalian
East Low German	Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Brandenburgisch Central Pomeranian East Pomeranian Low Prussian Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German

Low Franconian

Historical forms	Frankish Old Dutch Middle Dutch
Standard variants	Dutch Afrikaans (Kaaps)
West Low Franconian	Central Dutch Hollandic West Flemish French Flemish Zeelandic East Flemish Brabantian Kleverlandish Surinamese Dutch Jersey Dutch Mohawk Dutch Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands
East Low Franconian	Limburgish
Cover groups	Bergish Meuse-Rhenish

High German
(German)

Historical forms

Old High German
Middle High German
New High German
- Early New High German

Standard German

Non-standard variants
and creoles

Central German

West Central German	Central Franconian Ripuarian Colognian Southeast Limburgish Moselle Franconian Luxembourgish Transylvanian Saxon Hunsrückisch Hunsrik Rhine Franconian Lorraine Franconian Palatine Volga German Pennsylvania Dutch Hessian Central Hessian Amana German
East Central German	Thuringian Upper Saxon Erzgebirgisch Lusatian Silesian German High Prussian Wymysorys Halcnovian

Upper German

North and East

North

Historical forms	Proto-Norse Old Norse Old West Norse Old East Norse Old Gutnish
West	Norwegian Bergensk Kebabnorsk Sognamål Trøndersk Valdris Vestlandsk Vikværsk Bokmål (written) Nynorsk (written) Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Faroese Icelandic Old Icelandic Middle Icelandic Greenlandic Norse Norn
East	Swedish Swedish dialects Rinkebysvenska Danish Danish dialects Insular Danish Jutlandic South Jutlandic East Danish Bornholmsk Scanian (historically) Southern Schleswig Danish Gøtudanskt Perkerdansk Old Danish Middle Danish Dalecarlian Elfdalian
Gutnish Mainland Gutnish Fårö Gutnish

East

Gothic
- Crimean Gothic
- Ostrogoth
- Visigoth
- Gepid ?
Burgundian
Vandalic
Herulian ?
Skirian ?

Philology

Language subgroups	North East West Elbe (Irminonic) Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) North Sea (Ingvaeonic) Northwest Gotho-Nordic South
Reconstructed	Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic grammar Germanic parent language Ancient Belgian language
Diachronic features	Grimm's law Verner's law Holtzmann's law Sievers's law Kluge's law Germanic substrate hypothesis West Germanic gemination High German consonant shift Germanic a-mutation Germanic umlaut Germanic spirant law Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law Great Vowel Shift
Synchronic features	Germanic verb Germanic strong verb Germanic weak verb Preterite-present verb Grammatischer Wechsel Indo-European ablaut

Italics indicate extinct languages
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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Revision as of 10:10, 15 April 2024

References

Literature

See also