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| The Sunar (སུའུ་ནར་ཨར།; Devanagari: सुनार; Sunär), are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group of Nepal, Southern Bhutan and North India. | The Sunar (སུའུ་ནར་ཨར།; Devanagari: सुनार; Sunär), are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group of Nepal, Southern Bhutan and North India. | ||
| ''' |
'''Sunar''' (alternately, '''Soni''' or '''Sonar''') is a Hindu and Buddhism caste. The Sunar community works trader of gold or as ]s.<ref>''People of Tiben'': Lhasa (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500 to 150</ref> The community is primarily ], and found all over Nepal , India and Tibet .The Sunar also do trade of gold in Lhasa. Indian and Nepali sunar use soni as their surname. | ||
| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| The term ''Sunar'' may derive from the ] ''suvarna kār'', "worker in gold".<ref>{{cite book|author=R.V. Russell|title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India | volume=IV | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20668/20668-h/20668-h.htm#d0e3452|accessdate=6 July 2011|date=October 1995|publisher=Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration, Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London. 1916 |pages=517}}</ref> | The term ''Sunar'' may derive from the ] ''suvarna kār'', "worker in gold".<ref>{{cite book|author=R.V. Russell|title=The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India | volume=IV | url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20668/20668-h/20668-h.htm#d0e3452|accessdate=6 July 2011|date=October 1995|publisher=Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration, Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London. 1916 |pages=517}}</ref> | ||
| The Sunar are still involved in their traditional occupation, that is being goldsmiths. There is however a steady process in taking up other occupations, and the community in Haryana and Punjab as whole is fairly successful, having produced several professionals.<ref>''People of India'': Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 475 to 479 Manohar Books</ref> | |||
| ==Surnames== | |||
| ==The Sunar use Soni, Seth, Swarnkar, Shah, Singh, Puri, Bhutani, Sonik, Kapoor, Mehra, Rastogi, Verma,Saraf etc. as their surnames.== | |||
| ==Swarnkar in india== | |||
| In india there are more than 2 lakh sunars | |||
| ==Factions== | |||
| Kannaujia Swarnkar in bihar,up and jharkhand are the Suryavanshi Rathore rajputs. | |||
| The Sunars are divided into a large number of territorial and non-territorial groupings called alla. Some of the major alla are the Jhankhad, Santanpuriya, Lal sultaniya, Dekhalantiya, Mundaha, Bhigahiya, Parajiya, Samuhiya, Chilliya, Katiliya Kalidarwa, Naubastwal, Berehele, Gedehiya, Shahpuriya, Mathureke Paliya, Katkaria and Nimkheriya ,Vaibhaha . Each lineage is associated with a particular area. To which its ancestors belonged to. The Sunar use Soni, Seth, Swarnkar, Shah, Singh, Puri, Bhutani, Sonik, Kapoor, Mehra, Rastogi, Verma,Saraf etc. as their surnames. In ] and ], the community is also known as ].<ref>''People of India'': Uttar Pradesh (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500</ref> In Haryana, the Sunars are often known as Swarnakar, ], Suri and ], are their common surname.<ref>''People of India'': Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia page 475 Manohar Books</ref> In Punjab and Rajasthan, ] community work as goldsmiths. | |||
| ==Sunar in Nepal== | |||
| Maidh kshatriya swarnkar are the maidh rajputs found in rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh | |||
| The ] of Nepal classifies the Sunar (called Sonar in the Nepal census) as a subgroup within the broader social group of ] Other Caste.<ref> Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II </ref> At the time of the ], 64,335 people (0.2% of the population of Nepal) were Sunar. The frequency of Sunars by province was as follows: | |||
| * ] (1.0%) | |||
| * ] (0.1%) | |||
| * ] (0.1%) | |||
| * ] (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (0.0%) | |||
| ⚫ | The frequency of Sunars was higher than national average (0.2%) in the following districts:<ref></ref> | ||
| And the mair rajputs in punjab. | |||
| * ] (1.6%) | |||
| * (0.1%) | |||
| * ] (1.3%) | |||
| * (0.1%) | |||
| * ] (1.1%) | |||
| * (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (1.1%) | |||
| * (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (1.1%) | |||
| * (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (1.0%) | |||
| * (0.0%) | |||
| * ] (0.5%) | |||
| * ] (0.3%) | |||
| ⚫ | districts:<ref></ref> | ||
| * ] (0.3%) | |||
| * (1.6%) | |||
| * (1.1%) | |||
| * (1.1%) | |||
| * (1.1%) | |||
| * (1.0%) | |||
| * (0.5%) | |||
| * (0.3%) | |||
| ==Famous Sunar Personality== | ==Famous Sunar Personality== | ||
Revision as of 20:38, 24 April 2024
Hindu caste of goldsmiths in Tibet and IndiaThe Sunar (སུའུ་ནར་ཨར།; Devanagari: सुनार; Sunär), are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group of Nepal, Southern Bhutan and North India.
Sunar (alternately, Soni or Sonar) is a Hindu and Buddhism caste. The Sunar community works trader of gold or as goldsmiths. The community is primarily Hindu, and found all over Nepal , India and Tibet .The Sunar also do trade of gold in Lhasa. Indian and Nepali sunar use soni as their surname.
Etymology
The term Sunar may derive from the Sanskrit suvarna kār, "worker in gold".
The Sunar are still involved in their traditional occupation, that is being goldsmiths. There is however a steady process in taking up other occupations, and the community in Haryana and Punjab as whole is fairly successful, having produced several professionals.
Factions
The Sunars are divided into a large number of territorial and non-territorial groupings called alla. Some of the major alla are the Jhankhad, Santanpuriya, Lal sultaniya, Dekhalantiya, Mundaha, Bhigahiya, Parajiya, Samuhiya, Chilliya, Katiliya Kalidarwa, Naubastwal, Berehele, Gedehiya, Shahpuriya, Mathureke Paliya, Katkaria and Nimkheriya ,Vaibhaha . Each lineage is associated with a particular area. To which its ancestors belonged to. The Sunar use Soni, Seth, Swarnkar, Shah, Singh, Puri, Bhutani, Sonik, Kapoor, Mehra, Rastogi, Verma,Saraf etc. as their surnames. In Gujarat and Rajasthan, the community is also known as Soni. In Haryana, the Sunars are often known as Swarnakar, Soni, Suri and Verma, are their common surname. In Punjab and Rajasthan, Mair Rajput community work as goldsmiths.
Sunar in Nepal
The Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies the Sunar (called Sonar in the Nepal census) as a subgroup within the broader social group of Madheshi Other Caste. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, 64,335 people (0.2% of the population of Nepal) were Sunar. The frequency of Sunars by province was as follows:
- Madhesh Province (1.0%)
- Koshi Province (0.1%)
- Lumbini Province (0.1%)
- Bagmati Province (0.0%)
- Gandaki Province (0.0%)
- Karnali Province (0.0%)
- Sudurpashchim Province (0.0%)
The frequency of Sunars was higher than national average (0.2%) in the following districts:
- Parsa (1.6%)
- Mahottari (1.3%)
- Bara (1.1%)
- Rautahat (1.1%)
- Sarlahi (1.1%)
- Dhanusha (1.0%)
- Siraha (0.5%)
- Morang (0.3%)
- Saptari (0.3%)
Famous Sunar Personality
- Raj Babbar Film Actor & Politician
- Parmish Verma Punjabi Singer & Performer
See also
References
- People of Tiben: Lhasa (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500 to 150
- R.V. Russell (October 1995). The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India. Vol. IV. Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration, Macmillan and Co., Limited St. Martin's Street, London. 1916. p. 517. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
- People of India: Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 475 to 479 Manohar Books
- People of India: Uttar Pradesh (Volume XLII) edited by A Hasan & J C Das page 1500
- People of India: Haryana (Volume XXIII) edited by M.L Sharma and A.K Bhatia page 475 Manohar Books
- Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
- 2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report
- https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/how-and-why-congress-chose-raj-babbar-to-head-up-fight/&hl=hi&sl=en&tl=hi&client=srp&prev=search
Further reading
- R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi. Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons, 2008. ISBN 81-7625-841-5, ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8