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{{short description|Book by William Aiton}} {{short description|Series of books on Kew Gardens}}
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{{italic title}} {{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
⚫ '''{{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}}'', or, A Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew''''' (abbr. '''{{lang|la|Hort. Kew.}}''') by ]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiton, William (1731–1793), horticulturist |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-260 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/260}}</ref> was a 1789 catalogue of all the plant species then in cultivation at the ], which constituted the vast majority of plant species in cultivation in all of England.{{sfn|Pagmenta|2009}} It included information on the country of origin, who introduced the plant into English cultivation, and when. It is therefore now one of the most important sources of information on history of horticulture in England.{{sfn|Richmond|2010}} {{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}} was published as a comparatively large edition of 1250 copies.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Natural History Books and their Creators|first=Ray|last=Desmond|date=2003|page=18}}</ref>


'''{{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}}''' (] for "Kew Garden"; abbr. '''{{lang|la|Hort. Kew.}}''') is a series of works cataloguing the ] ] in ] at the ] at ] in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The origin of {{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}} (] for "Kew Garden") was a descriptive plant list produced by Aiton in 1773, presumably at the behest of ], who was then compiling his {{lang|la|]}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew|first=Ray|last=Desmond|date=1995|page=104}}</ref> Although published under Aiton's name, {{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}} was edited by ], ], and ], who each worked as librarian and curator of Banks's collections in succession.{{sfn|Desmond|1995|pp=104-106}}


==Background==
⚫ A second edition (abbr. '''{{lang|la|Ait. Kew.}}''') was published between 1810 and 1813;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/305115 |title=Kew Record Book (1793–1809) |last2=Royal Botanic Gardens |first2=Kew |date=1793 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |location=].
] became a favored location for English courtiers after the establishment of ] nearby under the ]. The ] at Kew began as the private garden of ] of ] and then ],{{sfnp|''Enc. Brit.''|1882}} who served as secretary to ], son of ] and father of ] of ]. Frederick then leased Kew House, began planning an enormous ], and had his close friend ], ], begin requesting plant specimens from British agents around the world.<ref>{{citation |last= |first= |contribution-url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/1057340/hortus-kewensis-sistens-herbas-exoticas-indigenasque-rariores-in-area-botanica |contribution=Hortus Kewensis... |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection |title=The Royal Collection |publisher=Royal Collection Trust |location=London |date=2024 |ref={{harvid|RCT|2024}} }}.</ref> After his death, Frederick's widow ] expanded its gardens still further in cooperation with Bute and ].{{sfnp|RCT|2024}}

==John Hill's edition==
The first edition of {{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}} was published in ] in 1768.{{sfnp|Hill|1768}} It was compiled by ] at Augusta's request and listed 2700 plants at the Garden.{{sfnp|RCT|2024}} The 2nd edition published in 1769{{sfnp|Hill|1769}} included a further 700 plants.{{sfnp|RCT|2024}}

==William Aiton's edition==
The third edition, the first English edition, was compiled by ], ], and ]{{sfnp|Desmond|1995|pp=104-106}} and published in 1789 under the name of ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aiton, William (1731–1793), horticulturist |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-260 |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/260}}</ref>{{sfnp|Aiton|1789}} whose 1773 plant list formed the basis of their work.{{sfnp|Desmond|1995|p=104}} Solander, Dryander, and Brown were the successive librarians and curators of ]'s collections,{{sfnp|Desmond|1995|pp=104-106}} who had presumably directed Aiton to compile his index of the Kew Garden to aid his own {{lang|la|]}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew|first=Ray|last=Desmond|date=1995|page=104}}</ref>

⚫ By the time of this edition, the garden included the vast majority of plant species in cultivation in all of England.{{sfn|Pagmenta|2009}} It included information on the country of origin, who introduced the plant into English cultivation, and when. It is therefore now considered one of the most important sources of information on history of horticulture in England.{{sfn|Richmond|2010}} This edition of the {{lang|la|Hortus Kewensis}} was published as a comparatively large run of 1250 copies.<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Natural History Books and their Creators|first=Ray|last=Desmond|date=2003|page=18}}</ref>

==William T. Aiton's edition==
⚫ A fourth edition, the second English edition (abbr. '''{{lang|la|Ait. Kew.}}'''), was published between 1810 and 1813<ref>{{Cite book |last=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/305115 |title=Kew Record Book (1793–1809) |last2=Royal Botanic Gardens |first2=Kew |date=1793 |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |location=].{{sfnp|Aiton|1810–1813}}


==References== ==References==
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===Bibliography=== ===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last= |first= |editor=Thomas Spencer Baynes |editor2=William Robertson Smith |display-editors=0 |contribution=] |title=] |series=] |date=1882 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |ref={{harvid|''Enc. Brit.''|1882}} }}.
* {{citation |last=Hill |first=John |author-link=John Hill (botanist) |url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=ZxA1cyzYlLIC&pg=PP9 |title=Hortus Kewensis... |language=la |trans-title=Kew Garden... |date=1769 |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Richard Baldwin & John Ridley }}.
* {{cite book|last1=Pagmenta|first1=Frank|title=The Aitons: Gardeners to their Majesties|date=2009|publisher=]|location=Richmond|isbn=9780955071751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2wGywAACAAJ}} * {{cite book|last1=Pagmenta|first1=Frank|title=The Aitons: Gardeners to their Majesties|date=2009|publisher=]|location=Richmond|isbn=9780955071751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2wGywAACAAJ}}
* {{cite web|title=Royal Gardeners at Kew – The Aitons|url=http://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/publications/79-2/|publisher=The Richmond Local History Society|access-date=28 April 2016|date=2010|ref={{harvid|Richmond|2010}}}} * {{cite web|title=Royal Gardeners at Kew – The Aitons|url=http://www.richmondhistory.org.uk/wordpress/publications/79-2/|publisher=The Richmond Local History Society|access-date=28 April 2016|date=2010|ref={{harvid|Richmond|2010}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Aiton |first=W. |author-link=William Aiton|title=Hortus Kewensis|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4504#/summary|publisher=George Nicol|location=London|year=1789}} * {{cite book |last=Aiton |first=William |author-link=William Aiton|title=Hortus Kewensis|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4504#/summary|publisher=George Nicol|location=London|year=1789}}
** **
** **
** **
* {{cite book |last=Aiton |first=W.T. |author-link=William Townsend Aiton|title=Hortus Kewensis |edition=2nd |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/105339#/summary|publisher=Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown|location=London|year=1810–1813}} * {{cite book |last=Aiton |first=William Townsend |author-link=William Townsend Aiton|title=Hortus Kewensis |edition=2nd |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/105339#/summary|publisher=Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown|location=London|year=1810–1813}}
** **
** **

Revision as of 03:16, 22 June 2024

Series of books on Kew Gardens

Hortus Kewensis (Latin for "Kew Garden"; abbr. Hort. Kew.) is a series of works cataloguing the plant species in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Background

Kew became a favored location for English courtiers after the establishment of Richmond Palace nearby under the Tudors. The Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew began as the private garden of Henry Capell of Tewkesbury and then Samuel Molyneux, who served as secretary to Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of George II and father of George III of England. Frederick then leased Kew House, began planning an enormous greenhouse, and had his close friend John Stuart, earl of Bute, begin requesting plant specimens from British agents around the world. After his death, Frederick's widow Augusta expanded its gardens still further in cooperation with Bute and William Aiton.

John Hill's edition

The first edition of Hortus Kewensis was published in Latin in 1768. It was compiled by John Hill at Augusta's request and listed 2700 plants at the Garden. The 2nd edition published in 1769 included a further 700 plants.

William Aiton's edition

The third edition, the first English edition, was compiled by Daniel Solander, Jonas Carlsson Dryander, and Robert Brown and published in 1789 under the name of William Aiton, whose 1773 plant list formed the basis of their work. Solander, Dryander, and Brown were the successive librarians and curators of Joseph Banks's collections, who had presumably directed Aiton to compile his index of the Kew Garden to aid his own Florilegium.

By the time of this edition, the garden included the vast majority of plant species in cultivation in all of England. It included information on the country of origin, who introduced the plant into English cultivation, and when. It is therefore now considered one of the most important sources of information on history of horticulture in England. This edition of the Hortus Kewensis was published as a comparatively large run of 1250 copies.

William T. Aiton's edition

A fourth edition, the second English edition (abbr. Ait. Kew.), was published between 1810 and 1813 with the bulk of the new information added by Aiton's son William Townsend Aiton.

References

Citations

  1. Enc. Brit. (1882).
  2. "Hortus Kewensis...", The Royal Collection, London: Royal Collection Trust, 2024.
  3. ^ RCT (2024).
  4. Hill (1768). sfnp error: no target: CITEREFHill1768 (help)
  5. Hill (1769).
  6. ^ Desmond (1995), pp. 104–106.
  7. "Aiton, William (1731–1793), horticulturist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/260. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  8. Aiton (1789).
  9. Desmond (1995), p. 104.
  10. Desmond, Ray (1995). The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. p. 104.
  11. Pagmenta 2009.
  12. Richmond 2010.
  13. Desmond, Ray (2003). Great Natural History Books and their Creators. p. 18.
  14. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1793). Kew Record Book (1793–1809). [unpublished: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  15. Aiton (1810–1813).

Bibliography

External links


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