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| {{Short description| |
{{Short description|Element of Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals}} | ||
| {{About|radif in Urdu |
{{About|the radif in Persian, Turkic and Urdu ghazals|the radif in Iranian music theory|Radif (music)}} | ||
| {{Globalize|date=December 2010}}<!-- it is in fact an arabic form spread over muslim world--> | |||
| {{Italics title}} | {{Italics title}} | ||
| ''''' |
In ], Turkic, and ] ]s, the '''''radif''''' ({{lang-fa|ردیف}}, {{lit|row}}) is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets.{{efn|A couplet is called ''bayt'' or ''sher''.}} It is preceded by a '']'', which is the actual rhyme of the ghazal.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Court of Indar and the Rebirth of North Indian Drama|page=151|author=Afroz Taj|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BWILAQAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/164447/history-art-performance-ghazal-hindustani-sangeet/|title=The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet|date=2017-12-21|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AXtyWoP7GzYC&dq=radif+ghazal&pg=PA2|title=Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century|last=Kanda|first=K. C.|date=1995|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-1826-5|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| The following is an example of a ''ghazal'' by ]. In this example the {{Transl|fa|radif}} is {{Transl|ur|mein}}. The qafiya is the following pattern of words: {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the first ]), {{Transl|ur|jalwa-gaah}}, {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the fourth hemistich), {{Transl|ur|raah}}, {{Transl|ur|haale-tabaah}} and {{Transl|ur|aah}}. | The following is an example of a ''ghazal'' by ]. In this example the {{Transl|fa|radif}} is {{Transl|ur|mein}}. The qafiya is the following pattern of words: {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the first ]), {{Transl|ur|jalwa-gaah}}, {{Transl|ur|nigaah}} (in the fourth hemistich), {{Transl|ur|raah}}, {{Transl|ur|haale-tabaah}} and {{Transl|ur|aah}}. | ||
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| In Urdu, a ''ghazal'' which has no ''radif'' is known as ''ghair muradaf ghazal''; if it contains ''radif'', it is called a ''muradaf ghazal''. | In Urdu, a ''ghazal'' which has no ''radif'' is known as ''ghair muradaf ghazal''; if it contains ''radif'', it is called a ''muradaf ghazal''. | ||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{notelist}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 05:42, 25 June 2024
Element of Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals This article is about the radif in Persian, Turkic and Urdu ghazals. For the radif in Iranian music theory, see Radif (music).In Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals, the radif (Template:Lang-fa, lit. 'row') is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets. It is preceded by a qafiya, which is the actual rhyme of the ghazal.
The following is an example of a ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi. In this example the radif is mein. The qafiya is the following pattern of words: nigaah (in the first hemistich), jalwa-gaah, nigaah (in the fourth hemistich), raah, haale-tabaah and aah.
aafat kii shoKhiyaa.N hai.n tumhaarii nigaah mein
mehashar ke fitane khelate hai.n jalwa-gaah mein
wo dushmanii se dekhate hai.n dekhate to hain
mai.n shaad huu.N ke huu.N to kisii kii nigaah mein
aatii baat baat mujhe yaad baar baar
kahataa huu.N dau.D dau.D ke qaasid se raah mein
is taubaah par hai naaz mujhe zaahid is qadar
jo TuuT kar shariik huu.N haal-e-tabaah mein
mushtaaq is adaa ke bahot dard-ma.nd the
ae DaaG tum to baiTh gaye ek aah mein
In Urdu, a ghazal which has no radif is known as ghair muradaf ghazal; if it contains radif, it is called a muradaf ghazal.
Notes
- A couplet is called bayt or sher.
References
- Afroz Taj (2007). The Court of Indar and the Rebirth of North Indian Drama. p. 151.
- "The history, art and performance of ghazal in Hindustani sangeet". Daily Times. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
- Kanda, K. C. (1995). Urdu Ghazals: An Anthology, from 16th to 20th Century. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-1826-5.
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